小学英语单词分类及重点句型（共10篇）
《编译原理 》 课在计算 机科学与 技术专业中是重要的 专业基础课程, 也是比较难学的一门课程, 其理论是本专业学生不可或缺的知识基础, 其应用也不仅体现在编译器 的设计 , 在很多计算机领域都直接或间接利用其方法和技术; 学这门课对锻炼学生逻辑思维能力、 学会用计算机解决问题的方法、 深入系统地掌握计算机语言、 提高软件设计开发能力都有重要作用。
目前, 作为专业核心课程的 《编译原理》 相对成熟, 形成了固定的教学和实验内容, 如多数教材中的实验都是编制一个类Pascal的Sample语言或PL0语言的编译器。 目前新知识新技术不断发展, 专业教学内容不断丰富, 学校为了适应信息技术的发展开设了一些新课程, 使得 《编译原理》 的学时有所缩减, 传统的实验内容不太适应目前应用型本科的教学。 从学生情况来看, 他们虽具备了一定的编程能力, 但在较少的学时内编写相对复杂的编译程序还是无从下手, 将来也很少有人去设计一种语言编译器, 这显得实验项目难度大、 实用性差, 学生一时看不到成果, 以至学习热情不高, 教学效果不佳。 所以提高学生的学习和实践兴趣, 让他们在课程学习的各阶段都够得着、 看得到成果、 体会得到有用, 是选取实验项目的重要目标。
2 实验项目
结合作者处理过的一个英语单词提取及分类问题, 设计了一个词法分析阶段的实验, 用相对简单的方法处理了实际问题, 以提高学生的学习兴趣, 锻炼学生利用编译原理所学知识解决实际问题的能力。
在大学英语四、 六级考试的教学中常有这样的需求, 即需把英语短文中的四、 六级词汇摘取出来, 生成生词表或注释表, 以便于选择合适的阅读材料或进行词汇教学。 如果短文很多, 人工处理工作量相当大, 一般的程序处理方法也较难实现, 但这问题正好类似编译原理的词法分析阶段的工作, 即实现扫描源文、 识别出单词、 查填符号表等功能。
程序的输入是英语短文, 另有教学大纲给定的四级、 六级单词表, 要求识别出短文中出现的四、 六级单词, 标注出所属级别, 并输出单词所在短文中的行号。
3 词法分析及 Lex
词法分析是编译的基础, 主要任务是对源程序进行扫描, 识别出单词及各种符号, 再查找填写表格, 以便于下个编译阶段利用。 广义的单词形式化表示是正则表达式, 识别正则式表示的单词用有穷自动机。
随着信息和计算机技术的发展, 很早就出现了一些很实用的编译器自动生成工具, 包括词法分析、 语法分析器自动生成工具等。 利用现有的工具软件便于学生跳出调试程序时烦琐的细节, 从整体把握编译原理关键阶段的核心算法, 也有利于学生验证和对照一些题目的结果。 如很多软件系统中有正则表达式分析功能, 可利用其进行词法分析中正规文法的学习; Unix或Linux系统下一般都有词法分析程序Lex (或Flex) , 可利用Lex语言按文法 的正规产生 式写源程 序 , 再转换成标准C语言程序, 编译后完成词法分析阶段的任务。
Lex源程序包括3个部分 : 声明 、 翻译规则和 辅助程序 , 中间由%%分隔; 声明部分包括变量声明和正则式定义等, 也含由分隔符% {和%} 括起来的需直接输出的C语言代码。 在翻译规则部分列出正则式, 以及匹配时所采取的动作, 这些动作由C语言表达。 辅助程序部分也由C语言编写, 可定义主函数及yylex要调用的yywrap() 等函数。
Lex源文件中的正 则式有一 些约定 , 和多数语言中 正则式的表达相似, 编写时可参看相关帮助文档。 编译方式为: 先由Lex或Flex对扩展名为.l的lex源文件进行编译, 生成C语言写的词法分析器, 再由C语言编译器gcc编译生成可执行的文件。
4 处理步骤及程序
一般单词表由Excel文件给出, 首先要分析给定的单词表文件, 对其进行预处理, 另存为文本文件。 为了适应lex中正则式的表达, 需把每行一个单词的格式转换为以” |” 分隔的单词表, 要生成这样的正则表达式, 因单词量大, 也可先利用Lex进行格式转换, 程序如下:
程序中由 正则式 [a-z A-Z] +识别单词 , 对匹配的 单词加” |” 后输出, 对回车符等其他符号不做处理。 输出的结果再作为下一段程序中相应的识别四、 六级词汇的正则式。 设程序名 为e46_text.l, 六级单词 表为e6.txt, 编译和执 行语句如下:
单词提取及分类程序如下, 其中正则式” n” 对应换行, 由linecount记录行数, wordcount记四、 六级单词数。 对于匹配到六 级词汇正 则式的单 词用 " %5d,%5d, %s,6 n" ,word count++,linecount,yytext格式输出 , 四级单词 同样处理 , 对其他单词匹配不做任何处理。
5 结语
I think smiling is as important as sunshine. Smiling is like sunshine because it can make people happy and have a good day. If you aren’t happy, you can smile, and then you will feel happy. Someone may say, “But I don’t feel happy.” Then I would say, “Please smile as you do when you are happy or play with your friends happily. You will really be happy again.”
You don’t like crying, right? So you must prefer smiling, because you know smiling will let people forget everything unhappy. Every day, we see teachers or students and say, “Hi/Hello! How are you?” At the same time, you are smiling, right?
Smiling can let you have more friends. With a smile, people will know you’re a kind person. They will talk with you, so you will have more and more friends.
So I say, smiling is like a flower, the sunshine, warmth. It will give you happiness.
all in all 总的说来
and so on 等等
as a matter of fact =in fact 其实，实际上
at present 目前现在date back to 追溯到
for the future 从今以后，在今后
from now on 今后，从现在起
in short 总之，总而言之
in a word 简言之、一句话、总之
in the end 最后，终于
most important of all 最重要的是
about all 首先
for one thing,…….for another thing 首先…，再者…
first of all, …next then,….lastly… 首先，然后，最后
firstly,secondly,thirdly…finally 第一，第二，第三…最后
in addition 另外
in addition to 除…之外
according to 根据
as far as I am concerned 据我所知
generally speaking 一般说来
what’s more 更多的是
therefore 因此，从而
furthermore =moreover再者 otherwise 另外
in my opinion 我认为，我的意见是
not only …but also不但…而且…
in spite of 不管
for example 例如…
different from 与……不同
as a result 结果
in order to do 为了
There is no doubt that 毫无疑问
It is well known that 大家都知道
to tell the true 说实话
however 然而
therefore 因此
since then 自从那时起
as soon as 一……就……
thanks to 多得，幸亏
★★初中英语作文常用句型： 1.表示原因
1)The reason for this is that…
2)There are three reasons for this.2.表示好处
1)It does us a lot of good…
2)It benefits us quite a lot.3)It has the following advantages.3.表示坏处 1)It is harmful to us.2)It has more disadvantages than advantages.4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)for sb.to do sth.2)We think it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.5.表示措施
1)We should solve the problems that we are faced with.2)We should try our best to overcome the difficulties.3)We should take some effective measures
6.表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.2)The computer has brought about many changes in education.7.表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...2)No one can deny the fact that...3)This is a case that many people are interested in.8.表示比较
1)I prefer to reading rather than watching TV.2)Compared with A，B..9.表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...2)The population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800，000.10.表示看法
一、词汇210个：四会词汇为145个，要求学生能听、说、读、写、运用及听写； 了解词汇65个，要求学生能听、说、读；
二、句型28个：重点句型25个，要求学生听、说、读、写、运用； 了解句型3个，要求学生能认读。
Hello1、四会词汇（16）
helicopter, doll, computer, kite, game, lorry, camera, train,bike, monster, riding, talking, walking, flying, driving, bouncing,2、了解词汇（4）
Detective Agency, fur, leave a message, look for, Lock and Key；
3、重点句型（3）
①What’s your favourite toy called?
②Have you got a brother or a sister?
③What’s ** doing?
Unit11、四会词汇（8）
aunt, daughter, granddaughter, grandson, grandparents, grandchildren,son, uncle;
2、了解词汇（18）
thief, dirty, jacket;enjoy/like/love reading about, science, clever, want to be, doctor, really +adj, because, naughty, moustache, straight,curly, beard, moustache, farmer, fair,3、重点句型（4）
①Do you like doing …?
②Do you want to …?
③What do you want to do?
④like, love, enjoy+-ing/名词：I like /love/enjoy swimming/apples.4、了解句型（1）
My father is my grandparents’ son.Unit21、四会词汇（24）
city, town, village, country, street, balcony, basement, downstairs,lift, floor, home, stairs, upstairs, flat ,apartment;数字20-100的整数；
2、了解词汇（14）
need, address, move house, carry, above, below, between, next to, at, apple tree, plants, flowers, place, phone number;
3、重点句型（4）
①Where do you live?
②Where does he/she live?
③What’s your address?
④Do you like living in the…?
4、了解句型（1）
What’s the ** made of/from?
Unit31、四会词汇（20）
get dressed, get undressed, get up, wake up, put on, take off, wash, go to bed, go to school, have a shower, Monday, Tuesday,Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday, always, sometimes, never;
2、了解词汇（7）
come home, have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner, every day,week, weekend;
3、重点句型（5）
①What time do you(get up)?
②What time does he(get dressed)?
③What do you do before/after(breakfast)?
④What day is it today?
⑤How often do you/does he**?
Unit41、四会词汇（14）
bank, bus station, café, cinema, hospital, library, market, shop,sports centre, supermarket, swimming pool, near, opposite, map;
2、了解词汇(6)
book on doctors, book about football, do the homework,listen to the tape every day, come to school on time, tidy your room;
3、重点句型（3）
①Where do you(go to see a film)?
②You must do your homework.③Must I(do my homework)?
4、了解句型（1）
How much is it?
Unit51、四会词汇（9）
cold, cough, stomach-ache, headache, temperature, toothache,back, backache, earache;
2、了解词汇(5)
healthy, hop, skip, climb, hurt;
3、重点句型（2）
①What’s the matter with you /him/her/them?
②must/mustn’t
Unit61、四会词汇（23）
field, forest, grass, lake, leaf, picnic, plant, river, countryside, bad, cold, fat ,hot, hungry, loud, quiet, strong, thirsty, tired,thin, weak, skin, angry;
2、重点句型（1）
①Shall I…?
Unit71、四会词汇（20）
bear, whale, panda, bat, lion, kangaroo, shark, dolphin, parrot,cleaner, bigger, dirtier, better, worse, quieter, stronger, weaker,longer, fatter, slower,;
2、了解词汇(6)
insect, pouch, quick, the internet, rock, island;
3、重点句型（1）
①The cat’s weaker than the lion.Unit81、四会词汇（11）
weather, cloud, cloudy, sun, sunny, rain, rainbow, snow, wet, wind, windy;
2、了解词汇(5)
today, yesterday ,weather report, weatherman;
3、重点句型（2）
重点短语
1. good learners优秀的学习者
2. work with friends和朋友一起学习
3.study for a test备考
4.have conversations with与……交谈
5.speaking skills口语技巧
6.a little一点儿
7.at fi rst起初起先
8.the secret to……的秘诀
9.because of因为
10.as well也
11.look up查阅;抬头看
12.so that以便, 为了
13.the meaning of……的意思
14.make mistakes犯错误
15.talk to交谈
16.depend on依靠依赖
17.in common共有的
18.pay attention to注意, 关注
19.connect…with…与……联系
20.for example例如
21.think about考虑
22.even if即使, 尽管, 纵容
23.look for寻找
24.worry about担心, 担忧
25.make word cards制作单词卡片
26.ask the teacher for help向老师求助
27.read aloud大声读
28.spoken English英语口语
29.give a report作报告
30.word by word一字一字地
31.so……that如此……以至于
32.fall in love with爱上
33.something interesting有趣的事情
34.take notes记笔记
35.how often多久一次
36.a lot of许多
37.the ability to do sth.做某事的能力
38.learning habits学习习惯
39.be interested in对……感兴趣
40.get bored感到无聊
重点句型
1.提建议的句子:
(1) What/how about+doing sth.?做…怎么样?
如:What/How about going shopping?
(2) Why don't you+do sth?你为什么不做…?
如:Why don't you go shopping?
(3) Why not+do sth?为什么不做…?
如:Why not go shopping?
(4) Let's+do sth.让我们做…吧。
如:Let's go shopping
(5) Shall we/I+do sth?我们/我…好吗?
如:Shall we/I go shopping?
2.too…to…太…而不能
如:I'm too tired to say anything.
我太累了, 什么都不想说。
3.be/get excited about sth.对…感兴奋
4.end up doing sth:以……结束
如:The party ended up singing.
晚会以唱歌而结束。
5.end up with sth.以…结束
如:The party ended up with her singing.
晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious!
重点短语
1.put on增加 (体重) ;发胖
2. care about关心;在乎
3. end up最终成为, 最后处于
4.not only……but also……不但……而且……
5.shoot down射下
6.used to do过去常常做……
7.remind sb.of使某人想起
8.give out分发, 发放
9.the water festival泼水节
1 0.the Chinese spring festival中国春节
11.next year明年
12.sound like听起来像
13.each other互相彼此
14.in the shape of以……的形状
15.on mid-autumn night在中秋之夜
16.fl y up to飞向
17.lay out摆开布置
18.come back回来
19.as a result结果因此
20.Mother’s day母亲节
21.more and more popular越来越受欢迎
22.think of想起;认为;思考
23.dress up装扮, 穿上盛装
24.the importance of……的重要性
25.make money挣钱
26.in need需要帮助处于困境中
27.between…and…在……和……之间
28.the dragon boat festival龙舟节
29.the lantern festival元宵节
30.like best最喜欢
31.go to…for a vacation去……度假
32.be similar to与……相似
33.wash away冲走洗掉
34.Mid-autumn festival中秋节
35.shoot down射下
36.call out大声呼喊
37.the tradition of……的传统
38.at night在夜里;在晚上
39.one…, the other…一个……, 另一个……
40.Father’s day父亲节
重点句型
1.I think that they’re fun to watch.
我认为它们看着很有意思。
2.What do you like about…?
What do you like best about the Dragon Boat Festival?
关于端午节, 你最喜欢什么?
3.What a great day!
多么美好的一天!
4. I wonder if…
I wonder if it’s similar to the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.
我想知道它是否与云南傣族的泼水节相似。
5.How+adj./adv.+主+谓!
How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!
龙舟队多棒啊!
6.What+名词+主语+谓语!
What an interesting book it is!
它是一本多么有趣的书啊!
Unit3 Could you please tell me where the restaurants are?
重点短语
1.a pair of一对, 一双, 一副
2.between A and B在a和b之间
3.on one’s/the way to在去……的路上
4. pardon me什么, 请再说一遍
5. pass by路过经过
6. look forward to盼望期待
7.excuse me打扰了请原谅
8.get some information about获取有关……的一些信息
9.turn leftright向左向右转
10.go past经过路过
11.a little earlier早一点儿
12.a good place to eat一个吃饭的好地方
13.in different situation在不同的情况下
14.on time准时按时
15.get to到达
16.have dinner吃晚餐
17.on one’sthe right在右边
18.come on快点, 请过来
19.the shopping center购物中心
20.the corner of.......的角落/拐角处
21.lead into导入, 引入
重点句型
1.问路常用的句子:
(1) Do you know where is…?
(2) Can you tell me how can I get to…?
(3) Could you tell me how to get to…?
(4) Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth.表示十分客气地询问事情
Could you tell me how to get to the park?
请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗?
2.decide to do决定做……
She decided to go to have lunch.她决定去吃午餐。
3.Is that a good place to hang out?
那是不是一个闲荡的好地方?
4.kind of+adj/adv.“有点、一点”
She is kind of shy.她有点害羞。
5.prefer动词, 更喜欢、宁愿。常用的结构有:
(1) prefer sth.更喜欢某事
I prefer English.我更喜欢英语。
(2) prefer doing/to do宁愿做某事
I prefer sitting/to sit.我宁愿坐着。
(3) prefer sth to sth.同…相比更喜欢……
I prefer dogs to cats.与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
(4) prefer doing to doing宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer walking to sitting.我宁愿走路也不愿坐着
(5) prefer to do rather than do宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer to work rather than be free.我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。
6.I'm sorry to do sth.对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。
Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.
重点短语
1.used to do过去常常做
2.deal with对付应付
3.be proud of为……骄傲, 感到自豪
4.take pride in为……感到自豪
5.from time to time时常, 有时
6. in public公开地
7. in person亲身, 亲自
8. take up sth.开始做, 接受, 占用
9. not……anymore不再
1 0. worry about为……担忧
1 1. hang out闲逛
1 2. think about考虑
1 3. be alone独处
1 4. on the soccer team在足球队
1 5. no longer不再
16.make a decision做决定
17.to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是
18.even though尽管
19.pay attention to对……注意, 留心
20.in the last few years在过去的几年里
21.be afraid of害怕
22.turn red变红
23.tons of attention很多关注
24.be careful当心
25.give up放弃
26.a very small number of…极少数的……
27.give a speech作演讲
28.all the time一直总是
29.be interested in对……感兴趣
30.change one’s life改变某人的生活
31.take care of照顾
32.one of…, ……之一
重点句型
1.I used to be afraid of the dark.
我曾经害怕黑暗.
2.I g o t o s l e e p w i t h m y bedroom light on.
我开着卧室的灯睡觉。
3.I used to spend a lot of t i m e p l a y i n g g a m e s w i t h m y friends.
以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I hardly ever have time for concerts.
我几乎没有时间去听音乐会。
5.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
我的生活在过去几年里改变了很多。
6.It will make you stressed out.
那会使你紧张的。
7.It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot.
玉梅似乎变化很大。
常见易混词语辨析
1.each, every
两词都是“每个”的意思, 但着重点不同。
each着重个别的情况, every着重全体, 有“所有的”的意思。例如:
She knows each student of the class.
她认识这个班里的每一个学生。
She knows every student of the class.
她认识这个班所有的学生。
试一试:
_____is beautifully illustrated.
(每一本书都配有精美的插图。)
2.no one, none
no one指“没有人 (只能指人, 不能用来指物) ”, 意思与nobody相同, 不能跟of短语连用。例如:
No one believes him since he is not honest.
没有人相信他, 因为他不诚实。
none指“一个也没有 (既可指人, 也可指物) ”, 可以跟of短语连用。例如:
None of us a is afraid of diffi culties.
我们谁也不怕困难。
试一试:
___________of us knew how to treat her.
(我们都不知道怎样安慰她。)
3.go on doing, go on to do, go on with
这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思, 其区别如下:
go on doing表示“继续做, 一直在做某事 (中间无间断) ”;
go on to do表示“接着做某事”, 即某事已做完, 接着做另一件事;
go on with也表示“继续做某事”, 其含义是某一动作一度中止后, 又继续下去。
试一试:
Tom had to push himself to________________________such dull work.
(汤姆不得不驱策自己继续不停地做这种单调无趣的工作。)
4.much too, too much
much too为副词词组, 意为“太……”修饰形容词或副词, 不可修饰动词。例如:
It’s much too cold.
天气实在是太冷了。
too much作“太多”讲, 有以下三种用法:
(1) 作名词词组。例如:
You have given us too much.
你给我们的太多了。
(2) 作形容词词组修饰不可数名词。例如:
Don’t drink too much wine.
不要饮太多的酒。
(3) 作副词词组修饰不及物动词。例如:
She talks too much.
她说话太多。
试一试:
If you demand_________, chances are that you’re not getting anything.
(要求太多, 有可能什么也得不到。)
5.lonely, alone
二者都可表示“孤独, 独自”, alone指客观存在的“孤独”, 而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞”。例如:
I went alone.
我是一个人去的。
Mary lived alone, but she didn’t feel lonely.
玛丽孤身一人生活, 但她并不感到孤独。
试一试:
He was all___ in the middle of the hall.
(他独自一人在大厅中间。)
6.occur, happen与take place
三者都可表示“发生”之意, 都是不及物动词或短语, 不能用于被动语态。
occur是比较正式的用语, 可用于具体或抽象的事物, 通常指按计划或规律在较为确定的时间“发生”的事, 在表示具体的事物时, 可与happen换用。例如:
I'm afraid that this would occur during my absence.=I'm afraid that this would happen during my absence.
恐怕这事会在我不在时发生。
但是, 如果表示“某想法”出现在人的头脑之中, 这时不能用happen代替。例如:
Dose it ever occur to you that I am sometimes thinking?
我时不时想的那件事你是不是也曾在你头脑中出现过?
happen常指具体事件的发生, 特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。例如:
New things are happening all around us.
我们身边总有新事发生。
happen还可表示“碰巧;恰好”之意。例如:
It happened that I had no money on me.
我刚好没钱了。
take place通常指“ (某事) 按计划进行或按计划发生。”例如:
Great changes have taken place in China.
中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。
此外take place还有“举行”之意。例如:
The meeting will take place next Friday.
会议将在下周五举行。
试一试:
This accident____ close to our apartment.
(在靠近我们公寓的地方发生了一桩事故)
7.in front of, in the front of
in front of的意思是“在……前面”, 指在某个空间范围外的前面。例如:
There is a tree in front of the house.
房子前面有一棵树。
in the front of的意思是“在……前部”, 指在某个空间范围内的前面。例如:
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
教室里前部有一块黑板。
试一试:
_____the picture is the fi gure of a man.
(在这张照片的最前面是一位男士.)
8.fi nd, fi nd out
两者都有“发现”的意思, 但语义有差别。
fi nd有偶然发现某物的意味。例如:
He found a bag on the fl oor.
他发现地板上有个书包。
fi nd out指“经过, 探听, 询问”, 指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚”。例如:
Please fi nd out who took my book by mistake.
请查清楚谁错拿了我的书。
试一试:
An investigation is underway to________________how the disaster happened.
(调查已经展开, 以查明灾难是如何发生的。)
9.sound与noise, voice,
这三个词都作“声音”解, 但它们又各有特定的含义。
sound作“声音”解, 含义最广, 指可以听到的任何声音, 例如:
a weak sound微弱的声音
noise作“噪音, 嘈杂声, 吵闹声”解, 指不悦耳, 不和谐的声音, 它既可作可数名词, 也可作不可数名词。例如:
Another kind of pollution is noise.
另外一种污染是噪音。
voice作“声音”解时, 多指人发出的声音, 包括说话声、歌声和笑声等。例如:
He shouted at the top of voice.
他高声呼喊。
voice有时也用于引申意义, 作“意见, 发言权”解。例如:
I have no voice in the matter.
对于这件事, 我没有发言权。
试一试:
Peter heard the__________of gunfi re.
(彼德听见了枪炮声。)
10.arrive, get与reach
三者均可表示“到达”, arrive后通常接介词at (一般用于较小的地方) 或in (一般用于较大的地方) 。例如:
We arrived at the station fi ve minutes late.
我们晚了5分钟到车站。
They will arrive in Paris next Monday.
他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。
get之后通常接介词to。例如:
When we got to the park, it began to rain.
我们到达公园时, 就开始下雨了。
reach是及物动词, 其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语 (不能用介词) 例如:
He reached Beijing yesterday.
他昨天到达北京。
试一试:
He did not stop until he____________the door.
Starter Unit 1
1.早上/下午/晚上好！Good morning/afternoon/evening!
2.嗨！/你好！Hi!/Hello!
3.你好吗？（身体情况）How are you?
我很好，谢谢。I’m fine/OK,thanks.4.你呢？ And how are you?/And you?
我也很好。I’m fine/OK,too.5.他/她身体怎么样？ How is he/she?
他/她身体很好。He/She is fine/OK.6.谢谢.Thanks!/Thank you!
Starter Unit 2
7.这个用英语怎么说？ What’s this in English?
这是/它是一个橘子。It’s an orange.8.那个用英语怎么说？ What’s that in English?
那是/它是一件夹克衫。It’s a jacket.9.请拼写一下它吧！Spell it,please!/Please spell it.10.你怎样拼写它？ How do you spell it?
11.你能拼写一下它吗？ Can you spell it?
Starter Unit 3
12.这是什么？ What’s this?
这是/它是V。It’s V.13.那是什么？ What’s that?
那是/它是Z。It’s Z.14.它是什么颜色？ What color is it?
它是橘色。It’s orange.15.这个杯子是黄色的。The ruler is yellow.16.它是一把蓝色的尺子。It’s a blue ruler.Unit 1
17.你叫什么名字？ What’s your name?
我是吉娜。I am/I’m Gina.我的名字叫吉娜。My name is/My name’s Gina.18.我也很高兴见到你。Nice to meet you,too.19.你是珍妮吗？ Are you Jenny?
是的，我是。/不，我不是。Yes,I am./No,I’m not.20.他叫什么名字？ What’s his name?
他是艾伦。He is/He’s Alan.他的名字是艾伦。His name is/His name’s Alan.21.他是杰克吗? Is he Jack?
是的，他是。/不，他不是。Yes,he is./No,he isn’t.22.她叫什么名字？ What’s her name?
她是玛丽。She is/She’s Mary.她的名字叫玛丽。Her name is/Her name’s Mary.23.她是琳达吗？ Is she Linda?
是的，她是。/不，她不是。Yes,she is./No,she isn’t.24.你的电话号码是多少 What’s your telephone number?
它是123-4567。It’s 123-4567.我的电话号码是123-4567。My telephone number is 123-4567.25.他的/她的电话号码是多少？ What’s his/her telephone number?
他的/她的电话号码是123-4567。His/Her telephone number is 123-4567.26.这是/那是你的号码吗？ Is this/that your number?
是的，它是。/不，它不是。Yes,it is./No,it isn’t
27.你的名字是什么？ What’s your first name?
我的名字是杰克。My first name is Jack.28.你的姓是什么？ What’s your last name?
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为把……给……，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如：
His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)
3.take sb./ sth. to…意为把……(送)带到……，后常接地点，也可接人。如：
Please take the new books to the classroom.
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为一个是……;另一个是……，必须是两者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red,, the other is grey.
5.Let sb. do sth. 意为让某人做某事，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Don’t let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，如：Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为帮助某人做某事，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.
7.What about…?/How about…?意为……怎么样?是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为该做……的时间了，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如：It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为喜欢做某事，如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较：
Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为让某人(不要)做某事，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，如：
Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为把某物给某人看，该句型的用法同前面第2点。如：
Show your friend your family photo.(L36)/Show your family photo to your friend.
32) She gave me a determined look ?C the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind. 她给了我一个坚定的眼神——这种眼神表明她是不会改变主意的。
33) He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他是如此的固执以致没有人能说服他做任何事。
34) My sister doesn’t care about details. 我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的。
35) She is a determined woman. Once she determines to do something, she will do it well. 她是个意志坚强的人。如果她下决心做什么事，就一定要做好。
36) He recorded the important events ad his afterthoughts in his travel journal. 在旅行日记中，他记下了重大的事件及自己的想法。
37) I am not familiar with this city, because this is my first visit. 我对这个城市不熟悉，因为这是我的第一次来访。
38) I don’t think it is necessary for us to give in. 我认为我们没有必要让步。
39) The topics of a travel journal can be different from a diary, often including people, things, and events less familiar to readers. 游记的主题可以和日记不同，经常包括那些读者不太熟悉的人和事。
40) It was great fun to put up tents here. 在这儿搭帐篷真好玩。
41) The number of people who were killed or injured in the earthquake reached more than 400,000.(定语从句) 死伤的人数达到40多万。
42) The army organized the rescue workers to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. (定语从句) 部队组织救援人员将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
43) All hope was not lost. = Not all hope was lost.(部分否定) 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
44) None of us were allowed to go there.(全部否定) 我们全都不许去那里。
45) He rescued the man from drowning. 他救了一男子使之免遭溺毙。
46) An earthquake left the whole city in ruins. 地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。
47) I feel highly honoured by your trust. 得到你的信任，我感到非常荣幸。
48) Professor Yu organized his thoughts before giving the speech. 于教授在演讲之前组织了一下思路。
49) Many people took shelter from the rain in the department store. 许多人在百货公司里避雨。
50) It seemed that the world was at an end as the earthquake destroyed nearly everything.
一、prefer 句型
1. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事例：I prefer playing the guitar.我更喜欢弹吉他。2. prefer to do sth. 更喜欢/宁愿做某事例：I prefer to stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。3. prefer A to B 比起B，更喜欢A例：I prefer tea to coffee.比起咖啡，我更喜欢茶。4. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做……，更喜欢做……例：I prefer watching football to playing it.比起踢足球，我更喜欢看足球。5. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿…...而不愿......例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.我宁愿待在家里而不愿外出。
二、seem 句型
1. It+seems+that从句 看起来、似乎……例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.看起来每个人似乎都很满意。2. There seems to be... 看起来、似乎……例：There seems to be a heavy rain.看上去要有一场大雨。3. It seems as if... 看起来、好像……例：It seems as if she couldn’t come to class.看样子她不能来上课了。4. It seems to sb. that... 在某人看来……例：It seems to me that she is wrong.在我看来，她是错的。
三、as 句型
1. as+方式状语从句 按照……;正如……例：As in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.正如你们国家一样，我们北方种植小麦，南方种植水稻。2. as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as 同……一样例：She is as good a dancer as her brother.她和她哥哥一样，是位优秀的运动员。3. such+名词+as to do 如此……以至于……例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.她是如此愚蠢，以致相信了他所说的话。4. so+形容词/副词+that 如此……以至于……例：He was so strong that he can carry the heavy box.他是如此强壮以至于能提起那重箱子。5.the same+名词+as 和……一样的……例：He is not the same man as he used to be.他已不是当年的他了。6. as引导时间状语从句例：He had left as we got there.当我们到那里的时候，他已经离开了。7. as引导原因状语从句，与 because的用法相近例：As it was getting colder and colder, we soon turned back.因为天气越来越冷，所以我们很快就回来了。8. as 引导非限制性定语从句例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。
四、too 句型
1. too…to... 太……而不能……例：He is too young to go to school.他太小了，还不能上学。2. too+形容词+for sb. (to do sth.) 对某人来说，......太……例：The question is too difficult for me to solve it.解决这个问题对我来说太难了。3. can’t… too +形容词 无论……也不为过例：We can’t emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
五、what 引导的从句
1. what引导主语从句例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。2. what引导宾语从句例：We can learn what we do not know.我们能学会我们不懂的东西。3. what引导表语从句例：That is what I want.那正是我所要的。4. what引导同位语从句例：I have no idea what they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论什么。
六、where 引导的句型
1. where引导的定语从句例：This is the house where he lived last year.这就是他去年住过的房子。2.where引导的状语从句例：He left his key where he could find.他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。3.where引导的表语从句例：This is where you are wrong.这正是你的错误之处。
七、would rather 句型
1. would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿做……而不愿做……例：She would rather watch TV at home than go to see a film.她宁愿在家看电视，也不愿意去看电影。2. would rather have done sth. 宁愿过去做过……例：I would rather have taken his advice.我宁愿听从了他的意见。3. would rather sb. had done sth. 宁愿某人过去做过某事例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.我真希望我通过了上星期的考试。
八、until/not… until… 句型
1. until 直到……时候例：I waited until it got dark. 我一直等到天黑。2.not...until… 直到…..才……例：The traffic laws don’t take effect until the end of the year.交通法要到年底才生效。
九、before句型
1. before sb. can/ could… 某人还没来得及……例：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。2. It will be +时间+ before + 距离……还有多长时间……例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.他还有四年时间便毕业了。3.had done some time before (多长时间)才……例：We had sailed five days and five nights before we saw land.我们航行了五天五夜才见到陆地。4. had not done ... before ... 不到……就……例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.我们还没跑完一英里他就觉得累了。
十、强调句型
1. It is/was+被强调部分+that(who)...例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.昨天给我叔叔写信的人是我。2. Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词+is/was it that...例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?为什么你明天要去看望她?3. do/does/did+谓语动词 (强调谓语)例：They do know the place well.他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
高考英语得分技巧
听力题:
同学们要充分运用手里发的听力材料，重复听，听的过程中做做速记。捕捉的信息精确，才能答题准确。
单项选择题:
内容触及语法、词汇、惯用法、句型、口语功能等方面。此题灵敏，牵扯面广，但多数标题源于讲义或化于讲义。答题时要留意吃透语境、掌握题干的全部信息;牢记“语不离句，句不离文，语法不离语境”。用排除法选出答案。
语句翻译:
考查考生对词义的了解、词汇的拼写、词性的挑选和运用，以及固定搭配、语句的类型结构、语句的时态等方面的才能。课文中呈现的动词、固定搭配词组，要特别留意，因为这些内容掌握的好坏，是考生能否准确遣词造句的关键，每学到一个动词、固定调配词组，都要联系简单句的5个根本句型，思考构成语句。
完型填空:
要通读全文，掌握大意，这是十分必要的。同时，上下要接连，前后要贯通，连词的运用为各行各句之间提供了紧密的因果、转折、并列或条件的逻辑关系，经过发现和识别连词，能够从宏观的视点掌握文章的大意，构建全文的内在逻辑结构，体会作者的思路，完形填空经过记录一些数理的词语，使答题的人获得必要的信息和知识。
阅读理解:
是中考试题中分值最高的题，在原来的“选择填空”的基础上，增加了“依据短文内容答复问题”这一新题型，进一步考查了考生的理解水平。考生知识积累的多少，直接影响得分。
作文:
31 It’s time for…/to do sth。
春天到了，该种树了。
Spring has come， it’s time to plant trees。
是我们听英语节目的时间了
It’s time for us to listen to English programme。
该上学了。
It’s time to go to school。/ It’s time for school。
32 It’s two meters (years) long (high， old)。
这个游泳池长50m，宽20m，深2.5m。
The swimming pool is 50 metros long， 20 meters wide， two and a half meters deep。
河里的冰有几百米厚。
The ice in the river is several hundred thick。
中国的历史有几千年那么久远。
For Chinese history， it’s about thousands of years。
33 keep sb。 doing
很抱歉让你在这儿等这么长时间。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for such a long time。
那个军官让士兵们在太阳下站一个小时。
The officer kept the soldiers standing in the sun for an hour。
34 keep/make sth。 +adj。
在图书馆请保持安静。
Please keep the library quiet。
这条消息使他们很难过
This piece of news made them very sad。
不要乱丢垃圾，请保持地面清洁。
No littering， keep the floor clean。
35 like to do / like doing
小孩喜欢跨过草坪玩儿，李老师常阻止他们这样做。
Children like stepping into the grass to play， Mr。 Li often stops them from doing that。
我喜欢听轻音乐。588.es
I enjoy listening to the light music。
我喜欢在闲暇时做些东西来丰富(enrich)我的生活。
I like to make something in my spare time to enrich my life。
36 make / let sb。(not) do sth。
别着急，让我替你照看林涛。
Don’t worry。 Let me look after/ take care of Lin Tao for you。
那时，她妈妈让她每周六都站在电影院门口卖花。
At that time， her mother made her sell flowers in front of the cinema
他们让我们在雨中踢足球。
They make us play football in the rain。
37 neither…nor
恶劣的天气和艰苦的条件都不能改变她在那里教书的想法。
Neither bad weather nor the poor condition could change her mind to teach here。
Jim和Tom都不打算开车去买菜。
Neither Jim nor Tom is going to buy vegetables by car。
我父母和姐姐中午都不在家吃饭。
Neither my parents nor my sister has dinner at home。
38 not…at all
他们昨天赢了申花队，我一点也不觉得惊讶。
They beat the Shen Hua Team yesterday， but I didn’t feel surprised at all。
他对从事的工作一点也不感兴趣。
He is not interested in going in for research at all。
如果父母对孩子一点也不严格(strict)，孩子的成绩就会很快下降。
If parents are not strict with their children at all， their marks will come down quickly。
39 not…until
昨晚直到妈妈叫他去睡觉，杰克才停止玩电子游戏。
Jack didn’t stop playing the computer games until his mum asked him to go to bed。
别担心，直到雨停了他才回来。
Don’t worry， he won’t be back until the rain stops。
昨天晚上一直到12点我才睡着。
I didn’t fall asleep until 12 o’clock。
40 One…the other…/Some… others…
他们俩一个来自澳大利亚，一个来自德国。
He can not only speak French but also speak fluent Germany
假如你想爬山，有两种方式，一种是步行，一种是坐缆车(cable car )上去。
If you want to get to the top of the Fragrant Hill， there are two ways。 One is climbing up/ to climb to the top， the other is taking the cable car。
放学后许多学生参加课外小组活动，一些打篮球、另一些与外教练习英语。
After school a lot of students take part in some activities， some go to the computer group， some play basketball， others practice English with the foreign teachers。
41 prefer…to
他喜欢坐火车旅行，而不是坐公共汽车。
He prefers traveling by train to traveling by bus。
我喜欢网上购物，而不是商店购物。
I prefer shopping on line to going shopping。
我宁愿买新的，也不愿修它。
I prefer buying a new one to mending it。
42 see/hear sb。 do(doing) sth。
我看见他用一块漂亮的布盖在桌子上。
I saw him cover the desk with a piece of beautiful cloth。
当我们过桥的时候，我们看到一个男孩掉入河中。
When we crossed the bridge， we saw a boy fall into the river。
我听到有人大叫：着火了!
I heard someone shouting： “Fire!”
43 so…that
这个电影院太大了，没几个人能轻易找到入口处。
The cinema is so big that few can find the entrance to it easily。
这本字典太厚了，这个一岁半的加拿大小孩拿不动它。
The dictionary is so thick that the one and a half-year-old Canadian boy can’t carry it。
我爸爸住得太远，我们几乎看不到他。
My dad lives so far that we can hardly see him。
44 spend…on /(in) doing sth。
我们每天花半小时听英语。
We spend half an hour listening to English every day。
她花很多时间冲浪。
She spent lots of time surfing。
她花很多钱买衣服。
She spent much money on the clothes。
45 stop to do /stop doing
这些美味的蛋糕也没能留住他。
Even these delicious cakes didn’t stop him from leaving。
请你停下来听我说好吗?
Would you please stop to listen to me?
别这么吵闹。
Stop making so much noise。
46 such a +adj。 +n。 that…
北京是如此美丽的一个地方，大多数人都认为它是一个旅游的好地方。
Beijing is such a beautiful place that most people think it’s a good place to travel。
这个电影太有趣了，我还想再看一遍。
It’s such an interesting film that I want to see it again。
他是一个勇敢的孩子，他父母为他感到骄傲。
He is such a brave boy that his parents are proud of him。
47 take/bring sth with sb。
别忘了下雨时带伞。
Don’t forget to bring umbrella with you。
珍妮认为旅游不好是因为她去参观的时候需要带好多东西。
Jenny doesn’t think traveling is good because she needs to take a lot of things with her when she is visiting the places。
爱美明天要和同学们去野餐，她正准备明天要带去的许多蛋糕、水果、和三明治。
Amy is going to have a picnic with her classmates。 She is getting ready to take cakes， fruit and sandwiches with her。
48 thank sb for sth。
他感谢他们为他打扫教室。
He thanks them for cleaning the classroom for him。
谢谢你给我买了这么漂亮的花。
Thanks for buying so beautiful flowers for me.588.es
谢谢邀请我们。
Thank you for inviting us。
49 The 比较级， the 比较级
你现在学习越努力，你考试就考得越好。
The harder you work， the higher marks you’ll get。
我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger。
我们相聚越多就越快乐。
The more we get together， the happier we’ll be。
50 There is sth。 wrong with…
这个大而旧的闹钟有问题了，它不走了
There is sth wrong with the big old clock。 It doesn’t work。
这台机器出毛病了。
There is sth wrong with the machine。
他的自行车有毛病了，他不能再骑了。
There is sth wrong with his bike。 He can’t ride it any more。
51 too…to
我起床太晚了，没赶上早班车。
I got up too late to catch the early bus。
这项工作太难，我独自做不了。
The work is too hard for me to do it alone。
这个宾馆太贵了，我们支付不起。
The price of the restaurant is too high for us to afford it。
52 used to
我过去常常和他一起去公园。
I used to go to park with him。
这个病人曾经对他强壮的身体感到十分自豪。
The patient used to be proud of his strong body。
我叔叔去年夏天在超市卖菜。
My uncle used to sell vegetables in the supermarket。
53 What about /How about…?
许多乘客都已描述了那可怕的事故，你呢?
Many passengers have described the terrible accident， what about you?
去深海潜水怎么样?
What about diving deep into the sea?
试一试怎么样?
What about having a try?
54 What’s the matter with…?
这个竞赛怎么回事?专家都去哪了?
What’s the matter with the competition? Where has the expert gone?
你看起来很着急，有什么事?
You look worried。 What’s the matter with you?
李雷今天没来上学，他怎么了?
Li Lei didn’t come to school today。 What’s the matter with him?
55 What’s wrong…?
那位女士问医生她的左眼怎么啦。
The lady asked the doctor what was wrong with her left eye。
你怎么啦 _我头痛。
What’s wrong with you? I’ve had a headache。
56 Why not…?
为什么不把它的作业还给他呢?
Why not return/ give his homework back to him?
为何Tom 不做点家务呢?
Why not Tom does a bit of housework?
昨天晚上你为什么没去看电影?
Why not you go to see the film last night?
57 Will (would， could) you please…?
请你把奶酪递给我，好吗?
Will you please pass me the cheese?
请你们保持教室的清洁整齐好吗?
Would you please keep our classroom clean and tidy?
请你在英语方面帮助我好吗?
Would you please help me with my English?
58 both…and
林涛和李蕾都在图书馆。
Both Lin Tao and Li Lei are in the library。
英语和数学都重要。
Both English and math are important。
她喜欢她的父母。
She likes both her mum and dad。
59 not only…but also
他会讲法语还会讲流利的英语。
He can speak not only French but also fluent English。
他不仅是一位作家，还是一位发明家。
He is not only a writer， but also an inventor。
如果你要把英文学好，你不仅要大量的阅读，还要坚持用英文和别人进行交谈。
If you want to learn English well， you should not only read a lot， but also talk with others in English。
60 stop sb from doing
小孩喜欢跨过草坪玩儿，李老师常阻止他们这样做。
The children like to play across the grass。 Ms Li often stops them from doing that。
这些美味的蛋糕也没能留住他。
Even the delicious cake couldn’t stop him from going away。
什么也挡不住我去广州。
Nothing can stop me from going to Guangzhou。
61 get on with
尽管他才来中国一个月，但他已与班上同学们相处得很融洽了。
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