全英文周记（共8篇）
After learning the disciple rule, I felt very touched by me, which made me understand how to handle things for people. It is significant for a child like me, especially for my future life and learning.
I understand that in this era, we need to inherit and carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. As a child, we should repay our parents, respect our elders and care for our elders. Do the humble comity, seniority. To change the arrangement of priority, listen to their elders. No matter who we are, we should care for each other, love and respect each other. No one is perfect. No matter how good a person is, no one will have his weak side. Others should not be promoted everywhere. Mercy, yidefuren. They keep a promise inviolate. Be honest with people. In a word, the principle of the disciple is a lifelong benefit to me. I always remind myself and improve myself.
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Ema il:a nge lwlj@126.com
Are you calling me
One day,I buried my head into a pile of books,reading attentively.All of a sudden,I heard someone calling my name at the top of her voice.It sounded like my mother,who was calling me for dinner.So I answered her very loudly.However1,she kept on calling and it really annoyed me.Rising from the chair,I put down the book and banged the door open,looking around.Guess what?My neighbour was chasing after her kitty,calling her name repeatedly.
Clothing shop
One day,I felt so awful after a long sho2pping.But when I spotted a clothing shop,I came in without hesitation and started my picking automatically.Satisfied,I picked an article of clothing and asked a salesassistant for help.Out of my surprise,she gave it to me unwillingly,wearing a curious smile.Embarrassed,I looked around and only found it was a clothing shop for boys.
Fashion model
When it comes to shopping,my mother is undoubtedly a super woman.However,scanning many of kinds of clothes made me tired and lose my bhapmearaoadotiduueennatildnf.cuilet.mhS eehpyeOstuellsaenreehes atht3od,ed sIta.oy buc,eaAc emlhlnwiehto.fae pcHnoarroo tnsrwIs a esyuvase edhfdrdao,sphe onwpi,inoetnl hdyI when I extended my hand,the still and delicate model should start to blink.Oh,my God!She was a being.
Shopping online
[关键词]研究生;高等钻井工程;英文教学;教学改革
[中图分类号] H319 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-3437（2016）11-0083-03
一、前言
随着世界石油工业的发展对人才的要求越来越高，石油高校必须适应世界石油工业发展的需要，努力培养创新型和国际化人才，以促进中国石油工业的发展，实现建设创新型国家的目的。[1] [2]培养创新型人才已成为高等教育必须承担的主要任务。钻井工程是集中钻井液优化、地层压力、钻井参数、轨迹测量及计算、井身结构等课程内容的综合性的工科课程，与油气井产能的提高和油田整体开发经济效益密切相关，近年来日益受到了行业的广泛关注与重视。[3]钻井工程课程涵盖钻井工程地质条件、钻井工具、钻井液、钻井参数优选、井眼轨道设计与控制、固井和完井等多方面内容。[4]中国石油大学（北京）正在加快建立“全面建设石油石化学科领域世界一流研究型大学”的发展目标，今年在石油工程学院组建硕士研究生班级，开展石油工程学院主干学科的全英文课程。
二、教学内容建设和教材的优选
通过对国际一流高校钻井工程及相关课程内容体系的充分调研，基于当前外籍教授讲授的全英文课程，要进一步完善课程体系和教学内容，将国际上钻井工程的最前沿知识引入课堂，拓展学生视野与知识层次。将课堂精讲、概述和课外自学有机结合，使教师能够在保证教学质量的前提下，有效完成教学计划。同时，为了理论密切结合现场实际，课件和多媒体将更多的体现当今现代钻井工程作业的现场图片，建立较完善的高等钻井工程视频库（英文版），使学生能够生动形象的学习高等钻井工程的重点内容。
在教材更新方面，Mitchell和Miska[5]（2011）编写的《Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering》一书便是一个成功的例子。1986年由Bourgoyne等出版的《Applied Drilling Engineering》一书得到了行业内的广泛认可，成为钻井工程的“红宝书”。但是，近20年钻井工业飞速发展（包括许多经验公式逐渐由理论公式替代，水平井、大位移井、海洋钻井发展，计算机辅助技术发展等），但老版的“红宝书”对新知识、新技术却缺乏介绍。而2011年出版的《Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering》一书，是对老版经典教材的继承与发展，其中增加了很多反映钻井工业发展的新内容。中国石油大学（北京）采用的“十五”国家级规划教材《钻井工程理论与技术》[6]出版于15年前，亟待相关专家教师的更新。
三、教学方法优化
吸收国外知名院校的先进教学理念与方法，逐步探索高等钻井工程课程全英语教学模式，提高英语教学质量;探索以能力为本位的教学理念，改革教学方法，逐步改进“灌输式”的传统教学方式，在教学过程多采用启发、诱导的方式，充分调动和发挥学生的积极性、主动性;设置专题研讨，强化创新性思维，提高学生英语表达能力和理论联系实际能力。可重点关注以下三个方面。
（一）积极开展研究性、创新性教学
以培养创新人才为目标，优化教学方法，课堂教学讨论和课下自学相结合，及时将钻井工程领域最新科研成果转化为教学内容，使学生及时了解到钻井工程的发展前沿，引导学生的创新兴趣，培养创新精神和思维。
（二）借力国际上现代钻井工程的优势教育资源
搭建钻井工程的全英文课程体系和教学内容，丰富和完善研究生的国际化培养环境，培养具有国际视野的钻井工程创新人才。
（三）转变考核方式，调动自主学习积极性
在常规教学环节的基础上，增加“课堂讨论”、“文献调研大作业”、“课堂测验”等考核方式。在提高学生学习积极性的同时，提高课程知识的衔接性。
四、高等钻井工程全英文课程实施效果评价
对学生进行问卷调查和评教是评价课程实施效果的主要手段，能及时为教师反思教学方法、更正问题、总结经验和建立与咨询专家沟通的媒介。为促使学生积极参与问卷，我们采用在微信群中发送电子调查问卷的方式，让学生用手机轻松填写并提交问卷。本次教学实践为开课调查和结课调查。开课调查发布在第一次课后，结课调查发布于期末考试后。开课调查结果如表1所示。
虽然学校早已开展双语课，而且少数学生在本科阶段作为交换生到国外进行过短期学习，但从表1可知，大部分学生还是觉得全英文课对英文能力的要求更高，听说读写较困难;同时期望通过课程提高英语能力和掌握高等钻井工程专业知识，并拉近与国际学生的差距。此外，许多学生还建议对重点、难点及部分专业词汇通过中英文对照教材不断温习方式解决。教师也需要在后续课程中对讲解方式适当做出调整，针对重点概念和方法采用课堂讨论交换意见的方式提高学习的语言表达和理解能力。部分结课调查结果如表2所示。
从表2可知，96%的学生认同高等钻井工程全英文课的教学方式，大多数人喜欢欧美化的教学方式和课堂氛围。同时，仍旧有不少学生感觉英文听说读写较为困难，尤其对认为考试难度较大，这也体现在期末考试的反馈情况上。事后通过微信和学生多次交流和讨论，发现学生感觉最难的部分集中在概念题和问答题上，核心的问题仍然是语言能力欠缺。
该门课程仅仅试验了一学期，还有较大的提升空间，比如建立高等钻井工程课程的专门网站，开拓除课堂以外的第二教学平台，提供教学资源和网络互动模块[7]，使学生能够在接收课堂知识不够充分的情形下寻求网络教学资源作为补充。同时，还需要全校在多个专业的重点课程不断加强全英文教学模式，提高学生的国际化思维和互动，培养学生成为国际化石油创新人才。
五、国内外师资团队建设和年青教师的培养
吸收引进青年教师，增强导师队伍的创新能力建设，强化“人才培养是教师第一学术责任”的指导理念，培养一批学术思维活跃、创新能力突出的青年教师进入高等钻井工程教学队伍。积极探索构建国际化人才培养体系，在国际化办学、国际化科研合作和国际化师资队伍建设方面，学校可以大力引进海外归国博士，努力推进英文教学。[8] [9]同时，邀请国外知名高校的钻井工程专家来校访问、授课，丰富和完善本科生与研究生的国际化培养环境，培养具有国际视野的钻井工程创新人才。
六、考核和评价办法优化
转变考核方式，调动自主学习积极性。在完成平时作业和期末考试等环节的基础上，增加课堂讨论、文献调研大作业、课堂测验等考核方式。随堂测验主要指每节课结束时提出课后预习的内容，并在下节课的随堂测验考核。这种方法在提高学生学习积极性的同时，也提高了课程知识的衔接性。组织了两次讨论课，以教师、助教和学生充分互动的形式，集中时间帮助学生解决普遍性的疑难问题，同时激发学生深入学习力学知识的兴趣。课后通过发放在线调查问卷的形式，第一时间了解学生对课程的反馈意见，积极采纳他们关于课堂教学方式的合理建议。
七、结论
首先，国外高校钻井工程研究生课程涵盖面比较广，可以满足不同层次和不同背景下学生的要求，课程考核方式较为多样化，各方面的考核对提高学生综合能力发挥了积极的作用。
其次，教育管理者可从顶层设计层面出发，增强国际化的师资，塑造国际化的氛围，培养国际化的思维，同时通过培训、建议和考核教学人员的方式不断提高全英文授课水平。
再次，学校管理层、辅导员和授课教师应当进一步营造学习英语语言的环境，鼓励学生大胆在课堂上用英文交流，培养学生阅读英文教材和英文文献的习惯，努力使石油工程的教学质量向欧美发达国家看齐，并探索建立国际化石油人才培养体系。
[ 参 考 文 献 ]
[1] 张来斌.服务国家重大战略积极培养国际化石油人才[J].中国高等教育，2009（Z3）：40-42.
[2] 蒋庆哲.改革创新攻坚克难扎实推进石大国际化战略的实施[J].世界教育信息，2013（5）：66-68.
[3] 李明忠，姚军，杜殿发.石油工程专业人才培养模式改革与实践[J].高等教育，2010（2）：77-79.
[4] 冯福平，艾池，李士斌，殷代印.钻井工程课程设计教学方法的改进[J].石油教育，2012（2）：91-92.
[5] Mitchell，R.，Miska，S..Fundamentals of Drilling Engineering[M].Society of Petroleum Engineers，Richardson，TX，2011.
[6] 陈庭根，管志川，刘希圣.钻井工程理论与技术[M].中国石油大学出版社，2000.
[7] 吴云芳，谈广鸣，梅亚东，周伟.全英文水利工程专业人才培养的研究与实践[J].大学教育，2015（2）：92-97.
[8] 张来斌.深入实施国际化战略，加快高水平大学建设[J].世界教育信息，2013（5）：49-55.
[9] 张来斌.面向中国石油工业，探索国际化人才培养体系[J].大学（学术版），2012（9）：53-58.
Good afternoon, teachers, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my lesson with you.The content of my lesson is Senior English Book 4 Unit 1（A student of african wildlife/Why not carry on the good work）I’ll be ready to begin this lesson from five parts.Analysis of the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods, the teaching procedure,and Blackboard design.First, let me talk about the teaching material.Part 1 Teaching Material: This unit is about（Great women and their achievements , Important people,history and methods of agriculture, Different types of English humour ,Culture differences and intercuritural communication Different types of theme park）
By studying of this unit, we’ll enable the students to know some great women and their achievement and what makes the great women successful
The knowledge of farming and DrYuan Longping’achivevment
And chemical farming and organic farming.Charlie Chaplin and his funny and encourageing humour
People from different area have differert body language and use the right body language to showing our feelings.Theme park not only provid fun but also provid various knowledeg and exciting experience.this lesson not only teach the students to learn the related matreial about
(1)the good character to be a successful person
(2)Yuan longping’s scientific research spirit and attitudes toward life
The disadvantage of using chemical frtilizers and how to increase production in organic farming.(3)Charlie Chaplin and his humour
English jokes
(4)Different body language and the similarutues in body language which make the others understand our feelings.(5)Theme park
but also learning ability in English.A：
If Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit well.B：
It provides all-around practice about listening, speaking, reading and writing revolve around the topic,it is the expansion of this unit and give Ss a space to use the language.So it plays an important part in the English teaching in this unit.（As we know ,reading belongs to the input during the process of the language learning.The input has great effect on output , such as speaking and writing.）According to the new standard curriculum and the syllabus(新课程标准和教学大纲), after studying the teaching material and analyzing the rule of children’s growing of mind,I think the teaching aims are the followings:
1.Knowledge objects:
Knowledge objects of this section are
(1)the sutdents can hear, read, and use the main sentence patterns.(2)the students can understand the content of the lesson:
(3)the students can use the patterns to express their thoughes in proper situation
and learn how to describe people with adjective.Ability objects:
Ability objects of this section are
(1)To develop the Ss’ abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing.Especially speaking and writing ability.高中英语说课稿http:///yingyu/gaozhongyingyu/
(2)To train the Ss’ ability of working in pairs.(4)To improve the Ss’ reading abilities ,especially their skimming and scanning ability.3.Emotion objects:
By reading
A Student of African wlidlife /why not carry on the good work, students can learn from
(1)jane Goodall in at least two aspects: one is what is the human way to study animal;the other is that it was her great personality-universal love and mercy that made her successful.Lin Qiaozhi in at least two aspects: one is what is the human way to help poor patients;the other is that it was her great personality-universal love and mercy that made her successful.(2)Dr Yuan Longping his scientific research spirit and attitudes toward life
This passage what is chemical and organic farming and their advantage and disadvant age.(3)Charlie Chaplin to be optimistic to face the life’s hardships and find out the covert funny of our life.this passage jokes and its great effect to make people laugh.(4)this passage the importance and necessity of body language
A
and its differences between different cultures.B
and how to use body language to show people’s feeling.(5)this passage learning knowledge have many ways , we can learn knowledge and play as well in the theme park or other special situation.What is the most difficult in teaching process? Can you guess? I say one of the teaching difficult is how to enable the students to use new words and phrases in proper situation all through their daily life.The students also find it difficult to describe their experience with the build logic and well organized language(and learn from Great women their good qualities.)
Well, how to achieve the teaching objects better, how to stress the important points and break through the difficult points? According to the analysis of the teaching material and the students’learning background ,I will use the following methods.Part 2 Teaching Methods:
“Communicative” Approach(交际教学法)，“Whole language teaching”(整体语言教学法)
and “Task-based” language teaching(任务教学法).That is to say, I’ll let the Ss to get a better understanding of the key structure of the dialogue.According to the modern social communication teaching theories(现代社会交际教学理论), I adopt the
Situtional Language Teaching method(情景教学)
Task-Based Language Teaching method(语言任务教学)
in my teaching.Part 3 Studying Methods:
Students of this stage are quick in thought and they are eager to show what they know and they have a certain ability to read.But they are lack of geography knowledge , the cultural background of those foreign countries and the courage to express they ideas.Therefore, Accessful leader should care for their learning strategy，in this lesson，I will teach my students to master the following strategy；
1）Basic learning strategy；
The students can get the meaning of the words and phrase
2）Practice strategy；
Practice can help the students get the general idea and have a better understanging of the language.And Communication strategy
In a ward, I’ll
1.Teach the students how to be successful language learners
2.Let the students pass ―Observation—Imitation—Prasctice‖ strategy to study language.Part 4 Teaching Procedure
New English proverb saids that the students are real master.In this lesson they are English learners and real master.So teacher should act as a guider, an organizer and a director who play a role when necessary in teaching procedure.Step 1 Lead-in.I think the most useful method to lead the students to learn is interest stimulating and discussion by themselves.1.At beginning I will let Ss to discuss: after a glance of the title and the pictures of this passage , what do you think the passage is about?(2.At beginning I will ask Ss which place they like most and what is it famous for.Then we will do the listening part to get some information and then do the following exercise)
(1)And let them to know something about the story of Jane goodall /lin qiaoyin and her full love activity.(2)And ask the following questions
A
What would you do if there was no rice to eat tomorrow?
Who do you think is the greastest hero for hungry people in the world.?
B
What do you know about farming?
What will you do to increase the crop production.?
(3)a And write down you idea in one senrence,then skim the passage to see if you are right.B And tell the Ss a funny joke.(4)a I will ask one student to make a gesture and let another student to guess what its meaning.B I will ask one student to use body language to express his feeling and let another student to guess what its meaning.(5)a what do you think a theme park is? With a classmate discuss what you might do in a theme park.B What exciting experience do you want to have?
Step 2 Reading
1)canning:Then studSents are going to read the passage as quickly as they can to find out the main idea and answer the following(/ture or false)questions
(1)a Who is the student?
What animals were observed?
B Who is the main character in this text?
What was her job?
Who was her small book intended for?
(2)a when and who become the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output?
What did Yuan Longping invent ?
B Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today?
What is organic farming?
(3)a 1)humor is always kind.F
2)charlie chaplin was born in a rich family
F
3)he solved a sad situation by using nonverbal humor
T
4)he ate the shoes bacause he thought that was very funny F
5)charlie chaplin devoted his whole life to making films T
B Then I will let students work in pairs to read the jokes in part one.paying attention to the rhythm and intonation
(4)a what did I do to the airport
did those international students have the same body language? If not ,give an example.B And perform the feelings you can find out in this passage to our classmates..(5)a What does dollywood mainly show and celebrates?
And in england’s Camelot park what can you experience?
B What theme park is mentioned in this passage and what is the theme park’s main content
2)Then we will come to the Close reading part : As we know , audio-visual method make the students have bettter understanding of the passage, so I play will the tape part by part to let my students to find out the the general idea of each paragraph and pick up their hand to give the answer.3)Then I will let students have a dissussion about the text ,then answer some questions in detial.(1)a(What was the writer doing in the forest?
What did she discover about chimps
How did jane try to protect the lives of chimps in their nature habitat?)and do exercise three.B And write down three of Lin Qiaozhi’s achievements then give the answer.(2)a(who is Yuan Longping? How much do you know about him?
What is his job? What are his achievement?
What do you think we can learn from him? Why?)
B What are some of the problems caused bu chemical fertilizers.How to keep the soil fertile in organic farming.(3)a 1)what is behind fun?
2)Why people like little Tramp?
3)Do you think charlie chaplin’s eating boiled shoes funny? why?
B Then do exercise.change the story into a dialogue and act it in groups of three—li ming ,wang fei and a narrator.pay special attention to the rhythm and intonation of what you say and try to bing out the humour.(4)a What people from colombia usually do when they meet people?
What is the france custom when adults meet people they know?
B What does smiling means to most people?
How to show that I am bored?
(5)a what activeties you can do in these three diffenent theme park?
B
What are three times and three places you can visit at Futuroscope?
And this(will make the students pay more attention to themselves and people around them and)check the S’s scanning which may be an important reading fields
The last reading is to emphasize and consolidate the new language of the section.I will play the tape and students are going to read the passage as to make the students to imitate the pronouncatin and intonation.After reading the students will have a discussion in pairs/ Ask and answer the following questions
(1)a about what make jane goodall and the other females great women.B 1.For whom and for which purpose did Lin Qiaozhi write a little book about how to look after babies? Why do you think it was nessary?
2.Why do you think the write chose to study at medical college?
(2)a What advantage and disadvantage do you see in Yuan Longping’s life? Would you like to have a life like his? Why?
B If you are a farmer which method would you choose? Why?
(3)a Why do you think charlie chaplin was so successful?
B What is the effort of jokes in our daily life?
(4)a And find out every country the writer mentioned with the according culture when people greet each other.B Why should we bu careful with our body language?
Why is it important to watch as well as listen to others?
(5)a If you have a chance to one of these three parks,which would you visit? Why?
B
And try to retell the first paragraph.This part can enable students to understand the given material better, to make the students grasp the useful phrases, grammar and sentences pattern for making suggestions and replying on the base of reading the dialogue fluently.Step 3 Learning about language
After reading, I will teach the students the passage in detials about vocabulary and grammar.1)new words: behave shade
observe respect argue
support
intend deliver
2)
phrase:
human being lead a …life crowd in
by chance
carry on
look down upon
For example devote oneself/sth to sb/sth
It means to give one’s time,energy to sb/sth;dedicate
He devoted his life to the promotion of world peace.3)grammar: Subject-verb agreement
There are two sentences in this lesson
„our group are all going to visit them in the forest
„.our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon
We can see from the sentences that the projcetes are the same but the
predicates are different.why ?
Because the former group means all of us ,it presents many people,the later group means the group as a whole,it is just one group.2.new words:struggle expand rid therefore export regret focus reduce comment
phrase: thanks to rid of be satisfied with
would rather
lead to fouce on keep…free from/of
structures: mainly about persuasion
I’d rather…
It’s better to …
I’d prefer …because….This is good value because …
A
Grammar:the –ing form as the subject and object
Be used as subject, we can find some sentences in this passage，for exanple:
Since then ,finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal
Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him
Just dreaming for things ,however,costs nothing
Be used as object, for exanple:
As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.Dr yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.B
Grammer :
Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.They demage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones
Organic farmers ,therefore, often prefer using nature waste from animals as fertilizer.3.new words:entertain overcome direct slid whisper react
phrase:up to now badly off pick out star in
pick off cut up cut down cut off
structures: the structures to express one’s emotions, such as
How wonderful!
It surprises me that….I couldn’t laughing when…
I don’t think that’t funny at all.Grammar: the –ing form as the predicative, attribute ,attribute and object complement.we can find some sentences in this passage，for exanple:
1.作表语as the predicative
The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!2.作定语as the attribute，He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.3.作宾语补足语as the attribute and object complement
How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining?
4.new words: represent approach defend likely ease
phrase: defend against be likely to in general ai ease
lose face turn one’s back to
structures: about prohibition , warnings and obligation,such as
do not…
keep away from …
be careful when…
you must…
you will need to….Grammar: the –ing form as the attribute and adverbial.we can find some sentences in this passage，for exanple:
3.作定语as the attributeer
„I saw several young people enter the waiting area….4.作语as the adverbial
I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.5.new words:theme swing preserve advance
phrase: be famous for no wander be moddelled after
in advance
get close to come to life
structures: about asking the way and giving direcions
where is the …?
Can you show me where….?
How can I get to …?
On the north/south/east/west side of the park
Follow the path to…..Grammar: we will learn three kinds of different vocabular they are word formation ,derivation ,conversion
for exanple:indoor outdoor southeasten horseback
supermarket
disagree enlarge amusement careful
water(n&v)don’t water the plants with dirty water
mind(n&v)hemazing has an a mind
I don’t mind having dog in the house ,if it is clean.B
In the passage there will be some vocabulary and structures that are different to guess their meaning and make compenhencen of this passage difficult to Ss.So I will give the words in the blackboard and let the Ss to fill in the blacks of sentences to express their precise meaning and usage.Then the students will do a pair work revolve around the vocabulary and grammar which they have just learned and make short dialogues with them.I will give them some minutes and ask some pairs to act their dialogue out in front of the whole class.Then we will deal with some exerises in the workbook to emphasize the new knowledge.Such as filling the missing words in the blanks.And retell the story in their own words.Of course, students will make some mistakes in retelling ,I will corrcet them in time.Step 4 Post-reading Practice
I say to learn is to use.After the reading, students will have some practices.It will be the most interesting part to students.why? Because I will leave students time to talk together.1.a The students are divided into several groups and there are four in each group with different roles.Student A will act as an ordinary person and say what makes it difficult to success.Student B will act as a great women who has the good character.Student C will act as a interviewer who ask Student B what makes her success.Student D will have a summarze.B The Ss will have a work in groups of four to descrebe Lin Qiaozhi’s character and quality.Such as kind helpful devoted hard-working
2.a The students are divided into several groups and there are four in each group with different roles.Student A will act as a person who come from Africa who’s country is lack of food.Student B will act as a great scientist who has been working on crop.Student C will act as a interviewer who ask Student B how to solve the problem.Student D will have a summarze.B The students are divided into several groups and there are four in each group with different roles.Student A will act as achemical farmer who tell us how to grow crop in chemical method.Student B will act as a great scientist tell us the disadvantage of this method.Student C will act as a organic farmer who tell ue the way solve the problem.Student D will have a summarze.3.a Work in groups of four.I will give the students a material of humour and let students performance them infront of the classroom.4.b The students are divided into several groups and there are four in each group with different roles.I will show Student A a picture and let the student to performan its meaning to student B.Then Student B will guess its meaning and then performan what he guess to Student C.Student C will do express that he guess by using body language to Student D.at last,Student D will guess and give the answer.5.Work in groups of four.Discuss what is the purpose of theme park ? what kind of people do you think will visit this theme park?
Most students can take their parts in this activities, especially for the Ss who have trouble in English,.In the group activities, they can speak a little English.Without doubt, this will encourage them to speak English.In fact,it is a kind of demand of human being.A famous educator says:‖ In one’s mind ,there is always a kind of deeply rooted demand, this is the hope to feel oneself a finder and explorer.In student’ s spirits, such demand is specially strong.‖ So I will give every student a chance to spesk English in our classroom.This part also leads to the emotion objective of this lesson ,that is to have moral education in this step.You can see that the way I teach reading is to follow the bottom up teaching method.I will introduce the vocabulary first and then sentences, structures and last the language focus.Step 6 Homework
Then Ss will Summarize the whole lesson, and arrange the homework.1.Do the remaining exerises in the workbook.Check the mastering of knowledge of this lesson.a(1)write a short passage to describe a women you admire most.b
write a short passage to describe a women you admire most.(2)a Design a placard focus on world food day in 2010
B Do exercise 3 to write a summary of this passage following the procedure;
1.wirte the main idea in you own word
2.rewrite topic sentence of each paragraph
write the summary.(3)Ask esch student to give a joke and present it in class next period.(4)Write a short passage about the experience you misundestand one’s body language or a body language you like most ,why?
(5)Write a short passage to introduce a theme park.Purpose of my design: I think homework is so important that the students should use English as much as they can in class and after class.It is necessary for the students to master the knowledge they learned.This contents is an extension of the previous lesson, to meet the need of incressing communicating and writing demands of some students and bring their personality into play.Part 5 blackboard Design
全英文教案两份
（一） Title E.g. Go for it: Book I: Unit 1 My name is Gina ( Period 1 Section A 1a -2c) Objective: Here you need to state what your students will learn in the lesson and be able to do after the lesson. Culture awareness: Intercultural communication knowledge which may help to avoid culture conflict. Learning and teaching focus: Here you need to list the key sentence structures, key vocabulary, reading/listening strategies, or any other knowledge and methods which are necessary to help students to achieve the objectives. Anticipated difficulties: The difficulty(ies) that your students may encounter in the lesson. Solution: certain exercises are designed to help students overcome the difficulties. Teaching aids: PPT, some other things like pictures, etc. LEARNING & TEACHING ARRANGEMENT Stages/timing Activities Methodology Warming-up & leading in Step 1 … Clarify what method will be applied. Presenting the task Step … If task based learning is not applied, you may not have this stage. Learning Step… At this stage, you should list what a number of activities which will help students to learn to do what they are asked to. If you apply Task Based Learning, the stage of learning and practice may be combined into one stage C learning and practice. Practice Step… At this stage, activities will be designed to ensure most students to achieve the objectives. It is an assessing stage as well. Production Step… Homework （二） 主}：Fruit vocabulary Apple, banana, orange, watermelon, grapes. 第一n_始 Time Teaching content Teaching Procedure Teaching aids 10 Warm up 1. 土色的巫 Review vocabularies red, yellow, orange, green, purple 2. W生分M Group time 色卡 20 Presentation 1. 介B水果的巫 Teaching vocabularies Apple,banana,orange,watermelon, grapes. 2. 指W生跟著老看D片念巫 Students look at the flashcards and read Vocabularies. 3. 以分M的方式抽W生巫郑之後再以抽c人的方式W生回答。 Students practice more. 4. Memory game 利用上嗤的.flashcards，碚げ煌位置的相同D卡。 grapes apple banana banana apple orange watermelon grapes orange watermelon 5. 展示句型l句What do you like ？I like .K解句的意x。 Shows sentences and explains the meaning. 6. ⑺果的巫旨尤句中。 Practice vocabularies in sentences. 7. 教以抽`的方式抽xW生句，KW生以五水果巫碜龌卮稹 Students practice more. Flashcard（fruits） 色卡 句型l： What do you like ？ I like . 10 Wrap up Fruits fruits run run run 1. 一次⑺不同水果的字卡，分e放置在教室的四角落，K小朋友集中在教室的中g。 Put four flashcars in four places. Students stand up. 2. 先小朋友x袼喜g的水果，K站在水果的位置。站定後小朋友大地老：What do you like ？@r老x襁@五水果字卡中的其中一N，K回答I like . Students choose fruit what they like and stand there. Then students ask teacher：What do you like ？ Teacher answer ： I like . 3. @r站在铀果的小朋友t必x_那一站定位置K遭到淘汰。 If students stand where teacher says, they are out. 4. 如此M行s三至五次，剩下的W生便@得倮。 After 3~5 rounds, the students who are not out are winners. Flashcard（fruits） 第一nY束
i am very gald to introduce myself .i am from liaoning province. i graduated from shandong university and majored in microbiology. i love music and looking books, especially the history books.
我非常开心可以在这里做自我极少，我来自辽宁，毕业于山东大学的微生物专业，我很喜欢音乐和看书，尤其是历史类的书籍。
能够来参加贵公司的面试我感到很荣幸，当然我也希望可以加入贵公司，为贵公司服务实现我的理想。
一、合理的教材的选择和教学内容的安排, 保证成功教学的前提
电路课程是所有电气与信息专业学生必修的一门技术专业基础课, 它的理论严密, 逻辑性强。通过本课程的学习, 能够使学生掌握电路的基本理论、分析计算电路的基本方法和进行实验的初步技能, 并为后续课程准备必要的电路知识, 因此, 一本合适的英文教材对于教学效果的影响非常大。很多原版英文教材陈述过于繁琐, 给学生造成的学习压力很大, 而与现在越来越少的课时相比, 更显得不现实。但真正要重新编写一本合适的英文教材, 任务也很艰巨, 短时间内不可能完成。笔者选用了电子工业出版的《Electric Circuits (EighthEdition) 》。该书由美国人JamesW.Nilsson和Susan A.Riedel编写, 系统讲述了电路的基本概念、基本理论、基本分析和计算方法。其中书中结合生活中的实际应用展开, 给出了大量的例题、习题和详尽的图表资料, 内容新颖, 讲解透彻, 并且重点的公式及需要注意的地方均以黑体字标出, 能使学生快速地抓住课程中要掌握的重点和难点, 让纯粹的理论学习不显得枯燥乏味。
尽管留学生上课时的学习主动性好, 但受其教育背景影响, 他们的基础理论知识并没有中国学生扎实, 因此, 学校在安排课时上也充分考虑了这门课的重要性及留学生的特点, 安排了128个理论学时, 分两个学期上完。尽管其课时比中国学生稍微多了一些, 但实际授课内容比中国学生要少很多, 但前提是确保后续课程的学习不受影响。这其中有语言方面的原因, 也与他们的基础密切相关, 笔者强调留学生对电路的基本概念及基本理论的掌握, 所以在第一章和第二章花的时间较多。当然教学中也需要体现整个电路课程中的重点, 即第四章电路分析方法及第九章正弦稳态分析, 这其中笔者依然会考虑留学生的基础, 只强调基本概念及基本定理的掌握, 尽量把计算难度降到最低。其中对教学内容及学时计划作了如表1所示的安排。
二、改革教学方法, 采用PBL为主导, 最大可能地提高学生的学习效率
留学生的基础知识普遍没有中国学生的扎实, 且针对原版英文教材书的叙说烦琐性, 不可能采用对待中国学生一样“满堂灌”的教学方法, 学生一旦前面的知识没掌握好就会很大程度挫伤对后面知识学习的自信心, 笔者采用多种教学方法相结合的方法, 取得了不错的成绩。
在现代教学实践中, 多媒体的教学方式已经被广泛采用, 通过多媒体, 教学内容能够以视频、动画、录音、图片等种生动形象的方式呈现给学生, 这样的方式比起一本书加一支粉笔的教学方式, 的确要生动得多。然而对于电路这样要求学生掌握其基本理论和基本的分析方法的一门课, 它的电路图并不难画。因此如何成功利用多媒体进行教学是许多教学工作者一直思考的问题。对留学生使用PPT教学, 第一减少语言方面的障碍, 毕竟我们的教师都是非英语国家的本国教师, 在与留学生进行语言交流时多少存在一定的障碍;其次可以增大信息量。笔者主要采用了PBL (problems based learning) “以问题为基础”的教学方法, 对所授课程做了大量的PPT, 其中每一次的PPT的内容以问题的形式提出, 和学生一起思考问题的存在, 以报告的形式向学生呈现学习内容, 这样能很好地显示问题的完整性及严谨性。比如, 在讲第八章相量法时, 笔者先给出一个简单的交流电路, 和学生一起进行电路分析, 为了进一步求出此时的电路响应, 引出相量法, 告诉学生引入相量的目的就是为求时域中的响应而引入频域中的相量, 通过求出相量, 再求逆变换得到时域中的响应, 这样学生就不会一味学习相量, 到最后也不知道学了相量有什么作用。通过这种方式的教学能能很大程度提高的学习效率。
同时, 电路是一门需要大量操练的课, 书中有很多例题和习题, 由于课时的不允许, 课堂上只讲一些重要的例题, 每次也会布置1-2个习题作为学生的家庭作业。由于班级人数不多, 每班只有10多人, 方便随时检查学生的学习情况。每次上课前10分钟, 笔者会给每个留学生准备一张纸, 对上一堂课所学内容的掌握情况进行一次小测试, 其完成情况也会在下一次课时公布, 并把留学生常出现的错误及时给他们指出。其小测试成绩会以平时成绩占一定的比例考虑进最后的综合成绩。
另外, 针对留学生爱问问题的学习主动性, 多提问, 多讨论, 比如在讲到公式:和时, 问:电流到底怎么确定呢?在讲到理想和非理想电源时, 问学生:理想电源与非理想电源之间的区别是什么?鼓励学生积极讨论, 每次学生都能做积极发言, 这样课堂一点也不显得枯燥, 很好地调动课堂氛围, 也最大可能地提高了留学生上课的学习效率。
三、教师的角色的多种性, 提高留学生的学习热情
课堂学习的不成功导致的挫败感和沮丧感是引起学生心理问题的重要原因之一, 因此教师需要谨慎对待学生差异。比如班上有两个同学和其它同学不是来自同一个国家, 他们和其它学生的交流比较少, 尽管他们学习很认真, 但学习效果并不理想, 这样在上课时, 我会有意把学习效果相对较好的学生跟他们安排坐在一起, 让他们上课时能够一起探讨, 另外在他们有问题要解决时, 我有时会让学习效果相对较好的学生代为向他们解释, 这样在前者的鼓励带领下, 后者也能够做到努力跟上, 以争取有较好的表现。再如, 也可以通过课后的个别谈话, 提醒程度较好的学生不要满足于现状, 并跟他们推荐内容合适程度相宜的辅助材料, 要有更高层次的发展;跟相对较落后的学生谈话, 帮助他们分析问题所在, 讨论如何有针对性地解决这些问题。要让学生感受到, 教师在时刻关注着他们学习中的进步与问题。总之, 教师应该尽量做到, 不让那些程度较好的学生觉得学习没有压力, 甚至没有动力, 因而收获也不明显, 也不能让程度较差的学生在沮丧感与挫败感中失去信心, 产生恶性循环, 最后甚至放弃学习。
另外, 留学生很大一部分是第一次接触中国文化, 由于自己国家跟中国之间存在着风俗习惯、饮食、气候等方方面面的差异, 留学生在学习生活中会遇到各种问题, 小则影响心情, 大则引起严重的消极情绪, 对其学习造成负面影响。因此, 教师要多观察学生情绪变化, 学生在出勤或课堂表现上发生什么特殊情况, 要及时关注询问。教师争取能够及时发现学生由于种种原因造成的不适感和低落情绪, 并帮助他们克服这些不适感。
总之, 教师应该在向留学生传授知识的同时, 成为留学生在中国的好朋友, 只有他们在心里接受了中国, 爱上中国, 才能以更好更积极的心态完成在中国的生活和学习。
四、综合评定的考核方式有效的评价学生的成绩
受其教育模式的影响, 留学生的课堂表现与中国学生完全不同, 加之笔者在对他们进行教学时使用的方法也与中国学生有所不同, 他们在课堂上表现很活跃, 有问题直接提问, 思维敏捷、发言踊跃, 学习主动性强, 但留学生不足的是组织纪律性不强, 上课迟到、甚至旷课现象时有发生, 因此笔者在关心他们同时会对他们进行严格考勤, 考勤情况考虑进入综合成绩的评定, 以提高他们的到课率。
为培养留学生自觉学习的习惯, 改善学习风气, 留学生每次的作业情况及经常的小测试成绩也很大程度被被纳入综合成绩的考虑因素。与中国学生相比, 留学生的综合成绩更注重平时成绩的积累, 它会包含四部分:考勤, 作业情况, 小测试成绩及最后一次期末考试成绩, 比例为2:2:2:4, 这样做能很好地调动学生的学习积极性, 并对他们平常的努力作出有效评价。笔者对所授课的留学生采用上述方法进行综合考评, 证明上述方法是可行的。
结语:区别与中国学生的教学, 对留学生的全英文教学给授课教师提出了更进一步的要求, 当然有时也通过学生一些看似不起眼的问题, 会发现自己对知识的掌握并不全面, 给留学生准备每次的小测试题目和给留学生做全英文的PPT, 需要花费教师很多备课时间与精力。总之, 成功地对留学生进行全英文的教学还有很长的路要走, 需要教育工作者不断的努力。
摘要：留学生全英文教学是与国际接轨的先进教学模式。随着我校留学生教育的开展, 在留学生的电路理论课程全英文教学中, 根据留学生的语言文化特点和学习思维习惯, 选择合适的原版教材, 改革教学方法, 探索新的电路理论全英文教学模式及对留学生的电路课程全英文教学方法进行总结, 希望对今后留学生的教学起到一定的借鉴作用。
【摘 要】本文以提升国际贸易全英文课程教学的效果为目标，对“全英文教学时间和授课对象、渐进式课程设置、教学师资队伍建设”等教学环节进行了探讨和设计，从学生对教学效果的认同度出发，提出了包括“英语学习能力提高”、“专业知识掌握”、“考核和交流形式”、“学生综合建议”四个方面的教学效果评价建议。
【关键词】全英文课程；教学环节设计；效果评价
我国对外贸易的飞速发展，对国际贸易专业人才培养提出了更高的要求，学生不仅要具备高水平的专业知识，还要具备国际视野和高水平的专业外语学习与应用能力，因此，不少高校都在尝试不同形式的全英文教学改革与实践。然而，全英文教学涉及到教学观念的更新以及教学内容的调整，不应以牺牲专业知识和时间为代价，成为专业教学改革中的点缀和陪衬。因此如何从理论和实践上定位全英文教学、把握教学环节设计、评价全英文教学课程的教学效果，从而为高校的全英文教学改革提供有效的实施方案，是一个值得深思的问题。
一、国际贸易全英文课程教学环节设计要考虑的因素
（一）基于学生英语水平的教学时间和授课对象选择
学生专业基础知识和英语水平的参差不齐是全英文教学过程中不可避免的问题。如果不加选择的要求一个专业的所有学生都接受全英文教学模式，往往会给相当一部分学生带来学业压力和心理负担，导致专业知识的吸纳大打折扣。这时可考虑按照学生英语水平、学习能力等方面的相对差异性进行班级划分，对具备较强知识学习能力和英语学习兴趣的学生率先进行全英文课程授课，其它班级学生可以采用旁听形式逐步介入教学过程。
一般来说，国际贸易全英文教学的对象可以设定为大三以上的本科学生，这类学生经过前两年的公共英语学习已经具备了英语四级以上的基础，对相关专业知识和术语已经通过前面的必修课程有了一定的了解，可以更好地用英语理解专业知识，思考这些知识如何用英语表达，从而解决学生思维方式由汉语到英语的转变。
（二）国际贸易课程内容的渐进性
国际贸易课程内容的设置不能一味强调全覆盖，课程设置应以专业知识的掌握为主要目标，在学生可接受的范围内进行教学内容和学时的设计，以保障学生英文学习和思维的适应过程。国际贸易全英文课程以选修课为主，正式授课前应更加注重课前辅助材料的学习以及授课过程中启发式和互动式教学模式的应用，激发学生探究问题的浓厚兴趣和强烈欲望，鼓励其独立思考，发现并提出问题，在解决问题的过程中运用原有知识形成举一反三能力，锻炼其创造力和独立思考的能力。
（三）全英文教学师资队伍建设
当前高校承担全英文教学的师资主要来自两个方面：一是本土和“海归派”教师；二是海外专家及外籍客座教授。但是，海外专家全英文授课需要大量的经费支持，并不适用于全英文教学的全面推广，必须通过校内教师的全程参与和学习提高来有力推动全英文教学师资队伍的全面建设。而华人学者通常具有国内学习的背景，便于结合我国外贸实践及中国学生的教育背景和学习能力开展课堂教学和课后交流。
二、国际贸易全英文课程教学环节设计
（一）教学内容的选择
国际贸易课程内容主要包括如下五个部分，每个部分的教学内容需要根据学生的专业水平和综合能力进行选择：
第一部分主要以时间顺序介绍影响国际贸易的典型历史事件，激发学生对该课程的学习兴趣；同时，运用详实的数据和案例介绍国际贸易的基本概念和基本分类，有助于学生独立阅读世界贸易组织、联合国贸发会、经合组织等国际组织的报告和互联网资料。
第二部分运用微观经济学分析工具重点介绍传统贸易理论（包括绝对优势理论、比较优势理论、赫克歇尔俄林理论等）和新贸易理论对于贸易基础、贸易所得与贸易模式的理论解释。
第三部分从产业组织角度分析了贸易成本、产业地理集中效应及生产的国际分工理论。
第四部分结合世界贸易组织和我国相关法律规定详细分析了关税与非关税措施、反倾销、补贴与反补贴等偶发性贸易措施以及上述贸易措施在我国的实施情况。
第五部分从经济一体化的角度介绍了世界贸易组织及区域经济一体化理论，重点介绍了欧盟及我国的区域经济一体化实践。
（二）教学内容的组织
教学内容将根据授课对象的不同选择相应的章节，建议安排方式如下表：
授课章节授课对象建议
学时
1 HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE本/专科2
2 BASIC CONCEPTS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE本/专科2
3 BASIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE本/专科2
4TRADITIONAL TRADE THEORY： GAINS FROM SPECIALIZATION本/专科6
5 NEW TRADE THEORY本/专科4
本科2
7 GEOGRAPHICAL CONCENTRATION本科2
8 INTERNATIONAL FRAGMENTATION OF PRODUCTION本科2
9 TARIFFS本/专科4
10 NON-TARIFF MEASURES本/专科8
11 CONTINGENCY TRADE MEASURES本科6
12 GATT AND WTO本/专科2
13 REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION本/专科2
总计：本科44学时，专科32学时
三、国际贸易全英文课程教学效果评价
国际贸易全英文授课的效果评价主要从学生“英语学习能力提高”、“专业知识掌握”、“书面考核和课堂交流”、“学生综合建议”四个方面展开。“英语学习能力提高”侧重从国际贸易专业英语学习和思维能力的角度判断全英文授课对于学生英语学习能力的教学效果；“专业知识掌握”从国际贸易课程基本知识、实践技能和国际前沿知识掌握方面考察学生对于专业知识的掌握程度评估；“书面考核和课堂交流”用于对比分析在国际贸易课程考核方面，学生更愿意采用书面模式还是课堂交流；“学生综合建议”用于了解学生对进一步开展英文授课的意向以及中文进行知识点辅助学习的合理性。
基于多年的国际贸易全英文课程教学经验，从学生的反馈来看，学生普遍认同全英文授课对于专业英语学习和思维能力有所提升；而相对书面考核而言，学生更愿意使用英文在课堂上与老师进行直接交流；绝大部分学生认为先通过中文学习相关知识点，有助于英文授课的学习效果，并希望多开设英文课程进行学习。总的来说，渐进性全英文课程教学的模式可以更好地提升整体教学效果，具有较好的推广价值。
参考文献：
[1]张千帆.高校全英语教学模式探析[J].高等教育研究，2003，24（4）.
[2]来茂德.推进双语教学，适应教育国际化[J].中国大学教学，2005（6）.
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