美国文学读书报告(精选5篇)
Book Report
——My View of Walden
Since I have finished reading The Unbearable Lightness of Being last year, I suppose it is the best.But when I get Walden, my heart is caught again.To be honest, when I first hear about Walden, I have no idea what it is concerned about.After my teacher introduces a bit about it, then I know it is a quiet book.Because of that favor, I have much interest in it and read it immediately.I have to say, I think it talks nonsense in the Economy chapter, and I become confused when I finish it at the first time.I just learn some thing about Thoreau’s more than two years of life and thought at Walden Pond, it is like a journal.For further studying, I read more literature from library and search for more evaluating from the Internet.It is generally believed in literary circles that Walden is such a book, a book is called “overcome all worldly thoughts and enter sainthood“ by Eliot, a book together with Bible and the little prince was named one of the ”twenty-five books for shaping the readers " by America National Library, a book that poets will never abandon.It is very important to know background of a book when you read it.Otherwise,you may not know why the author write it or what the author want to tell readers.In Walden, they are mentioned in chapter two.Just like me, I am not able to understand Walden well at the beginning and think it is nonsense.It is not the simple description of nature and life of Thoreau, it also reveals that the author comes back to the nature and makes an experiment of life to find the true meaning of life.It seems that if one can meet the required for basic life to the world, one can more easily and more calm to enjoy life.There are many researches on Walden, the themes contain ecological significance, aesthetic value, relationship between Walden and China, and so on.But, my heart just follow the words.I read it twice.When I think of seclusion, I think of Tao Yuanming.When I think of prose, I think of Zhu Ziqing and his Moonlight over the Lotus Pond.It is said that the writing style of Wei An ultimately from poetry to prose because of Walden.I am indulged in Thoreau’s thought and the words of Walden.The book is fresh,healthy and inspiring.I love it.I like the second chapter of it most.In this chapter, the author explains why he choses to live alone in a small, simple cabin at Walden Pond, and why he writes this book.He thinks many of his contemporaries do not understand the real meaning of life.He describes the beauty of nature, some ideas of transcendentalism and his philosophy of life--”simplicity, simplicity, simplicity”.I love these sentences
especially, “Time is but the stream I go a-fishing in.I drink at it;but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is.Its thin current slides away, but eternity remains.” There is a metaphor, stream is used to be compared to time.Although we can not like Thoreau to appreciate the lonely forest life now, Walden has never disappeared.Nothing can prevent us to have a clear Walden in our hearts.It
如何写读书报告?这是美国学生的基本功,但是却是中国的孩子的弱点,江博读书会特邀请Timothy(出生于美国,且在美国某著名中学就读)按照他得学习体会跟大家分享一下读书报告的写法。
How to Write a Book Response by Timothy(intern @Joyboom)
I’ll be going over a few points which I feel are instrumental in writing a good book response.The order is not significant.1.Make sure to understand the basic concepts and facts of the book.It’s very tough to write a book response without knowing both the specifics of the plot and the symbolism in the book.For example, I once began to write a response about A Separate Peace, in which I argued that Leper may have had a mental disorder.As it turns out, the book implies he suffered from PTSD.2.Establish a main idea, and focus the entirety of the response around it.Every piece of writing should have a main idea.It is always easier to write an essay around a main idea than to think of one after the essay has been completed.As such, it is highly encouraged to have a first paragraph dedicated to informing the reader of the main idea.There should also be a recap of the main idea in the concluding paragraph, briefly explaining how all of your ideas link back to the main one.A very brief example could be: Main idea: California is a great state to live in.Idea 1: California has many job opportunities.Idea 2: California has great weather.Idea 3: California has all kinds of food.Link back: California is a great state to live in because of 1, 2 and 3.3.Keep the essay smooth!It’s important to keep your sentences flowing smoothly.Here’s a tip: after every sentence you write, read it aloud to yourself.Do this when you finish paragraphs and entire essays.This will ensure you catch any parts that sound rigid.A prime factor in rigid sentences is repeated words.For example: “Put the book on that table, in case we need the book later.”
In this sentence, the word book is repeated.It sounds a bit awkward when read aloud, but this can be easily remedied.“Put the book on that table, in case we need it later.”
By changing the word, the sentence flows better.In some situations, a thesaurus can be even better.4.Keep plot summary to a minimum.A rule of thumb when writing responses is to assume that the reader has already read the book.Of course, this isn’t going to be the case 100% of the time.Responses, however, are not summaries.Ideally, the only plot that should ever be in your response should be the quotes you use(if you use them)to support your ideas.5.Quotes are powerful.At least, when used in the right way.Quotes are unquestionable fact taken straight from the book you are responding to.When used correctly, they strengthen your ideas by quite a bit by adding factual evidence.Here’s how you can use quotes effectively: In Lord of the Flies, Piggy is the most intelligent character, because he makes the conch a symbol of democracy.The sentence above is fine on its own, but a quote would strengthen it.In Lord of the Flies, Piggy is the most intelligent character, as shown when he “quote where Piggy first establishes the rules regarding the conch.”
摘要:富兰克林的《自传》是自传体文学的上乘之作。它简明而引人入胜地叙述了美国第一位自力更生、白手起家者由贫苦卑微而跃至富有、闻名、发达的故事,忠实地记录了他光辉灿烂的一生。本文从《自传》所传达的富兰克林成功的因素、民主与平等信念、美国梦三个方面下手,带领大家深入认识本杰明富兰克林。
关键词:富兰克林成功要诀,民主与平等信念,美国梦
一、富兰克林成功的因素
1、至善至美的个人品质
勤奋、乐观、永不放弃是富兰克林得以成功的重要因素。“富兰克林出生在波士顿一个清教徒的家庭,青少年时期就从家庭接受了请教信仰。清教强调‘天职’的观念,即:人的职责就是把个人的才能发挥到极致,因为这些才能得愿于上帝,所以是应该加以最大限度发挥的。人不应该安守自得,满足于呆板的生活。”《富兰克林自传》描述了富兰克林所面临的种种坎坷遭遇。如果没有乐观的心态,他不可能在那样困苦的环境中坚持下来。“富兰克林早年离家出走的冒险在《自传》中被刻画得淋漓尽致,无论是面对茫茫大海上的暴风骤雨,还是漫漫人生中的凄风苦雨,富兰克林都经受住了考验。”他曾经因为在船上因为发烧而差点被死神夺走性命的经历对他的努力造成了巨大的干扰。但是,“就像希腊神话中的英雄必然经历诸多考验一样,富兰克林同样面对一切可能的挑战。”富兰克林也非常努力,“学徒期间,他早晨上班前读书,晚上下班后读书,礼拜天全日制读书,甚至饭间休息也挤出时间学算术。”
2、严于律己是富兰克林自我完善的法宝。
“富兰克林对新世界的道德操守提出了自己朴素的看法,他认为道德是建立个人与社会幸福的关键。”所以,富兰克林是一个道德高尚的人,有很高的道德操守。1931年,富兰克林提出了他平生的第一个公益计划,建立一个图书馆,用以改善美国人民日常生活的会话、交谈,使得普通的工人,农民变得如其他一些国家的大多数人一样文明、聪明。
在书中他还列出了当时他认为值得和必须做到的十三种德行:节制(食不过饱,饮酒不醉);少言(言必于人于己有益,避免无益的闲聊);秩序(每样东西应放在一定的地方,每件事物应有一定的时限);决心(当做必做,决定之事,持之不懈);节俭(于人于己有利之事方可花费勿浪费一切东西);勤勉(勿浪费时间,时刻做些有用的事杜绝一切不必要的行动);诚实(不虚伪骗人,思想要公正纯洁,讲话亦如此);公正(不做有损他人的事,不要忘记你应尽的义务,做对人有益之事);中庸(不走极端,容忍别人给的伤害,将此视作应当承受之事);清洁(力求身体衣服和住所整洁);镇静(勿因小事、平常或不可避免的事故而惊慌失措);节欲(为了健康和生育后代起见,不常行房事,切忌过度伤体,以免损害自己或他人的安宁与名誉);谦虚(效法耶稣和苏格拉底)。
富兰克林善于正确看待对手、合理利用朋友资源、善于化不利因素为有利因素、善于树立良好的公共形象等。富兰克林认为,虽然对手对自己的事业造成压力和阻力,但若能理性地看待对手,吸收其优点,并借鉴其缺点,就能获得更大的进步。朋友就是人际关系网,合理利用人际关系网是富兰克林成功的一个重要因素。富兰克林具有超出常人的洞察力,能充分利用人际关系网。化不利因素为有利因素可谓是他处世哲学的最好说明。在富兰克林要连任议会秘书时,一名新议员发表了反对他连任的演说,并且推荐了别人。这位新议员是“一位有钱的、受过教育的绅士”,在议会里比较有影响力,富兰克林就想结交这位朋友,把不利因素化为有利因素。“但是富兰克林并未简单地奉承讨好,而是以向这位议员借书的方式,煞费苦心地向这位议员主动示好并争取他的‘主动帮助’,事后又表示出特别感动。最后终于‘拉拢’这位‘权杖’朋友。”富兰克林谦恭、中庸的处世技巧,隐藏了锋芒,创造了“人和”的局面。他认为:“把自己打扮成一项有益的计划的倡导者是并不聪明的。当人们抱着各种目的需要别惹帮助时,一定要牢记:万万不能让
人们认为你想在公众中出任头地,沽名钓誉。因此,我尽最大努力不那样做。”此外,富兰克林还善于巧妙地打造个人形象,赢得公众的好感。
二、民主与平等的信念
《富兰克林自传》表明富兰克林坚定的民主与平等信念,在美洲新世界这块充满机遇的大土地上,任何人都能够通过艰苦奋斗和明智的运筹而致富和成功,“一个有相当才能的人可以造成巨大的变革,可以在人世间成就伟大的事业。”
福兰克林是酷爱和平和自由的,他和杰斐谁共同起草了美国独立宣言,“所有的人生来都是平等的”这句名言至今仍然有其深畏的意义。福兰克林在这宣言公布的第二天(1775年7月5日)就写信给他原来的英国朋友斯脱来亨说:“你是英国国会裁员,而你是站在要毁灭我的国家的一边。你们已经在我们的城市里放火,屠杀我们的人民。看看你的双手吧,它是染满了你的亲属的血啊!我和你从前是好朋友,现在你是我的仇敌!”这是多么严正的态度。富兰克林在北美独立战争结束后去巴黎担任美国胜法大使,当时他已是71岁的高龄了,但他仍努力取得国际援助,和法国定了同盟条约。这一条约对美国独立战争的胜利是起了极大的作用的。虽然在“富兰克林自传”中对他在1757年以后的活动情况没有能够写下去,但富南克林的伟大的政治家的风度,爱好和平、自由的热情以及他在美国独立战争中建立的不朽功勋,始终是为广大人民所称颂的。
18世纪的北美洲各殖民地,虽然其形式有所不同,但在政治和经济上都受着英国严格控制,民族经济和文化发展缓慢。富兰克林为了顺应殖民地民族经济和文化发展的需要,首先产生了统一各殖民地的思想。
纵观美利坚合众国的诞生过程,我们将会发现在每一重大事件上,都留下了富兰克林奔波的足迹,洒一下过他辛勤的汗水,“这个国家中没有比他为促进诸州的联合所做的贡献更多,他是邦联最早的倡议者,并为之不断地工作。”富兰克林对美利坚合众国的杰出贡献,使他成为“美国拱门上的冠石。”在美国独立革命史上当与华盛顿、杰佛逊齐名。
1754年北美7个殖民地的代表在奥尔巴尼召开有关军事问题的会议。富兰克林在这个会议上提出了第一个北美殖民地联盟的方案—“奥尔巴尼联盟计划”。按照这个计划,殖民地组成联盟,建立一个联邦式的政府。联盟政府的行政长官—总主席由英国指派,各殖民地选派代表组成联盟的立法机关—大参事会,总主席可以按照大参事会的意见来决定宣战、缔约、司法和财政等重大问题。¹但该计划由于英王认为它过于“民主”而被否定,各殖民地代表又认为它“特权”过大未加支持,致使联盟计划流产。
富兰克林提出的这个计划并不是想使美洲殖民地从英帝国的统治之下独立出来,它是在政治上、军事上联合各殖民地的一个计划。“它所包含的一些胚芽后来在美国宪法中得以确立,„„它是一次温和行为的试验。”º的确,这项计划虽未获成功,却表现出富兰克林有政治远见,走在了时代的前头,它唤起了美利坚民族的觉醒,计划的内容开始深入人心,在美洲殖民地这块封冻着的土地上犁开了一条裂缝,播进了自治、独立的种子。
在富兰克林先进思想的影响下,随着殖民地民族经济和文化的发展,殖民地人民和殖民地议会对于平等自由权利的要求日趋强烈,反对总督特权统治的斗争与日俱增。富兰克林的独立革命思想是随着殖民池民族经济毛,文化的发展以及反对英国殖民政策的深入而逐步产生、形成的。作为美利坚民族的典范人物,富兰克林在启蒙并导引北美殖民地人民觉醒、独立的进程中,始终走在时代的前列。
三、富兰克林的美国梦
作为美国第一部现代自传,《富兰克林自传》 在美国文学史上有着重要地位。它详细记载了富兰克林在北美商业和政治环境下的奋斗和进步。更重要的是,它创造了个人事业成功的原型。”“富兰克林在这部自传中,回顾了他自我奋斗的一段历史,实际上也是用自己的经历说明了美国梦的内涵。”他出身社会下层,是一个没有受过正规教育的印刷厂学徒,但是他不甘贫贱,通过努力,他学到印刷技术,后来自己办了印刷厂,又创办了报纸,挣得了财富。他有强烈的求知欲,坚持自学数十年,成为一个知识非常渊博的人。他还以很大的兴趣投入刚刚开始的电学研究,并且在这一领域取得重大成就。他也热心公益事业,得到公众的信任,当选为费城市议员。他努力提高自己的道德修养,每天对照检查自己的不足,道德水准不断提升,赢得了人们的尊重和爱戴。富兰克林自传里出现的就是这样一位积极的、有理想的政治活动家,一位通过奋斗获得成功的实业家,一位走在时代前列、不断进步的大众思想家。美国梦是指通过完善自身、努力奋斗获得财富和名望的精神。美国人相信,只要勇于付出,就可以过上自己想要的生活。这种看法就是我们所谓的狭义的“美国梦”:“个人通过自我奋斗而获得成功的梦想。”富兰克林无疑为“美国梦”做了最好的注释:白手起家,最终成为最有影响的上层人,不仅富可敌国,而且德高望重。
富兰克林 1706 年出生在一个贫穷的清教家庭。他一生恪守清教所提倡的勤劳、简朴和节制等信条,坚信美国这个新世界充满了机会,任何人只要通过努力工作,合理管理,善于经营,就能摆脱贫困,建立丰功伟业“,只要有一定能力,人们一定能改变现状,铸成大业”。富兰克林被称为18 世纪美国的实业家、科学家、社会活动家、思想家和外交家,并且在各个领域都做出了极大的成就。他出身寒微,10 岁便辍学回家做工,12 岁起在印刷所当学徒、帮工。自己创办了印刷所,且其业务涉及到几个州以及西印度群岛,成为北美洲印刷出版行业中的佼佼者。他在自然科学领域的成就更加斐然。他的研究领域涉及光学、热学、声学、数学、海洋学、植物学等,有以避雷针为代表的一系列发明创造。他还积极的参加社会政治活动并投身于美国的独立战争去,成为唯一一个在四份美国建国的重要文件上签字的人,并被后人称为“美国之父”。
富兰克林通过自己的努力向世人证明尽管他出身贫寒,却终能获得成功,并获得了相当的财富、力量和名声。富兰克林的精神是美国清教主义传统中务实以奉上帝的思想代表,是北美移民开拓精神的继续和“美国梦”的集中体现,是同代人和后继者不断探索和追求的目标象征。他的思想浓缩成美国梦,成为美国人的信条和精神支柱。毫无疑问,因为有富兰克林的思想,美国梦得到了最强大的思想支撑,那便是获得物质上的成功。
总结:从《富兰克林自传》可以知道,富兰克林在美国乃至世界的地位极其重要。他的成功是美国梦的代表,他积极乐观,永不放弃,以他清教徒的思想改变着当时的世界。追求民主自由和平,在政治经济文化科技等诸多领域做出了伟大的贡献,是时代的楷模,精神领袖。
参考文献: 《富兰克林自传与美国精神序》杨正润
《读富兰克林自传》林星
《富兰克林和美国精神——富兰克林自传的现实意义》王羽青
《富兰克林及其自传》李瑞林
《富兰克林在外交上对北美独立战争的贡献》蒋维忠
《论富兰克林在美国独立史上的地位》牛宏伟
《浅析美国梦的两面性》赵靓靓
《民族之父的身份认同<富兰克林自传>的叙事学解读》金涛
《身份的寓言<富兰克林自传>的结构分析》赵白生
《语境形式与神话<富兰克林自传>的叙事时间与身份构建》刘江
一、殖民地时代和美国建国初期
最早来自这片新大陆的欧洲移民主要是定居在新英格兰的清教徒和马萨诸塞的罗马天主教徒,二者虽然在教义上有很多不同之处,但他们都信奉加尔文主义:人生在世只是为了受苦受难,而他们唯一的希望是争做上帝的“选民”,死后进天国,相信“原罪”。这时的文学作品也主要反映了这些思想,和欧洲文学一脉相承。
代表作家:考顿·马瑟,乔纳森·爱德华兹,安妮·布拉兹特里特,爱德华·泰勒。
二、18世纪独立战争胜利后,美国经济社会进入稳步发展时期
这一时期是启蒙主义文学运动的时期,主要文学指导思想是“自然神论(”Deism),强调理性,认为“宇宙的运动始于上帝”;自然万物是“神的体现”,人生在世,不再是受苦受难以换取来世的新生,而是要消灭种族、性别和信仰的不平等,建立自己的“人间乐园”。
主要特点:作家多是美国独立战争的积极拥护者和参加者;文学指导思想除了自然神论之外还有“唯理主义”和“新古典主义”,18世纪末还开始萌发了“早期浪漫主义”;文学种类主要有历史、日记和政论,也有诗歌,讽刺小品和劝人向善的故事,18世纪末还产生了话剧。
启蒙运动中出现大量优秀的散文作品,并多出自开国元勋之手,如本杰明·富兰克林,托马斯·潘恩,以及托马斯·杰斐逊。
三、19世纪南北战争时期
这一时期的文学先后发展了浪漫主义,现实主义和自然主义。
浪漫主义:18世纪70年代-19世纪30年代是浪漫主义发展的初期,南北战争前30年(1830-1860)为极盛时期,南北战争后10年逐渐衰微并向现实主义过度。浪漫主义注重“想象”、“激情”和“个性解放”,认为人本质是善良的,铲除邪恶和拯救人类的手段是抛弃一切传统束缚,摧毁一切陈规陋习而回归到“自然的原始状态中去。超验主义是其一分支,强调“天人合一”,认为上帝、人类和自然都是“超灵”的组成部分。
代表作家及作品:爱默生《自然》,索罗《瓦尔登湖》,霍桑《红字》,麦尔维尔《白鲸》,惠特曼《草叶集》。
现实主义:是美国政治、经济发展的必然产物,西部开拓运动、工业化、科学技术的进步都促进了其发展。现实主义的作家一般为实用主义和民主主义的信徒,他们追求和反映的是具有显而易见效果并被经验证实了的相对真理,他们创作题
材的是普通人平常事,是中产阶级艺术的最高表现。
豪威尔斯是现实主义的奠基人,他发现了马克·吐温,鼓励和帮助了亨利·詹姆斯,影响了自然主义作家弗兰·克诺里斯和斯蒂芬·克莱恩。
自然主义:是现实主义的发展和继续,是现实主义与19世纪科学所强调的“分析法”和“因果律”互相结合的产物,有时被称为“悲观的现实主义”,认为人是一种软弱无能的动物,被置于机械化的世界汇总而成为这一世界中难以驾御的几种势力(包括环境、自然、遗传等)的牺牲品
其里程碑是:19世纪70、80年代左拉的小说的出版,90年代克莱恩的《红色英勇徽章》,1900年德莱塞《嘉莉妹妹》,1912年《金融家》,1925年《美国的悲剧》。
四、20世纪美国文学经历了两次世界大战,跨越了三个时代
a)斯文时代(1880-1914,The Genteel Age):这是一个跨世纪的,美国经济繁荣的时代。此时的美国文学与欧洲文学之间有着某种暧昧关系,本质上是欧洲式的和美国的小欧洲新英格兰式的。此时以西奥多·罗斯福为代表的民族主义在文学上有着强烈的反映,人们还念念不忘美国与欧洲的文化联系与差异。
b)爵士时代(1918-1929, The Jazz Age):一战后,产生了一代不受约束,幻想破灭了和玩世不恭的年青人,被格特鲁德·斯坦因称为“迷惘的一代”。
c)经济萧条时代(1929-1941,The Depression Era):20年代的玩世不恭的态度在此时转化为一种愤愤不平的悲观主义,30年代美国文学转向了“社会抗议文学”,“心理之学”和追求人的精神世界。
美国文学先后经历了现代主义,和后现代主义思潮:
现代主义:一战后到50年代,是一场自觉地反传统的文学艺术运动,表现无意识的荒谬心态,如斯坦因,乔伊斯的小说,运用意识流的手法,如福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》和《我弥留之际》;在组织构架上偏爱用神话,如艾略特的《荒原》,庞德的《诗章》,乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》;风格上以“意象”为主,语言上主张简洁、准确;题材上主要反映一战参与者的生活、思想、感情和前途命运,如多斯珀索斯的《三个士兵》,海明威的《太阳照样升起》,《永别了,武器》,描写了精神崩溃与幻想破灭的一代人。
邪恶是这是文学的主要题材之一,艾略特、弗罗斯特、奥尼尔、卡明斯、埃利森的作品中都有体现。
后现代主义:在二战后,纳粹极权主义大屠杀、原子弹、自然环境的破坏、世界人口过剩和饥荒造成西方人的精神摧残与危机,作家继续进行现代主义反传统的文艺实验,而且企图与当时业已形成规范的现代主义文艺形式决裂。后现代主义
主张否定社会秩序,表现支离破碎的世界,认为文艺批评就是现象学形式的理论。此时,美国黑人文学,犹太文学,南方文学,反战文学和女权主义文学竞相发展。
小说家托马斯·品钦,诗人西尔维亚·普莱斯,戏剧家艾玛穆·阿米里·巴拉卡为典型的后现代主义作家。
索尔·贝娄,艾伦·金斯伯格,拉尔夫·埃里森,田纳西·威廉斯,阿瑟·密勒和爱德华·阿尔比是从现代主义向后现代主义过渡的著名作家。
20世纪美国文学的两个特征:
1.现代主义作家一般是反对传统观念而提倡“个人主义”的或者说他们打破了美国社会、道德和文学的常规。
Features of American Literature美国文学的3大特征
1.Freedom
2.Individuality
3.American dream(Equal opportunity)= to be self-made & to be strive to success
Characters of Puritans 清教徒的4种品质
Hard work刻苦Thrift俭朴Piety虔诚Sobriety节制
Belief of Protestant 新教信仰
Original sin原罪
Total depravity彻底堕落
Predestination天意
Limited Atonement from God’s grace少数人得救赎
Transcendentalism 超验主义
The recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively
The Lost Generation 迷惘的一代
What the Lost Generation had lost was its sense of being a part of American society.The Roaring Twenties 喧嚣的二十年代
It is also called “The Jazz age”.It was widespread affluence and conspicuous consumption.So, more emphasis on fun and less on duty become a part of the daily scene.作家作品、思想主旨、语句出处、评论
Book I
Benjamin Franklin本杰明•富兰克林(1706-1790)
Poor Richard’s Almanac穷理查历书
The Autobiography自传
The Way to Wealth致富之道
Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文(1783-1859)
The Sketch Book见闻札记
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说
Rip Van Winkle瑞普•凡•温克尔
James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀(1789-1851)Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集
The Pioneer拓荒者
The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人
The Deer slayer杀鹿者
英美文学V1.31卢诗聪
The Prairie大草原
Philip Freneau菲利普•弗伦诺(1752-1832)
The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲
The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花
评论:If nothing once, you nothing lose
For when you die you are the same
The space between, is but an hour
The frail duration of a flower
The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地
出处:And Reason’s chief shall bow the knee to shadows and delusions here.William Cullen Bryant威廉•柯伦•布莱恩特(1794-1878)Thanatopsis死亡随想
出处:Earth, that nourished thee, shall claim thy growth, to be resolved to earth again.评论:The gay will laugh
When thou art gone, the solemn brood of care
Plod on, and each one as before will chase
His favorite phantom;yet all these shall leave
To a Waterfowl致水鸟
出处:Lone wandering, but not lost.Edgar Allan Poe埃德加•爱伦•坡(1809-1849)主旨思想:Nothingness
The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌
The Cask of Amontillado一桶白葡萄酒
Israfel伊斯拉菲尔
Annabel Lee安娜贝尔•李
To Hellen致海伦
The Raven乌鸦
Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔•霍桑(1804-1864)
主旨思想:He was an anatomist of “the interior of the heart”.Hawthorne seems to question
whether people do learn form experience.He believed human are evil.Dr.Heidegger’s Experiment海德格尔医生的实验
Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事
Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔
The Scarlet Letter红字
The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子
Book II
Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生(1803-1882)
主旨思想:He believed in Transcendentalism(超验主义).1.Nature was ennobling, commerce was degrading.2.The individual soul could reach God.He thought people should live a life like.1.be self-reliant and at the same time unselfish.2.There was greatness in us all.Nature论自然
The American Scholar论美国学者
Self-reliance论自立
评论:There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is
ignorance;that imitation is suicide;that he must take himself for better, for worse, as his portion;that thought the wide universe is full of good, no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till.出处:1.Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.2.Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind.3.To be great is to be misunderstood.Henry David Thoreau亨利•大卫•梭罗(1817-1862)主旨思想:1.People should live instead of working for a living.2.If people thought a law was unjust they could resist it by civil disobedience.Walden瓦尔登湖
Civil Disobedience非暴力抵抗
A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers康科德和梅里马克河上的一周 Life without Principle无原则的生活
出处:1.You must get your living by loving.2.Did God direct us so to get our living, digging where we never planted?
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利•沃兹沃思•朗费罗(1807-1882)主旨思想:HomeFamilyNatureReligion
A Psalm of Life人生礼赞
The Hymn of the Night夜的颂歌
The Secret of the Sea海之秘密
出处:Only those who brave its dangers comprehend its mystery.Walt Whitman沃尔特•惠特曼(1819-1892)主旨思想: FreedomIndividualityDemocracy(about man and nature)
Leaves of Grass草叶集
Song of Myself自我之歌
There Was a Child Went Forth从前有个出门的孩子
I hear America Singing我听见美利坚在歌唱
出处:Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else.Emily Dickinson埃米莉•迪金森(1830-1886)
The Poems of Emily Dickinson埃米莉•迪金森诗集
Success成功
评论:Success is counted sweetest
By those who never succeed
To comprehend a nectar
Requires sorest need
Not one of all the purple host
who took the flag today
can tell the definition
so clear of victory
As he defeated dying
on whose forbidden ear
the distant strains of triumph
Break agonized and clear
Much Madness Is the Divinest Sense理性与疯狂
I’m Nobody, Who Are You?我是无名小卒,你是谁?
Mark Twain马克•吐温(Samuel Longhorne Clemens)主旨思想:He made a combination of American folk humor and serious literature.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记
The Gilded Age镀金时代
Life on the Mississippi密西西比河上的生活
评论:”A man loses as well as gains by learning a trade”
I had made a valuable acquisition.But I had lost something, too.I had lost something which could never be restored to me while I lived.Book III
Theodore Dreiser西奥多•德莱塞(1871-1945)
主旨思想:Dreiser was more concerned with society’s effect on a person.Man is the product of
social processes, only the fittest can survive.Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹
An American Tragedy美国的悲剧
Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer, The Titan, The Stoic)
Edward Arlington Robinson爱德华•阿灵顿•罗宾森(1869 – 1935)
主旨思想:Robinson is best known statement on the hollowness of conventional success.Illustrate
men’s individualized response to a life.Success is measured by the intensity and integrity of one’s struggle;failure consists only in a lack of effort.Richard Cory理查德•考瑞
评论:What other people think and feel is not as important as what a person himself believes.Miniver Cheevy米尼弗•奇维
评论:The survival value for the unsuccessful people is delusion plus drink.Mr.Flood’s Party弗勒德先生的晚会
Carl Sandburg卡尔•桑德堡(1878-1967)
主旨思想:He saw greatness in ordinary man He was called the echoes of 19th century idealism.The Harbor港口
I Am the People, the Mob我是人民,是民众
F.Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯•菲茨杰拉德(1896-1940)
主旨思想:He epitomizes the Roaring Twenties, or called the spokesman of the Jazz Age.He
knew that between the peaks of joy were periods of sorrow.Wanting to be happy does not insure one’s being so that pursuit of entertainment may only cover a lot of pain.The Side of Paradise人间天堂
The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比
Tender in the Night夜色温柔
The Last Tycoon最后的巨头
John Steinbeck约翰•斯坦贝克(1902-1966)
主旨思想:He epitomizes the Great Depression.Tortilla Flat煎饼房
In Dubious Battle胜负未定
Of Mice and Men鼠和人
The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄
Book IV
Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特•海明威(1899-1961)
主旨思想:He mainly expresses courage and endurance of man.Also his subjects were often war
and its effects on people like the Suffering that war can bring.The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起
Farewell to Arms永别了,武器
For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣
The Old Man and the Sea老人与海
In Another Country在异乡
评论:The tragedies of life can not really be remedied.The wounded soldiers in this story are separated from:
1.Their homeland
2.The war
3.Other groups of people
Robert Frost罗伯特•弗罗斯特(1874-1963)After Apple-picking摘苹果之后
Mending Wall修墙
主旨思想:The Wall in the poem means all the things that separated one human being from
another, all the things in life that keep us from loving our fellow man.出处:Good fences make good neighbors.The Road Not taken没有选择的道路
主旨思想:We must make a decision.We must decide which way to go.This is a universal
dilemma.出处:I took the one less travel by,And that has made all the differences.Fire and Ice火与冰
主旨思想:Life, as poet saw it, is full of apparent paradoxes: tragic & hilariously comic, beautiful
& ugly, chaotic & unified.And world will be destroyed by human’s hate and desire.练习卷答案
S2-C B D C B A
S3-A D B A C D
S4-C B A D A
S5-B D C A C
S6-D C A B B
S7-A C D A B
S8-A D B B C
S9-C A B C D
考试样题:
Final Exam
I.Identify the following works by giving the FULL names of the writers.(30%)
(判断所给出文章的作者,全名,不能有拼写错误。)
Poor Richard’s Almanac_________________________
The Cask of Amontillado_________________________
II.Choose the answer that fits best for each statement.(50%)
(单选,有作家、作品、出处、主旨思想等内容。)
“Fire And Ice” is the work of ______.A.FrostB.DickinsonC.SandburgD.Emerson
III.IDENTIFY the following extractions first and give YOUR OWN COMMENTS of no less than 100 words.(20%)
(文学评论。)
【美国文学读书报告】推荐阅读:
美国人的读书态度07-01
美国学生是怎么读书的07-27
经典文学《了不起的盖茨比》读书笔记10-02
文学名著《麦田里的守望者》读书笔记10-19
赴美国学习考察报告10-02
美国社区学院教育考察报告范文10-19
美国:在线研究生教育研究报告10-16
外国文学论文开题报告07-12
英美文学类开题报告参考10-09
文学院毕业论文开题报告05-27