风筝 林徽因 赏析（通用3篇）
全诗两节，各七行，每节对应行的字数相同，连标点符号用法也一模一样，结构上突出了建筑美。从内容看，每节前两行都是实写，后五行则是虚写，是实写意象的延伸，是联想，是诗人心理感受的描摹。诗人捕捉到美丽瞬间――“艳丽如同露珠”般的笑颜，那笑靥就像朵朵鲜艳桃花的倩影。诗中“她”在笑，“她的眼睛、口唇和唇边浑圆的漩涡”，“她惺忪的”、“散乱的挨着她耳朵”的鬓发都在笑。诗人也在笑，诗人笑“她”的“笑”，她们对视而笑，笑得那样甜美，透过微启的贝齿，那“痒痒的甜蜜，涌进了你的心窝”。那是“神的笑，美的笑”，“诗的笑，画的笑”，似轻漾的柔波，如晨风的轻歌，像无声逝去的流云，是那样的轻软。透过这轻漾的笑靥，我们仿佛看到了“她”所经历的赏心乐事，这是一种笑态，也是一种心态的反映，让人产生无限遐想。
全诗大致押韵，给人一种轻松自如的节奏感。整首诗是一曲轻唱似的妙乐，是一帧柔美亮丽的佳构。
这首诗再现了诗人对美的感觉和领悟，诗人捕捉到轻漾浅笑的瞬间，从自然美着笔烘托人间的美，调动了她对古建筑的诗情画意、审美感知，写得纤巧灵动。
故事梗概
12岁的阿富汗富家少爷阿米尔与仆人哈桑情同手足。然而,一场风筝比赛后,在追回他们赢来的风筝时,阿米尔眼睁睁地看着自己的好友哈桑被残忍地欺辱,却始终没有勇气走上去救他。阿米尔为自己的懦弱感到自责和痛苦,逼走了哈桑。不久,自己也跟随父亲逃往了美国。成年后的阿米尔始终无法原谅自己当年对哈桑的背叛。十几年过去了,阿米尔终于因为心中的愧疚,再次回到了那个动乱的地方,希望能为好友哈桑尽最后一点心力,却发现一个惊天秘密,原来哈桑和他是同父异母的兄弟。忠实的哈桑因保卫阿米尔的家而被打死,而哈桑的儿子也落入了塔利班的魔爪,儿时的噩梦再度在哈桑的儿子身上重演。此时的阿米尔勇敢地迈出了走向救赎的第一步,历经磨难最终救出了哈桑的儿子,灵魂得到了救赎。
精彩段落
本段落是关于小主人阿米尔少爷与仆人哈桑童年的描述,字里行间中流露出他们之间的深厚友谊及哈桑的憨厚、纯朴、聪明和对小主人的忠心。
After school,Hassan and I met up,grabbed1 a book,and trotted2 up a bowl-shaped hill just north of my father’s property in Wazir Akbar Khan. There was an old abandoned cemetery3 atop the hill with rows of unmarked headstones and tangles4 of brushwood clogging5 the aisles6. Seasons of rain and snow had turned the Iron Gate rusty7 and left the cemetery’s low white stone walls in decay8. There was a pomegranate9 tree near the entrance to the cemetery. One summer day,I used one of Ali’s kitchen knives to carve our names on it:“Amir and Hassan,the sultans10 of Kabul.” Those words made it formal: the tree was ours. After school,Hassan and I climbed its branches and snatched its bloodred pomegranates. After we’d eaten the fruit and wiped our hands on the grass,I would read to Hassan.
Sitting cross-legged,sunlight and shadows of pomegranate leaves dancing on his face,Hassan absently plucked11 blades of grass from the ground as I read him stories he couldn’t read for himself. That Hassan would grow up illiterate12 like Ali and most Hazaras had been decided the minute he had been born,perhaps even the moment he had been conceived13 in Sanaubar’s unwelcoming womb14—after all,what use did a servant have for the written word? But despite his illiteracy,or maybe because of it,Hassan was drawn to the mystery of words,seduced15 by a secret world forbidden to him. I read him poems and stories,sometimes riddles—though I stopped reading those when I saw he was far better at solving them than I was. So I read him unchallenging things,like the misadventures of the bumbling16 Mullah Nasruddin and his donkey. We sat for hours under that tree,sat there until the sun faded in the west,and still Hassan insisted we had enough daylight for one more story,one more chapter.
My favorite part of reading to Hassan was when we came across a big word that he didn’t know. I’d tease him,expose his ignorance17. One time,I was reading him a Mullah Nasruddin story and he stopped me. “What does that word mean?”
“Which one?”
“Imbecile.”
“You don’t know what it means?” I said,grinning18.
“Nay,Amir agha.”
“But it’s such a common word!”
“Still,I don’t know it.” If he felt the sting19 of my tease20,his smiling face didn’t show it.
“Well,everyone in my school knows what it means,” I said. “Let’s see. ‘Imbecile21.’ It means smart,intelligent. I’ll use it in a sentence for you. ‘When it comes to words,Hassan is an imbecile.’”
“Aaah,” he said,nodding.
I would always feel guilty about it later. So I’d try to make up for it by giving him one of my old shirts or a broken toy. I would tell myself that was amends22 enough for a harmless prank23.
Notes:
1. grab v. (匆匆地)取或拿
2. trot v. 小步快跑
3. cemetery n.(非教堂的)墓地,公墓
4. tangle n. 乱作一团
5. clog v. 阻塞
6. aisle n. 通道,走道
7. rusty adj. 生锈的
8. decay n. 衰退的状态
9. pomegranate n. 石榴树
10. sultan n. 苏丹(某些穆斯林国家的最高统治者)
11. pluck v. 采;拔除
12. illiterate adj. 文盲的,无知的
13. conceive v. 怀孕
14. womb n. 子宫
15. seduce v. 引诱;怂恿
16. bumbling v. 说话含糊,语无伦次地说
17. ignorance n. 无知
18. grin vi. 露齿而笑
19. sting n. 刺痛;讽刺
20. tease n. 戏弄
21. imbecile adj. 愚蠢的,傻的
22. amends n. 赔偿
23. prank n.开玩笑;恶作剧;戏谑
重要短语
1. meet up 约见;会见;见面
例: We met up at the su permarket yesterday. 昨天我们在超级市场偶然相遇。
2. leave... in decay 使……处于衰败的状态;使……摇摇欲坠
例: The garden was left in decay and full of weeds. 花园衰败,长满了野草。
3. the minute一……就…… (= the moment = as soon as)
例: I want to see him the minute he arrives. 他一来到我就要见他。
4. after all 毕竟;别忘了
例: I’ll have to go to my aunt’s funeral. She was my own flesh and blood after all. 我得参加我姑姑的葬礼,毕竟她是我的亲人。
5. be far better at 比……更擅长……
例: My brother is far better at maths than me. 我的弟弟比我更擅长数学。
6. come across(偶然)遇见
例: How nice it is to have come across my old college roommate in town today. 今天能在城里见到我大学时的室友真是太棒了。
7. make up for 弥补
例: Pay increases will not always make up for poor working conditions. 工资的增长并不总能够弥补恶劣的工作环境的不足。
重点句型
1. Sitting cross-legged,sunlight and shadows of pomegranate leaves dancing on his face,Hassan absently plucked blades of grass from the ground as I read him stories he couldn’t read for himself. 哈桑盘腿坐着,阳光和石榴叶的阴影在他脸上翩翩起舞。我念那些他看不懂的故事给他听,而他则心不在焉地摘着地上杂草的叶片。
句中的sunlight and shadows of pomegranate leaves dancing on his face为独立主格结构作状语。该结构由“名词+分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语等”构成,通常在句中作状语。
例:(1) The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons finished for the day. 当天的作业完成后,孩子们从文法学校回家了。
(2) Weather permitting; we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天假设天气好,我们就进行比赛。
(3) So many people to help him,he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮他,他一定会成功。
(4) He sat in the front row,his mouth half open. 他坐在前排,嘴半开着。
(5) The soldiers dashed in,rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
2. We sat for hours under that tree,sat there until the sun faded in the west,and still Has-san insisted we had enough day-light for one more story,one more chapter. 我们在树下一坐就是几个钟头,直到太阳在西边黯淡下去,哈桑还会说,天还足够亮堂,我们还可以多念一个故事、多读一章。
通常,insist接宾语从句时要考虑两种情况。当insist为“坚持要求”时,用虚拟语气,从句动词用(should+) v 形式;当insist为“坚持认为”时,则用陈述语气。
例:(1) Mike insisted that his brother had never stolen anything. 迈克认为他的弟弟没偷任何东西。
(2) The young man insisted he was innocent,and that he should be set free at once. 这个年轻人坚持认为自己是清白的,坚持要求立即被释放。
3. When it comes to words,Hassan is an imbecile. 在读书识字方面,哈桑够昧。
when/whenever it comes to...(当涉及到……时,当谈到……时) 是固定句式,to为介词。
例:(1) Most of us know we should cut down on fat,but knowing such things isn’t much help when it comes to shopping and eating. 我们多数人都知道应减少脂肪的摄入,但当买东西或吃东西时这些常识并没有起多大作用。
(2) Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.
断线风筝
郭沫若
横空欲纵又遭禽，挂角高瓴月影沉。
安得姮娥宫里去，碧海晴天话素心。
这首七绝是和于立忱《咏风筝》诗的，步原韵，1936年12月16日作于日本东京于立忱窝所。原诗有《小序》云:“夜偕达夫往东京郊区访于立忱，立忱以《风筝》一诗见示。诗云:‘碧落何来五色禽?长空万里任浮沉。只因半缕轻丝系，辜负乘风一片心.’有所感触，因而和之，改题《断线风筝》。”最初以《断线风筝—纪念于立忱女士》为题发表于1937年6月16日上海《妇女生活》月刊。于立忱，于立群之姐，时为天津《大公报》驻日记者。因从事爱国活动受到报方带告，被迫于1937年2月由日本回国，同年5月在上海自杀。死时留下《绝命辞》:“如此国家，如此社会，如此自身，无能为力矣I”于立忱的诗表现了她的政治抱负得不到实现，受人牵制的悲债心情。郭沫若的和诗，以《断线风筝》为题，表现了身处异国他方，且受着迫害的诗人对祖国，对人民，对革命事业的一往深情的爱恋。
诗的前两句，诗人借用断线风筝隐喻自己亡命日本被迫害的处境和有志难伸、有国不能回的苦闷情绪。起句“横空欲纵”，落笔不凡。风筝凌空展翅在空中翱翔，显示了风筝雄伟气魄，大有鹤鹏展翅、扶摇直上九霄之势。“又遭禽”，气势急转。风筝毕竟不同搏击长空的雄鹰，不能独立自主，不能自由自在地在天空飞翔，它的命运系于别人手中的线上，犹如遭擒一般。“断线风筝”的命运是悲惨的，从空中坠落后，或挂于高屋的飞枪斗角，任凭风吹雨打，或飘落江河湖海，浪迹天涯。这里诗人用“挂角高银”来描写“断线风筝”的命运，构思新奇，形象活现，令人感到信而不疑，合乎情理。断线风筝伴随着西沉的月影静静地孤寂地悬吊在半空，飞又飞不得，下又下不来，其命运之苦。处境之险，前途之渺茫，真是难以预料‘
诗的后两句，“安得姮娥宫里去，碧海晴天话素心”。诗人又借风筝拟人的口气，展开了浪漫主义的遐想。面对这皓月当空，星汉灿烂，净朗、安谧的夜晚，风筝在想怎么能到月宫里去，向仙女嫦娥表白自己洁白无瑕的一颗素心。这里诗人表达了自己宏伟的抱负和高沽的志趣，以及对祖国无限思念之情。
这首诗，诗人借断线风筝以咏怀，意垅深，格调高。郭沫若的《断线风筝》和于立忱的《咏风筝》都是以风筝自喻咏怀，虽同物同咏，然而两诗的风格、志趣、意境、格调却显示出明显的差别来。于诗的主旨在表现个人身世的不幸，有抱负、有志向却得不到施展的悲愤心情。“只因半缕轻丝系，辜负乘风一片心”，是一种悲观、无可奈何的心境。诗的容盘不够宽厚，风格沉实，然意境窄小，给人以凄苦孤独之感。郭诗的思想容量自然比立忱宽厚博大，不愿受人束缚，以“断线”风筝抒情咏怀，这样没有“半缕轻丝”受人牵制的束缚，纵然“断”了，纵然悬挂“高瓴”,但它是自由的，可以自由地想象，甚至飞到天宫向仙女们述说自己的宏图高志，表自一个异乡游子对祖国的.向往和痴情。在郭沫若旧体诗中，象这样把干预现实和追求理想两者结合起来，运用浪漫主义手法创作的作品尚不多见。这种咏风筝的题材虽不为特别，却不落案臼，思想更高，视角更远，意境更深。
这首诗艺术上颇有特色。整个诗形成了形象飞动的完整画面，既有“横空欲纵”的飞动传神，又有“挂角高扳”的静寂孤影，既有长空万里飞腾、高挂飞檐斗角的生动铺叙，又有神思飞扬、具有高度浪漫风情的心理描写，别开生面，境界独造，情重意浓，真真豁人耳目。
诗在技法上有值得注意的地方。首先，含蓄、蕴藉，寄托遥远。全诗采用拟人化的手法，咏风筝，未见“风筝”二字，其意含而不露。诗中流露出一丝丝幽幽苦闷之情和对祖国眷恋之心，但不是直接表露的，而是采用富有浪漫主义色彩传递的形式自然流露的。其次，用笔集中，首尾一物。诗四句，均咏风攀一物，未有第二。 “横空欲纵又遭禽”，写风筝奋飞之志遭拢之苦;“挂角高扳月影沉”，写风筝断线高挂飞榆斗角之命运，“安得姐娥宫里去”，写风筝想飞向月宫，“碧海晴天话素心”，写风筝向仙女们表白自己一片高沽素心。第三，旨趣超然，情韵独卓。情韵之妙，不在一般地咏风筝，借物咏志，抒情显怀，独异处是在咏“断线”风筝上。这种双关用意，既是诗人浪漫主义风格所决定。同时，也是服务于诗所表达的爱国主义情思主翅的。
【知识拓展】：
郭沫若(1892一1978)。1892年11月16日出生于四川省乐山县铜河沙湾，毕业于日本九州帝国大学，现代文学家、历史学家、新诗奠基人之一。[1]
19，郭沫若留学日本，在九州帝国大学学医。19，发表第一本新诗集《女神》。[2] 1930年，他撰写了《中国古代社会研究》。[3] 1949年，郭沫若当选为中华全国文学艺术会主席。
曾任中国科学院哲学社会科学部主任、历史研究所第一所所长、中国人民保卫世界和平委员会主席、中日友好协会名誉会长、中国科学技术大学校长、中国文联主席等要职，当选中国共产党第九、十、十一届中央委员，第二、第三、第五届全国政协副主席。[1]
