翻译资格考试初级口译测试题

翻译资格考试初级口译测试题（通用11篇）

翻译资格考试初级口译测试题 篇1

该条约对烟草行业策略的全面防御包括规定措施，以减少烟草制品的非法贸易、解决赔偿责任问题、支持经济上可行的替代作物和保护公共卫生政策免遭不当压力。

The Framework Convention is clearly working to safeguard health in all countries that have adopted and enforced it. Yet, as the reports from States parties show, we have a long way to go. I urge all parties to fully meet their obligations under the Treaty, and I call on the few countries that have not yet become parties to do so. Together, we can halt the tobacco epidemic and the many problems it brings.

在所有已通过和执行了框架公约的国家中，该公约显然正在发挥保障健康的作用。然而，正如一些缔约国报告所显示的那样，我们还有很长的路要走。我敦促所有缔约方充分履行条约所规定的义务，我也呼吁无数不多的尚未成为缔约方的国家成为缔约方。我们齐心合力，就可以制止烟草的流行及其带来的诸多问题。

On this World No Tobacco Day, let us push for progress that will cut tobacco-related deaths and enliven the battle against other non-communicable diseases, helping to create a healthier world for all.

值此世界无烟日，让我们推动进步以减少与烟草有关的死亡和加强防治其他非传染性疾病的斗争，帮助创造一个让所有人都更加健康的世界。

联合国秘书长国际家庭日致辞

Far too many families endure chronic, punishing hardship. Lacking jobs and the means to make ends meet, adults are unable to provide adequate nutrition for children, leaving them with lifelong physical and cognitive scars. Other family members can suffer neglect and deprivation. Poverty continues to claim the lives of hundreds of thousands of women each year in childbirth.

太多的家庭饱受长期经济困难的折磨。由于缺乏就业机会和谋生手段，父母不能为儿童提供足够的营养，给他们留下了终身的身体缺陷和心灵创伤。还有一些家庭成员被人所遗忘，一贫如洗。每年仍有数十万妇女因贫穷而死于分娩。

Social exclusion is often at the root of the problem. Discrimination and unequal access to social services deprive families of the opportunity to plan a better future for their children.

社会排斥往往是问题的根源。受到歧视，以及获得社会服务的机会不均，使家庭无法为他们的孩子谋划一个更好的未来。

Certain types of families are at particular risk, including large families, single-parent families, families where the main breadwinners are unemployed or suffer from illness or disability, families with members who suffer discrimination based on sexual orientation, and families living in urban slums or rural areas. Indigenous and migrant families, as well as those living through conflict or unrest, are also on the front lines of marginalization and deprivation.

翻译资格考试初级口译测试题 篇2

1 口译笔记的特点

1.1 口译与笔译的区别

口译 (Interpreting) 与笔译 (translation) 是翻译的两种不同形式, 其中口译主要是通过口头方式 (包括非语言方式) 对信息或文本进行口语体翻译的活动。与笔译不同, 口译具有即席性强、现场压力大、信息面广等特点, 对译者的知识积累、语言水平以及反应能力要求颇高[1], 这就要求译者在参与实践口译工作之前经过大量地练习。

1.2 口译笔记与速记的区别

口译笔记与速记 (shorthand) 的特征不同。主要体现在以下两方面:一方面是方式, 速记是用不同于文字的专用符号系统快速记录语言, 要求对讲话内容、顺序进行完全一致的纪录, 而口译笔记可以根据考生自身的喜好和习惯, 用文字和各种符号记录, 可根据逻辑顺序选择性地突出重点, 适当调整, 保持与讲话内容的一致性[2]。另一方面是目的, 速记只是对符号的简单记录, 后期整理只是对源语言的简单重现, 而口译笔记的目的在于用简明的提示, 帮助考生完整、顺畅地对源语进行翻译, 起到两种不同语言之间转化的桥梁作用, 从而实现两种文化之间的相互理解[3]。

1.3 口译笔记对于口译考试的重要性

人的记忆机制是指人脑对各种信息的储存、提取和加工, 可分为感官记忆、短时记忆和长时记忆, 这三种类型的记忆方式协同工作构成了人的记忆系统。感官记忆指在受到外界信息刺激产生的听觉、触觉、嗅觉等;长时记忆指背景知识起到的认知补充作用;而短时记忆指在一次性听辨源语之后, 根据前后语境进行的理解记忆。佛朗索瓦曾说:“每个字都有许多含义, 每一篇文章特定能指意义的选择取决于这个字前后的字词。”[4]我们必须认识到, 对于口译考试, 短时记忆是重要的。信息在大脑中存储一分钟左右属于短时记忆, 而这短短的一分钟是口译考试过程中大脑高速运转的时间, 考生需要对源语进行关联和双语对应转换。[5]但是, 口译考试中的源语信息量是巨大的, 并且由于短时记忆的限制, 已经超出了其负载能力, 如果仅仅依靠短时记忆来完成口译, 势必会造成关键信息的丢失, 无法实现译文的完整性, 而能否减少大量源语信息对大脑短时记忆和理解能力的干扰成为了取得理想成绩的关键因素[6]。因此考生在口译考试过程中需要记录口译笔记来补充和完善记忆, 同时大量的实践表明, 口译笔记对于源语信息的完整表达起到了至关重要的作用。

2 记录口译笔记的误区

人们通常认为, 口译程序只包含理解和表达, 法国释义派理论将口译程序分为理解-脱离源于语言外壳-表达三个过程。[7]因此, 完整的口译笔记 (note-taking) 也并不是指简单的笔记本身, 而是包括形成笔记 (encoding) 和转换笔记 (decoding) 两个主要部分。其中形成笔记的过程与听力理解的过程同步进行, 考生需要在听到源语音频的同时记录相应的笔记, 然而一些考生在准备考试的初期, 对如何练习口译笔记无从下手, 通常是听到什么写什么, 尝试将所有内容都记下来, 过分依靠笔记, 造成记录速度过慢和遗漏大量重要信息的现象。在转换笔记方面, 一些考生由于笔记符号不熟练, 没有形成完整的笔记体系, 在音频结束开始口译时, 出现无法辨认自己笔记的情况, 不知道所记符号或缩写代表的含义, 导致口译内容遗漏或错误的结果。

3 考试中的口译笔记

3.1 记录口译笔记的常见方法

记录口译笔记的方法多种多样, 最重要的标准即是考生本人能通过笔记准确完整的回忆起讲话内容。[8]主流的口译笔记法包括“穿透型”笔记法 (P型) 和“阶梯结构型” (T型) 笔记法。“穿透”型 (penetrate) 笔记法, 顾名思义即穿透语言表面, 直接表达信息的内涵意义。“穿透”型笔记法的使用规则为横向记录, 每个意群之间以“/”分割, 达到4个“/”就换行, 其他并列和列举关系的信息纵向记录, 可用大括号连起来方便辨识。

另一种是“阶梯结构”型, 其方式为笔记呈对角线分布:

“主语

谓语

宾语”

将笔记信息从上至下排列, 行与行之间要留空隙, 整篇笔记纸的左边要留出空白, 用以标示意群间的逻辑关系, 并在每一段音频停顿后, 在对应笔记的下方划一道横线, 从而区分相邻两段翻译之间的间隔位置。

3.2 考试过程中影响记录口译笔记的若干因素

在考试过程中, 考生的心理状况、生理状态以及平时的练习积累和对考题范围的充分了解, 都会影响到记录口译笔记的准确性和流畅性。例如考生过于紧张, 可能会造成记忆功能和理解功能减退, 然而由于平时练习量不够, 考生可能会遗忘某些符号或缩写表达方式, 造成源语信息丢失。因此, 考生在备考过程中需要反复练习记录口译笔记的技巧, 熟悉笔记符号, 形成系统性的条件反射, 这样可以最大程度避免由于紧张、缺乏练习等原因影响考试过程中记录口译笔记的有效性。另外, 口译考试中用于记录口译笔记的空间是有限的, 口译考试中的口译笔记存在其特殊性, 如果不能合理利用口译笔记的空间, 会导致考试进行至后段无法记录笔记, 或是记录的笔记混乱以至于无法辨认的情况发生。

3.3 如何在考试过程中记录口译笔记

口译当中的记忆和笔记记录的过程是同步发生的, 通常还会出现笔记慢于记忆的特点, 这是因为口译人员首先需要理解听力材料形成记忆, 再以符号或缩写形式形成笔记。然而由于考试时听力材料的长短约为30秒-1分钟, 考生要在一定长度的时间内高效率、高准确度的做笔记。

3.3.1 简要性

书写简短, 不追求全记。口译笔记具有很强的即时性、功能性和个性化, 因此口译笔记在记录时应该保持简明扼要, 比如“government”写成gov, 英语国家常用缩写“asap”表示“as soon as possible”, “资本主义”简写成“资”等等, 在平日训练过程中形成一套约定俗成的简写模式, 将极大提高笔记效率和译文准确度, 增强考试过程中的信心。

3.3.2 层次性

运用垂直笔记法, 少横多竖, 按照意群换行, 突出关键信息。为了使译文内容连贯、思路清晰, 在做笔记时要需要注意逻辑分析, 对听力材料中的因果、转折、让步等关系, 按照层次从上往下垂直记录, 这样即能减轻考生的记忆负担, 还可以方便考生在横向空白处补充对应的附加信息, 如程度副词、时间顺序、特殊名词等, 从而更清晰、全面地呈现听力材料的信息和意义。

3.3.3 多符号、多语言混用

用目的语 (target language) 和源语 (source language) 做笔记都有各自的优势。目的语一方面能帮助考生跳出源语的语言形式, 减轻二次处理笔记信息的负担, 使译出过程更顺畅;另一方面, 源语记录更便于理解, 如用我们的母语汉语记录, 则比英文更方便、快捷, 且可以利用象形文字的特点, 用简单的偏旁部首代替一个复杂的词语意义。如“创新”就可以用提手旁表示, “影响”可以用三撇代替, “水源”用三点水偏旁表示等等。符号方面, 已经有一些相对固定的形式, 例如:

“↑”上升, 发展, 扩大, 加强

“↓”下降, 减少, 恶化, 裁减

“→”导致, 输出, 派遣, 进入, 结论

“:”来自, 源于, 追溯至, 进口, 收到

“Δ”代表等等

考生可以在实践过程中参考以上这些范例, 英汉并用, 缩略语和符号间插, 对照文本反复练习, 形成最有效的适合自己的笔记记录法。

4 总结

对译员而言, 除了最基础的人脑记忆机制之外, 一个系统化的笔记方法能在各种翻译场合, 特别是交替传译中起到至关重要的作用[9]。因此, 在备考过程中, 应加强双语能力的训练, 通过大量的精听练习提高听觉敏锐度, 以保证源语输入的顺畅性。同时通过不断学习不同领域知识, 完善背景知识体系, 成为“jack of all trades”, 为口译过程中调动长时记忆做好充分的语料准备。再辅以一定笔记方法和技巧, 加之大量的实战练习 (如反复录音, 对照范本自查) , 为口译考试做足充分的准备, 更为日后的口译实践工作打下扎实的基础[10]。

总言之, 口译笔记的方法因人而异, 译员之间的笔记参考意义不大, 因此, 每个人都应根据自身能力和习惯, 在夯实语言基础和丰富背景知识的前提下, 通过实践逐步建立起属于自己的一套得心应手的记录方法。

摘要：记录口译笔记是口译考试过程中必不可少的环节, 良好的口译笔记记录能力可提升译文的准确度、流畅度以及语言表达的规范程度。由于各种影响因素, 考生在考试过程中常出现语速不当、混淆逻辑、遗漏信息等问题, 从而导致考试结果不理想。分析其原因, 一方面是由于实践经验不足和语言功底不扎实, 另一方面则是由于考试过程中记录口译笔记的能力较差。文章首先阐述了口译笔记的特点以及其在口译考试中的重要性。其次, 分析了考试过程中影响成绩的重要因素, 如身心状态, 记忆能力和笔记之间的互补性等。此外, 文章就如何在口译考试中有效地记录笔记提出了一些基本原则, 如简要性, 层次性以及多符号混用等方法综合使用。最后, 文章指出口译考试成功与否, 既依靠译员长期积累储备知识、经验, 还需要将瞬间接收的信息与长期记忆激活, 并转化成笔记, 使口译过程持续流畅进行。

关键词：口译考试,影响因素,记忆与笔记互补,笔记方法

参考文献

[1]鲍刚.口译理论概述[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版有限公司, 2011:192-194.

[2]包燕, 王甦.分配注意对短时记忆中知觉组织的影响[J].心理学报, 2000 (3) .

[3]邓炎昌, 刘润清.语言与文化[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1989:139-142.

[4]勒代雷.释义学派口笔译理论[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版社, 2011:16-18.

[5]勒代雷.口译训练指南[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版有限公司, 2011:226.

[6]李少彦.口译中超语言探析[J].中国翻译, 2011 (3) .

[7]刘和平.口译技巧-思维科学与口译推理教学法[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版社, 2011:58-61.

[8]诺兰.口译:技巧与操练[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2008:294.

[9]任文.英汉口译教程[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2011:92-93.

翻译资格考试初级口译测试题 篇3

从80 年代小规模的试验性的①投资到近年来系统化的②投资，这一发展过程说明一个依法执法的稳定的中国增强了外国投资者的信心。《财富》杂志对在中国的外国投资者作了一次最新的调查，调查结果表明，始于1993年的跨国公司的大规模、系统化的投资到将登上一个新的高峰③。

难点提示：

①pilot

②systematic

③peak

So far， over 200 of Fortune’s top 500 companies have invested in China. By less than a 30-minute drive from the Village.

翻译考试口译试题 篇4

英译中

?Information and communications are central to modern society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.

?It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the long run, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for and open communications system with objective information.

【参考译文】

信息和交流对现代社会和机构是非常重要的。了解工作环境的一个方法是把一个机构看作一个交流系统。如果一个机构有着公开的交流渠道，内部上下沟通，信息真实可靠，那么它就是颇有工作效能的，在这里工作比在一个企图限制信息交流或进行歪曲和欺骗的机构中工作要好得多。领导如果什么事情都不对员工讲，员工就会对领导不信任。这就破坏了他们的.合作。

懂得公开真诚的交流和可靠信息的价值和重要性是不难的。然而，只有极少数的机构可以做到这点。从长远来看，交流不好，会破坏整个机构。限制沟通和曲解信息是短期行为的思路。我们必须避免这些愚昧、短视的陷阱，不断地努力营造一个以客观信息为基础的沟通体系。

中译英

中华民族历来爱好自由与和平。中国人始终希望天下太平，希望同各国人民友好相处。中国人民在近代饱受战争和侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。任何一个国家建设和发展，都需要一个和平稳定的国际国内环境。任何一个国家和民族的自由，都是一切个人自由的前提和基础。我们希望各国人民都生活在没有战争和暴力的世界里，希望各国人民都能享有不被人压迫、歧视和欺凌的自由。

【参考译文】

The Chinese people have been a freedom-and-peace-loving nation. They have always hoped for the world to be at peace and the peoples of various countries to co-exist peacefully. Having suffered from wars and foreign aggression in modern times, the Chinese people treasure freedom and peace all the more. Every nation needs a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment for its construction and development. The freedom of a country or nation is the prerequisite and base of the freedom of any individual.

翻译资格考试口译三级词汇 篇5

城市固定资产投资 urban fixed-asset investment

城乡结合部 rural-urban fringe zone 车险 auto insurance

城市规划 city’s landscaping plan; urban planning

in stock 现有，备有

on the side 作为兼职，额外

on a large scale 大规模地

with respect to 关于

by reason of 由于

to the point 切中要害，切题

out of place 不得其所的，不适当的

on the point 即将......的时候

out of practice 久不练习，荒疏

in proportion to (与......)成比例的

at any rate 无论如何，至少

as a rule 规章，规则;通常，照例

by virtue of 由于

in the way of 妨碍

on the whole 总的来说

after a while 过了一会，不久

in a way 在某点， 在某种程度上

【Imbalanced 失衡的; 安排不均的】

the present imbalanced structure of world trade.当前世界贸易的失衡结构。

【Unbalanced 不公正的; 片面的】

UN officials argued that the report was unbalanced. 联合国官员们辩称那份报告有失公正。

on the second thoughts 经重新考虑，一转念

at a time 每次，一次

at no time 从不，决不

at one time 同时，曾经，从前曾

at the same time 但是，然而 at times 有时

跟踪审计 follow-up auditing

根除腐败 root out corruption; eliminate corruption

根本政治制度 fundamental political system

各人民团体 mass organizations

股份制 the joint stock system

股票热降温了 the stock craze has abated

个体户 self-employed households /people

个体工商业者 individual industrialists and businessman

股市指数突破1300点大关 the stock index broke the 1300-poit mark

economy of scale 规模经济

holdings 控股，所持股份

initial offerings 原始股

innovative business 创新企业

strong growth 强劲的增长势头

venture-capital 风险资本

爱国人士 patriotic personage

学术报告会，专题讨论会 symposium 占

百分比 account for ...%

国际文化交流 intercultural communication

坚持社会主义方向 to keep to the socialist orientation

Abode n.住处

Coax v.诱哄 .

Dispense v.分配

Gingerly adv.极度小心;谨慎的

Obstruct v.阻隔;遮断

Overthrow v.推翻

Slim adj.细长的

Recapture v.收复

Attic n.阁楼;顶楼

Diminish v.减少

Jolly adj.愉快的

Exalt v.赞扬

Industrialize v.使工业化

unswervingly 坚定不移地

unilateral 单边的

underestimate; underestimation 低估

dynamism 充满活力

grand ideal 崇高理想

extensive and profound 博大深远

volatile 不稳定的;多变的

irrationality 不合理

non-alignment 不结盟

cornerstone 基石

peaceful means 和平方式

reciprocal contract 互惠合同

peace diplomacy 和平外交

active defense 积极防御

partners of mutual benefit and cooperation 互利合作的伙伴

proclamation 公告

fairness 公平

justice 公正，正义

consensus 共识

go overboard 过分

翻译资格考试中级口译考试热点 篇6

博客

security announcement

安全公告

commercial

商业的

sketch

素描

mass media

大众传媒

wall painting

壁画

news agency

通讯社

Web page

网页

news press

新闻发布会

website

网站

高频句型：

1. 电子出版物能高速提供巨大的信息流，所以现代人对其十分满意。

Electronic publication provides such a huge flow of information at rapid speeds, much to the satisfaction of modern man.

2. 因特网给图书馆带来了革命性的变化。使用一台联网的个人电脑，你就可以浏览数据、书籍、杂志和目录。

Internet has brought revolutionary changes to libraries. One can browse data, books, magazines and catalogs by using PC connected to the network.

命题发言：

翻译资格考试中级口译复习讲义 篇7

副总统(或大学副校长等)vice president

副主席(或系副主任等)vice chairman

副总理 vice premier

副部长 vice minister

副省长 vice governor

副市长 vice mayor

副领事 vice consul

翻译资格考试口译二级练习题 篇8

白手起家build up from nothing / build up from scratch / start from scratch

百里挑一one in a hundred / the cream of the crop

2. 百折不挠be indomitable

半途而废give up halfway / leave sth. unfinished

包罗万象all-embracing / all-inclusive

3. 饱经风霜weather-beaten

卑躬屈膝bow and scrape / cringe

悲欢离合vicissitudes of life

4. 背道而驰run counter to / run in the opposite direction

本末倒置put the cart before the horse

必由之路the only way

5. 闭关自守close the country to international intercourse

变本加厉be further intensified

别有用心have ulterior motives

6. 彬彬有礼refined and courteous / urbane

兵不厌诈in war nothing is too deceitful

博古通今erudite and informed

7. 不败之地invincible position

不耻下问feel not ashamed to learn from one’s subordinates

不可救药be past praying for / beyond redemption

8. 不劳而获reap where one has not sown

不屈不挠fortitude / perseverance / persevere / tenacity

不速之客gate crasher / uninvited guest

9. 不同凡响outstanding

不言而喻speak for itself / tell its own story / tell its own tale / go without saying

不远千里go to the trouble of travelling a long distance

10. 不约而同happen to coincide

不择手段by any kind of means / by hook or crook / play hard by fair means or foul

不知所措be at a loss / be all adrift / lose one’s head / out of one’s wits

11. 才疏学浅have little talent and learning

惨绝人寰extremely cruel

沧海桑田time brings a great change to the worlds

12. 沧海一粟 / 九牛一毛a drop in the bucket

草木皆兵a state of extreme nervousness

察言观色carefully watch what sb. is doing and saying

13. 姹紫嫣红very beautiful flowers

车水马龙heavy traffic

称心如意well-content

14. 趁热打铁strike while iron is hot

诚惶诚恐with reverence and awe

诚心诚意with sincere desire

15. 承上启下a connecting link between the preceding and the following

吃里扒外live on sb. while helping others secretly

痴心妄想、胡思乱想wishful thinking

16. 叱咤风云ride the whirlwind

愁眉苦脸pull a long face / snoot

臭名远扬，臭名昭著notorious / flagrant

17. 出口成章have an outstanding eloquence

出奇制胜defeat sb. by a surprise action

出生入死go through fire and water

18. 触类旁通comprehend by analogy

绰绰有余more than sufficient

此起彼伏as one falls, another rises / keep cropping up / keep emerging

19. 从容不迫go easy / take one’s time

粗枝大叶careless / slapdash / sloppy

措手不及unaware / unprepared

20. 打草惊蛇act rashly and alert the enemy

大材小用waste one’s talent on a petty job

大惑不解be extremely puzzled

21. 大惊小怪a storm in a teacup

大快人心afford general satisfaction

大名鼎鼎famous / well known

22. 大器晚成great minds mature slowly

大千世界the boundless universe

大失所望greatly disappointed

23. 大显身手、大显神通strut one’s stuff

大义凛然inspiring awe by upholding justice

大义灭亲place righteousness above family loyalty

24. 大智若愚Still waters run deep / An empty vessel makes the most sound / Still water runs deep

呆若木鸡dumbstruck / transfixed

待人接物the way one gets along with others

25. 殚思极虑rack one’s brains

胆战心惊的funky

淡泊明志not seek fame and wealth

26. 道貌岸然be sanctimonious

得过且过drift along / muddle along

得天独厚的advantaged

27. 得心应手handy / with facility

得意忘形 / 得意洋洋 bloat / get dizzy with success / ride high / high-blown / perky / triumphant

德才兼备have both ability and moral integrity

28. 德高望重sainted / saint-like

登峰造极reach the limit / reach the peak of perfection

翻译考试一级口译提升练习 篇9

中国政府把环境保护作为一项基本国策。保护环境关系到我国现代化建设的全局和长远发展，是造福当代、惠及子孙的事业。坚持保护环境的基本国策，深入实施可持续发展战略;坚持预防为主、综合治理，全面推进、重点突破，着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题;坚持创新体制机制，依靠科技进步，强化环境法治，发挥社会各方面的积极性。我国环境保护取得了积极进展，环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势减缓，部分流域区域污染治理取得初步成效，部分城市和地区环境质量有所改善，工业产品的污染排放强度有所下降。

【参考译文】

The Chinese government regards environmental protection as a basic national policy. Environmental protection not only has a bearing on the overall situation of China’s modernization drive and its long-term development, but also constitutes an undertaking which will benefit the Chinese people of today and their descendents. Sticking to environmental protection as a basic national policy, Chinese government has deeply implemented sustainable strategies for development. Adhering to the principle of comprehensive control with the emphasis on prevention, entire push-on with breakthroughs in key areas, Chinese government has made great efforts to solve those striking environmental problems threatening people’s health. It has persisted in institutional innovation, relied on technological advances, strengthened the role of law in environmental protection and brought into full play the initiative of various sectors of the society. Thanks to the achievements in our environmental protection, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecological destruction has slowed down, pollution control in some river basins has achieved some initial success, the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved to some extent, and the extent of pollution discharge of industrial products has lessened.

翻译资格考试初级口译测试题 篇10

10月19日上午，中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理刘鹤就当前经济金融热点问题接受了人民日报记者龚雯、新华社记者赵承、中央电视台记者许强的联合采访。

首先，我想特别强调，我们必须坚定不移贯彻基本经济制度，坚持“两个毫不动摇”，一方面毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，另一方面毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。

I want to emphasize in particular that we must uphold the basic economic system. There must be no irresolution about working to consolidate and develop the public sector; and there must be no irresolution about working to encourage, support and guide the development of the nonpublic sector.

目前在实际执行过程中，存在一些误解和偏差，比如说有些机构的业务人员认为，给国有企业提供贷款是安全的，但给民营企业贷款政治上有风险，宁可不作为，也不犯政治错误。这种认识和做法是完全错误的。

There are misunderstanding and deviation in implementation Some lenders think that it is safe to provide loans to State-owned enterprises, but politically risky to loan to private businesses. This kind of understanding and practice is completely wrong.

我们必须从讲政治、讲大局的高度认识这个问题。民营经济在整个经济体系中具有重要地位，贡献了50%以上的税收，60%以上的GDP，70%以上的技术创新，80%以上的城镇劳动就业，90%以上的新增就业和企业数量。

The private sector plays an important role in the economic system, contributing more than 50 percent of tax revenue, 60 percent of GDP, 70 percent of technological innovation, 80 percent of urban employment and 90 percent of new jobs and new firms.

如果没有民营企业的发展，就没有整个经济的稳定发展;如果没有高质量的民营企业体系，就没有现代产业体系，支持民营企业发展就是支持整个国民经济的发展。那些为了所谓“个人安全”、不支持民营企业发展的行为，在政治取向上存在很大问题，必须坚决予以纠正。

Without private enterprises, the entire economy cannot achieve stable development. The practices of not supporting private businesses for “private safety” are politically problematic and must be rectified.

对民营企业，要强调“四个必须”：

一是必须坚持基本经济制度，充分发挥中小微企业和民营经济在我国经济社会发展中的重要作用。

We must uphold the basic economic system and give full play to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and the private sector in economic and social development.

二是必须高度重视中小微企业当前面临的暂时困难，采取精准有效措施大力支持中小微企业发展。

We must pay high attention to the difficulties faced by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and roll out precise and effective measures to help them.

三是必须进一步深化研究在减轻税费负担、解决融资难题、完善环保治理、提高科技创新能力等方面支持中小微企业发展的政策措施。

Efforts should be made to intensify research on working out policies aiming for boosting growth of private businesses in aspects including reducing burdens from taxes and administrative fees, solving financing problems, improving environmental governance, as well as enhancing technological innovation ability.

四是必须提高中小微企业和民营经济自身能力，不断适应市场环境变化，努力实现高质量发展。

Efforts should also be made to help private businesses improve their own capability and adapt to market changes, and achieve high-quality development.

最近，国务院促进中小企业发展工作领导小组办公室、全国工商联等要专门到各地了解基本经济制度的落实情况和中小微企业的发展情况，希望大家给予支持。

The State Council and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce will send special groups to inspect the implementation of the basic economic system and the development of micro, small and medium-sized companies.

翻译资格考试初级口译测试题 篇11

A country needs to keep up with the new developments, and so are the international organizations. WTO is no exception. The Doha Round has been dragging on for years. Over the past decade, the hundreds of millions of dollars in agricultural subsidies in the developed members have remained largely unchanged. But at the same time, new forms of business, such as e-commerce, have flourished across the world. WTO is not providing international norms to address any of these issues. What is even more alarming is that the organization seems to be losing effectiveness to rein in the rampage of unilateralism and protectionism.

因此，WTO需要改革、必须改革。同时，改革必须坚持正确的方向，采取恰当的方式。

For all these reasons, WTO needs a reform. But the reform should be in the right direction and taking the right approach.

第一，改革必须坚持反对保护主义、单边主义的方向，必须有助于推进世界范围的贸易自由化、投资便利化进程，必须坚持非歧视的原则，必须充分发扬民主。改革不是另起炉灶，对已经制定的规则，大家都要遵守;如有人破坏，应群起反对之。

First, the reform needs to be firmly set in the course of fighting against unilateralism and protectionism. It has to push for worldwide trade liberalization and investment facilitation. It has to stick to the principle of non-discrimination and adopt a democratic approach. Reform is not to reinvent the wheel. The existing rules must be fully respected and faithfully implemented. Reform is not an excuse for not implementing the rules, and any such attempt should be met with resistance from the members.

新的商业领域需要新规则，也应允许部分成员，也许可从志同道合的成员开始进行探索，但要充分听取和考虑广大发展中国家的意见和需求，最终形成多边规则。

With respect to making new rules for new forms of business activities, we should allow members, maybe starting with groups of like-minded ones, to explore these issues, but we also need to duly consider the views and needs of the developing members and fully consult with them. Only through an inclusive process, can we maybe eventually reach multilateral outcomes.

第二，改革需要有优先顺序，循序渐进，不能好高骛远。通过成员间的协商和谈判，如果能够尽快恢复WTO争端解决机制的正常运转，如果能够在如期达成渔业补贴协议，如果能在电子商务、投资便利化、中小微企业等议题的讨论上有所进展，如果能够在透明度等问题上也做出一些改善，对于将于举行的第12届WTO贸易部长会议来说，已是功莫大焉。在上述领域的改革中，中国愿意发挥积极的、建设性的作用，并做出与自身能力相称的贡献。

Second, we need to prioritize and take a step-by-step approach, and stay away from moonshot targets. If, through consultations and negotiations among the members, we could expeditiously restore the proper functioning of the dispute settlement mechanism, achieve an agreement on fishery subsidies in as we planned, make progress on the new topics such as e-commerce, investment facilitation and MSMEs, make improvements in terms of transparency. If we can achieve these targets at the MC12 in 2020, I think we can already call it a success. China is willing to play a proactive and constructive role, and to make contributions within its capacities.

有人把WTO比喻成为一个患了严重疾病的人，如果是这样的话，做出正确诊断比匆忙开出药方更重要。今天的讨论可以算是一次医生的集体会诊，类似的会诊也许会以不同的方式进行多次，直到我们确认真正的病源是什么，然后再对症下药。

People sometimes say that the WTO is a patient in a critical state with multiple failing organs. If that is the case, urgently resorting the functioning of the organs and making the right diagnostics of the illness is more important that rushing to give prescriptions. Today’s discussion might be a group consultation of doctors to identify what is the cause of the illness and work on a plan for proper treatment. We might have many such group consultations in different formats so that we can have the right understanding of the issues and provide the right solutions.

我们每个人都知道WTO的危机来自何方。任何一个国家或者个人对WTO的态度，都只是WTO改革的背景，而不是改革的原因。当然我们必须要做最坏的打算，但我不想针对假设性的问题花费过多的时间。我只想说，我们会在自己的能力和职责范围内，努力推动正确的WTO改革。

We all know where the crisis of WTO comes from, but whatever a particular country or a particular individual thinks about the WTO, it can only serve as the context rather than the reason for the reform of the WTO. Of course, we have to prepare for the worst, but I don’t want to spend too much time on hypothetical scenarios. I just want to say that we will, within our capacities and responsibilities, work hard to push for the right reform of the WTO.