新视野英语教程1答案

新视野英语教程1答案（精选7篇）

新视野英语教程1答案 篇1

Vocabulary

III: 1.rewarding 2.communicate 3.access 4.embarrassing 5.positive 6.commitment 7.virtual 8.benefits 9.minimum 10.opportunity IV: 1.up 2.into 3.from 4.with 5.to 6.up 7.of 8.in 9 for 10.with V.GBEIH KMOFC Sentence Structure

VI:

1.Universities in the east are better equipped, while those in the west are relatively poor.2.Allan Clarke kept talking the price up, while Wilkinson kept knocking it down.3.The husband spent all his money drinking, while his wife saved all hers for the money.4.Some guests spoke pleasantly and behaved politely, while others were insulting and impolite.5.Outwardly Sara was friendly towards all those concerned, while inwardly she was angry.VII:

1.Not only did Mr.Smith learn the Chinese language, but he also bridge the gap between his culture and ours.2.Not only did we learn the technology through the online course, but we also learned to communicate with friends in English.3.Not only did we all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.4.Not only do the workers want a pay increase, but they also want reduce working hours.5.Not only is the house expensive, but it is also too far away from my company.Translation VIII:

1.Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply.2.She is excited by the idea of online learning while he considers it meaningless and useless.3.Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.4.Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need.5.He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children.She feels, however, that this is too much for her.6.Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.IX:

1.我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这么好。

2.没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语只是，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。

3.写作不仅仅要写老师不知的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。

4.远程教学课程是授课者与学生通过计算机技术进行交流的课程。

5.英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。

6.远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其课程相比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。Cloze: X: BABBC CBAAB AABAB Text Structure Analysis XI:

The topic of the paragraph: My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect: I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes, I was at the top of my class for two years.Structure Writing

XII: I am proud to say that I succeed in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say, it look a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B

Reading Skills I: CBDAB Comprehension of the text II: CABCD BCD Vocabulary

III: 1.community 2.effective 3.unique 4.committed 5.reinforce 6.perspective 7.explicit 8.challenge 9.hindered 10.arose IV: 1.for 2.with 3.on 4.on 5.on 6.of 7.in 8.up 9.of 10.In Keys to Exercises of Unit 2 of Book1 of NHCE

Section A

Vocabulary

III: 1.appeals 2.identity 3.concern 4.disgusting 5.upset 6.influence 7.offensive 8.burst 9.stuff 10.thorough IV: 1.off/down 2.off 3.as 4.on 5.for 6.on/upon 7.to 8.over 9 in 10.of V.HFDKB CLION Sentence Structure VI:

1.Kate saw her brother Bill as she was getting off the school bus.2.As she was standing up from her seat, mother dropped the glass to the ground.3.A policeman fired at a thief as the thief was bolting out of the house.4.As she ran to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her talk with her mother.5.As the teacher entered the classroom, all the students shouted “Happy Birthday” to him.VII:

1She listened to her favorite rock music while singing along with the words.2She was putting on her jeans while asking me to hand her the sweater.3He banged on the door while opening it.4In the bathroom she put on some makeup while looking in the mirror.5The schoolmaster shot an angry glance at the naughty first grader while talking with his parents.Translation VIII:

1.As she was about to turn off the music, her father burst into her room and shouted at her,“Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”

2.The owner of the bar kept watching the girl dancing while pretending not to.3.Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned it up, paying no attention to her father’s objection.4.As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start bugging him.5.At the meeting they discussed how to keep the lines of communication open between teachers and students.6.It makes my blood boil to think of these young boys and girls who are forced by their parents to beg for money along the streets.IX:

1.我认为那些在镇上游手好闲，在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表达他们的个性。2.因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老可户取得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。

3.父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而且还在于双方都不完全理解对方的思想。

4.当父母与子女间有了这类沟通障碍时，青少年常常要经理这么一个阶段，在这个阶段，他们觉得父母会让他们没面子，害怕他们搭补到自己朋友的标准。

5.比如，青少年希望在外呆到很晚，但是当第二天早上要起床上学时，那又是另一回事了.Cloze:

X: BBAAA AABCB AAACA CBAAC Text Structure Analysis XI:

Time markers: Sequenced actions

After her shower;Sandy brushed her hair ,put on her old, green T-shirt and some jeans.Then: She put her makeup and went to the kitchen。。Grabbed a glass of milk and ate a piece of toast while standing by the sink.Just then: Her mother, Jean, entered the kitchen.Structure Writing

XII: The first thing you should do to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to let the leaves steep.Next ? Enjoy the tea.Section B

Reading Skills I: F F O O F/O O O O Comprehension of the text II: CABDD CBA Vocabulary

III: 1.entitled 2 ruin 3 evaluate 4 trend 5 attitude 6 tend 7 curiosity 8 applying 9 response 10 concept IV: 1.to 2 in 3 between 4 about 5 across 6 to 7 to 8 in 9 to 10 for Keys to Exercises of Unit 3 of Book1 of NHCE

Section A

Vocabulary

III: 1.Inwardly 2 regret 3 occasion 4 complained 5 urged 6 coordinate 7 reluctance 8 envy 9 adjust 10 amazed IV: 1 in 2 of 3 on 4 on 5 to 6 out 7 to 8 to 9 on 10 about V.OJNLI CHEAF Sentence Structure VI:

1.He had his ears pierced even though I told him not to.2.It was exciting game even though no goals were scored.3.He was treated exactly like all the other workers even though he had just joined the company.4.Even though you disagree with her, she’s worth listening to.5.There was never enough money to support his family even though he was hard-working and did two jobs at the same time.VII:

1.After learning some simple Chinese, the American girl was able to communicate with the other in her class.2.When doing the writing exercise for this course, you should remember that you are writing according to a specific structure.3.Until finished, the problem was a continuous worry to me.4.While working at the computer, the young man was listening to music over the radio all the time.5.The grass will grow more quickly if watered regularly.Translation VIII:

1.I have decided to accept the new post, even though the job is not very well paid.2.The job has been taken to be very simple until(it is)actually started.3.Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to cold weather in winter.4.He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.5.This is an important meeting.Please see to it that you are not late for it.6.He is experienced businessman who has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.IX:

1.他决心向那个女孩谈谈自己的计划，即使他知道她很可能拒绝听。2.一离开那条长长的正街，他就发现自己身处城里十分贫困的地区。3.听到那首歌，我不禁悲从中来，想起了那些困苦的日子。

4.每个想过健康生活的人，都必须在工作和娱乐之间寻求适当的平衡。

5.我的第一位老板真让人讨厌，让每个人日子难过似乎是他的乐趣。我干了没多久就走人了。

6.你能确保在本周末之前完成这项工作吗？伦敦有重要公干，总公司正在考虑派你去。Cloze:

X: ABCBB ABBCA CCABC CCABA Text Structure Analysis XI:

A general point: Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way.Example1: When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.Example2: He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.Structure Writing

XII: All of my classmates believe that Sandy has a good taste for music.The music she listens to always has a clear, strong rhythm and the music has a message for us to think about.Also, the words in the music are just like poems, so beautiful and easy for us to remember.Section B

Reading Skills

I: 1.They found the man.2.He reached the airport in time.3.The old man dimly saw the young man.4.The young marine sat by the old man the whole night.5.A message came saying the real son was arriving Comprehension of the text II: ACBCC ABB Vocabulary

III: 1.sole 2 extend 3 startle 4 located 5 inform 6 interrupted 7 collapsed 8 exchange 9 apparent 10 enable IV: 1.The government has called for an immediate investigation of the activities of the police.2.We applied the medicine and in a few minutes Mrs.Johnson came to.3.She coldly said goodbye to her friends.With that she shut the door and cried in the room.4.Whatever your reason, I shall hold to my idea that people should be allowed to have private lives.5.To our surprise the stranger turned out to be allowed to an old friend of my mother’s.6.He’s not in the office;he’s now on his way to London for a meeting.7.When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.8.He was too disappointed by this lack of success to try again.9.The couple loves each other dearly, but now and again they quarrel.10.In the subway station the poor old woman begged the passengers for money ,but they paid no attention to her.Keys to Exercises of Unit 4 of Book1 of NHCE

Section A

Vocabulary

III: 1contious 2 depressed 3ranges 4impressed 5 encounter 6introduction 7match 8physical 9 relaxed 10contact IV: 1are committed to 2take seriously 3 was absorbed in 4focus on 5made up his mind 6driving me crazy 7ranging from„8at her best 9Lighten up 10 kept her eyes on V.CMFIE BHJAK Sentence Structure

VI:1It rained for two weeks on end, completely flooding the village.2Not wanting to meet John at the party, she refused to attend it.3The bus arrived one hour late, causing me to miss the beginning of the game.4The marine sat there in the dimly lit ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering words of hope and strength.5Realizing he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, guess he really needed me.VII:

1.I was so excited about going traveling I couldn’t sleep.2.The chairman because so angry with his secretary he decided to fire him.3.She speaks English so well you would think it was her native language.4.He was so frightened he broke eye contact and looked out the window.5.His presentation was so interesting everyone listened very carefully.Translation VIII:

1She was so absorbed in reading the book that she was not conscious of someone coming in.2He was late for almost an hour for first meeting, leaving a bad impression on everyone.3Consciously or unconsciously, we make up our minds about people through their eyes , faces ,bodies, and attitudes.4Professor Zhou was committed to the cause of language teaching all his life.5Many how-to books advise you that if you want to make a good impression, the trick is to be consistently you, at your best.6The media sometimes sends mixed messages, but most people believe what they see over what they hear.IX:

1.史密斯教授关于形体语言的讲座非常重要，所有的学生都很认真地对待这次讲座。2.董事长意识到这不是她的错，对她笑了笑来环节气氛。3.她大怒，把我的杯子摔在地上，摔得粉碎。

4.观察他的形体语言，你可以判断出他是在跟你说实话还是仅仅找个借口敷衍你。5.不管人们对你说些什么，集注“观其行胜于闻其言”。6.肢体动作是表达感情的无意识形式，能向观众传递某种信息。Cloze:

X: CCBAC BCACC BBACA BCAAB Text Structure Analysis XI:

Your good qualities include: physical appearance energy rate of speech pitch and tone of voice gestures expression through the eyes the ability to hold the interest of others Structure Writing

XII :Body language is important in many cases: trying to win an election, addressing a family party, talking business at a conference, or giving a seminar at school.Section B Reading Skills

I: Besides speech, people use other forms to communicate.We communicate a great deal with our body movements.The clothes you wear also communicate many things.Small ornaments you wear communicate many things, too.A wealth of information form body language makes snap judgments seem sound.Comprehension of the text II:DCCAB BAD Vocabulary

III: 1status 2sign 3resented 4promoted 5assuming 6estimate 7campaign 8judgment 9accquainted 10norms IV: 1account for 2in part 3is content with 4feel at home 5lack of 6in relation to 7become acquainted with 8pick up 9find out 10 a wealth of

Keys to Exercises of Unit 5 of Book1 of NHCE

Section A

Vocabulary

III: 1immune2acquire 3constitutes4define5infected,infect 6illustrates 7emerge 8emphasize 9represents 10 threatened IV: 1regardless of 2at risk 3handing out 4distance„from 8feel comfortable with/about9in place of10surfing from V.LGIJM DOACF Sentence Structure

VI:1the way he teaches English 2whom I was expecting to stay with 3which was lost in the department store yesterday 4where Mary and I spent our childhood 5which the whole family considered VII:

1Despite his illness 2Despite a lot of difficulties 3despite his old age 4Despite the bad weather 5despite his hard work Translation VIII:

1I hope that the effort that we’ve made will be of some use to the battle against AIDS.2Despite all the efforts from the local organizations in the battle against AIDS,the number of people in rural areas diagnosed with ADIS has been increasing 3Please turn off the TV,because the noise will distract her from her homework.4It was long time before the compay implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.5You’d better learn something about the course before signing up for it.6The policy is playing a more and more important role in promoting the development of local economy.IX:

1病人的免疫系统会将新的移植的心脏当成异物而排斥。

2有人说我么许多人饮食太糟，缺乏维他命和矿物质，我们的身心都受到损害。3生物医学研究将会使很多爱滋病病毒感染者延长寿命，生活少些痛苦。4中央政府已经发布了一项五年行动计划，旨在鼓励社会各部门都参加与爱滋病的防治。5一个人感染了爱滋病病毒，其症状一般要6到10您彩绘表现出来。

6许多年来，人们眼睁睁看着爱滋病泛滥成灾，争论着有效的爱滋病防治措施在平穷国家究竟是否适用。Cloze:

XCCABC ABCBB ACACC Text Structure Analysis XI:

A method presented in a general statement: Train teenagers to educate their peers A general statement supported by a problem-solution pattern:

The problem: AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in the rural South.The solution: The stylists have established an “AIDS Busters” program which trains youth from 8 to 26 to go into the community and teach”AIDS101”to their peers.The evaluate:They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to friends their own age much better than an adult can.They also play a vital role in helping parents understand the types of peer pressure their children experience.Structure Writing

XII: Build more tall apartment buildings;The increase in population in cities is creating a housing problem.To solve the problem, one-family houses and older ones are being pulled down to make room for apartment buildings.When building space on the ground is used up, we can make use of the space in the air.This will help solve the housing problem in cities.Section B

Reading Skills

I:(1)I hurt myself when diving.(2)I hit my head on the board 2(1)I was very worried about something serious.(2)I was very worried that my wound had left blood in the pool.3(1)There was something more significant than winning.(2)I was very worried that I might infect other divers with AIDS as I spilled my blood in the pool.Comprehension of the text II:DDBCC BDD Vocabulary

III: 1assist 2bleeding 3competing 4confident 5explored 6commenced 7intense 8adopted 9spill 10 confused IV:1Prior of----Prior to 2confident with---confident of/in 3by haste---in haste 4find about---find out 5assist his wife on---assist his wife with 6with fear---for fear 7competed with each other with---competed with each other for 8thrust his knife to---thrust his knife into 9have a shot in---have a shot at 10start at---start with Keys to Exercises of Unit 6 of Book1 of NHCE

Section A

Vocabulary

III:1boasts2registered3employment4peculiarContinuousgraduated7dump8retreat 9contrary10treambled IV: 1in 2of 3behind 4about 5At 6about/7with 8by 9on/upon10at V.FMJGA DOLIC Sentence Structure

VI 1I know who he is.So does she.2We have come to realize all work is equally important.So has Sara.3I’d like another drink.So would John 4I’m not supposed to know who else objects to the plan.Nor/Neither are they.5He shouldn’t have imagined there would be joy in picking up trash.Nor/Neither should Steve.VII:1Even if the calculation is right 2even if they raise the price 3Even if she may not return me the money 4even if she may doesn’t come

5Even if we achive great success in our work Translation VIII:

1The police got to the station five minutes after the explosion, and so did the reporters 2Even if you disagree with her, she is worth listening to.3The news reporters were given nothing but bare facts by the officials in charge of the investigation 4The room was well decorated, but the color of the curtain did not go well with the overall style.5Whenever we go back to the place where my husband was born, we always make the rounds of his relatives.6Contrary to his hope, his girlfriend’s parents are not as approachable as parents.IX:

1我问过好几位服务员，可他们什么也没说，只朝着我笑，直到这是我才意识到我的英语不够好。

2校长对那位院长非常生气，进而解除了他的院长职务。

3如果你当着孩子朋友的面问这个问题，即使他想说“是”也可能会说“不是”。4如果你想毕业时获得学位，你要么别玩网上游戏，要么别去打零工。5虽然他未接受过大学教育，他却瞧不起那些没有大学学历的人。6他曾就公司的管理问题提了好几个建议，但没有一个管用。Cloze:

XACBCA CACBA BBCAC BACBA Text Structure Analysis XI:

Viewpoints: People look down on trash men.Example1: Tf you say”hello” to them, they stare at you in surprise.they don’t realize we’re human.Example2: Once I told a lady not to put ashes in her trash man.She said,” Who are you to say what goes? You’re nothing but a trash man.Structure Writing

XII: People come to Beijing for different purposes.Thousands upon thousands of foreign students are studying different subjects at universities in Beijing.Every year a large number of foreign businessmen from all parts of the world visit Beijing, for varies kinds of business talks or international conferences.In addition, travelers both at home and abroad come to Beijing for visiting places of historic interest during their holiday or visiting their friends and relatives in Beijing.Section B

Reading Skills

I:1spend part of his time on 2continue to support himself with drugs and food 3settle their accounts with the company/any money owed to them 4nervous and worried 5a person who is likely to suffer a heart attack Comprehension of the text II:DDCDA CBB Vocabulary

III:

1Devoting2bear3accurate4manufacturing5inquiry6afford7admired8replacing9retired 10ignored IV:1out 2up 3out 4aroud 5up 6to 7to 8for 9of 10to

新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 7答案

Vocabulary III.1.identify 2.attach 3.instinct 4.polish 5.unusual 6.offend 7.detail 8.slight 9.foundation 10.rob IV.1.details 2.robbed 3.offended 4.polishing 5.identify 6.slight 7.instinct 8.attached 9.foundation 10.unusual V.1.attached to 2.Looking through 3.hold dear 4.pulling into 5.face to face with 6.rather than 7.out of control 8.eaten away at 9.have mercy on 10.got to their feet VI.1.G 2.H 3.J 4.L 5.O 6.A 7.C 8.M 9.D 10.E Sentence structure 1.They should have their pay increased.2.I had my first book accepted for publication that year.3.George had his papers taken form him at the police station 4.I had my wallet stolen while I was on holiday.5.The couple are going to have their wedding photos enlarged at the store.VIII.1.rather than to her daughter 2.rather than harm them 3.rather than leaving everything to the last minute 4.Rather than using the last of my cash 5.rather than increase pay Translation IX.1.The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily.2.When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception.3.When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house(Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself.4.At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can’t offer any additional details.5.The couple pulled their car into the parking lot and then headed for the cinema.6.It’s a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is.X.1.经验告诉他，妇女的天性昌保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。2.自从她把墙重新粉刷了后，这房间好看多了。

3.在这个国家的许多地方，青少年犯罪已经失去了控制，这个城市也不例外。4.抢劫案发生后的几周，他不敢出门，害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。5.受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。6.如今，对许多美国人来说，周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例，而不是例外。Cloze XI.1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C Text Structure Analysis XII.Analysis: The set of actions leading to the main idea: got up to his feet, found the keys, entered his house and called 911 the operator took a description and sent a police car had a drink, the policemen came and took a report Main idea: He reported the robbery to the police.Structured Writing XIII.I climbed the ladder, heard my dive announced, and started the moves to thrust myself into the air.Then I dove into the pool.I enjoyed the quietness underwater, and then swam to the side of the pool.I was wondering about my score when suddenly, my coach leaped into the air.The crowd cheered, and I knew I’d won the gold medal.Section B Reading Skills I,1.For self-defense 2.She is afraid that she might kill someone.3.According to the following paragraphs, the write feels uncomfortable about the imagined robbery because she unfairly imagined the robber was a black man.4.According to common sense, a robber must be physically strong.The writer doesn’t see women as being strong enough to rob someone, and she thinks of black men as particularly dangerous.5.A neighborhood with a bad name because of frequent crime, violence, or safely dangerous.6.Killing a human being just for money is wrong, according to the writer.7.Locking the doors at the sight of a black man is really shameful.8.This means that the writer hopes the robber takes away the money and no violence occurs.Comprehension of the Text II.1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C Vocabulary III.1.intention 2.advocates 3.violence 4.dominate 5.reveal 6.omitted 7.confronted 8.affected 9.intended 10.transported IV.1.is intended for 2.be capable of 3.At the sight of 4.live with 5.are immune to 6.keep„ from 7.Ignorance of 8.heard of 9.affected by 10.in reality 新视野大学英语（第二版）第1册Unit 8答案 Vocabulary III1.sources 2.stable 3.process 4.composed 5.observing 6.combination 7.explosion 8.existence 9.occupied 10.creation IV.1.at 2.in 3.on 4.for 5.on 6.between 7.for 8.with 9.at 10.of V.1.J 2.L 3.G 4.M 5.O 6.A 7.I 8.B 9.D 10.E Sentence Structure VI.1.It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2.The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaelic language.3.George explained that this was the official dress for taking examination, many of which wee held in June.4.The Miracle, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long, happened at last.5.The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes through which the solution was found.VII.1.the more knowledge he will have 2.the less he liked it 3.the less you have to pay for it 4.the more exciting it will be 5.the greater progress you will make Translation III.1.There are twenty universities in this city, some of which are world-famous.2.the more he thinks about it, the angrier he becomes.3.She was filled with pity for the innocent victims.4.He was occupied with his business matters and didn’t have time to think about a holiday.5.The country’s economy depends to some degree on the import of raw materials.6.After several discussions between the members of the committee, a new plan of action began to take shape.IX.1.出租汽车公司新雇了50个司机，其中有的人刚拿到驾驶证。2.一个人越没有智慧，就越不知道自己缺的就是智慧。

3.暂时没有必要采取任何行动。过一晚再作决定，明天上午告诉我你的想法。4.近年来经济形势恶化，寻求紧急食品和住房援助的美国穷人数目去年增加了7%。5.我们的消息来源说，下星期有可能发生另一次袭击，也许就在城市中心地区。6.在这个医疗体系内，对各位医生支付的款项按照他们当月的医疗成本进行调整。Cloze X.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.A Structured Writing XII.When I stated to learn English at my junior middle school, I had a kind and patient teacher.She was very encouraging to all of her students.Because of her encouragement, I answered every question I could eagerly, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.In contrast, the method by which I was taught English in senior middle school was not well suited to my learning style.My new teacher quickly punished those who gave wrong answers.Whenever we answered incorrectly, she would shout at us.As a result I lost my desire and confidence and did not make any progress in learning.Section BReading Skills I.1.A 2.B 3C 4.C 5.A Comprehension of the Text1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A Vocabulary III.1.advantage 2.remarked 3.claimed 4.convince 5.productive 6.enquiry 7.potential 8.transfer 9.recall 10.enhance IV.1.together 2.On 3.of 4.for 5.up 6.away 7.on/upon 8.in 9.to 10.of 新视野大学英语（第2版）第1册Unit 9答案 III.nt 1.accomplish 2.responsibility 3.amou 4.performance 5.alter 6.adapt 7.aroused 8.remarkable 9.investigate 10.entertain IV.1.out 2.to 3.in 4.from 5.back 6.as 7.with 8.with 9.behind 10.on V.1.G 2.L 3.D 4.F 5.K 6.N 7.O 8.I 9.C 10.A Sentence Structure VI.1.Should you change your mind, no one will be upset.2.Should a serious crisis arise, the public would have to be informed of it.3.Should you fail in the exam, your parents and teacher will not blame you.4.Should you have a major change in your plan, let us know in time.5.should your car break down, change to a bus.VII.1.You should talk to your teacher instead of just complaining to me about it.2.They raised prices and cut production, instead of cutting costs.3.He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting up for the night at the hotel.4.He nodded his head instead of saying anything where his voice might express the real truth.5.My mother prefers making her own clothes instead of buying clothes in the shops.Translation VIII.1.Should you have any doubt about the plan, please feel free to contact us at any time.2.We have learned how to face reality instead of escaping from it.3.It just proves that you can’t hope to turn in a worthy report if you haven’t done enough preparation.4.We have to face that possibility no matter how unlikely it may sound.5.The newcomers found it hard to adapt themselves to the climate there.6.It strikes me as odd that school children are required to come to school two hours before class.IX.1.遗憾的是，他也一点英语都不会说，但是如果你想去某个地方，把地址写下来交给他就行了。

2.下次你若有问题，要考虑怎样改变处境，不要过于担心各种负面因素。3.不管什么天气，她平均每天跑15英里。

4.好的摄影作品和普通的摄影作品最重要的一个区别因素是用光手法。5.实际上，大多数员工从不愿意把新产品使用手册坚持看完。

6.一旦你感到放松后，就把注意力集中在音乐上，看看心中有什么意象出现。Cloze X.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 110.A 11.A 12.C 3.B 14.C 15.C Structured Writing XII.Visual aids offer several advantages.The primary advantage is clarity.If you are discussing an object, you can make your message clearer by showing the object.If you are citing statistics, showing how something works, or demonstrating a technique, a visual aid will make you information more vivid to your audience.By using visual aids in your speeches, you often will make it easier for listeners to understand exactly what you are trying to communicate.Another advantage of visual aids is interest.The interest generated by visual images is so strong that visual aids are now widely used in many areas, not just speechmaking.Section BReading Skills I.1.B 2.B 3.D Comprehension of the Text II.1.D 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.C unit10 Vocabulary III.1.available 2.banned 3.predict 4.fate 5.host 6.posted 7.advertise 8 enormous 9.involves 10.survey IV.1.out 2.from 3.out 4.for 5.to 6.up 7.in 8.in 9.through 10.about 6.ensured 7.conscience 8.integrity 9.yield 10.appointed IV.1.to 2.In 3.of 4.for 5.on/upon 6.of 7.in 8.at 9.to 10.with V.1.G 2.L 3.B 4.O 5.D 6.N 7.C 8.E 9.I 10.K Sentence Structure VI.1.Where I live there are plenty of sheep.2.Your coat is where you left it.3.I will go where you go.4.Where conscience remains integrity stays.5.Where he appears laughter can be heard.VII.1.What I say and do 2.what matters is not winning but participating 3.what we students should always keep in mind 4.what it takes to start and run a company 5.what we should do today Translation VIII.1.I keep the picture where I can see it very day as it reminds me of my university days.2.In some countries, what is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.3.He is used to keeping a dictionary at hand so that he can find the meaning of new words he comes across.4.When confronted with personal pressure, you should stand firmly for your belief that you will reach your ultimate goal.5.In other words, be yourself and face reality, but don’t sell out to convenience.6.I don’t like those people who always rely on external factors in order to feel good about themselves.IX.1.汤姆相信“为钱而挣钱”，他的许多老同学都认为他的把自己卖给了营利主义。

2.重要的是，你只有学会了尊重自己，才能赢得别人的尊重。

3.使他取得成功的是他的决心，他不甘屈服的精神，也可能还有他的正直。4.老师表扬了那些学习用功、考试考得好的学生。

新视野英语教程1答案 篇2

纲要信号图示教学法, 由前苏联教师沙塔洛夫在自己30年的教学实践基础上创立的, 是由字母、单词、数字或其他信号组成的直观性很强的图表, 是教学辅助根据。它通过各种“信号”提纲挈领, 简明扼要地把需要掌握的重点知识表现出来, 具有科学性, 逻辑性, 直观性和趣味性。目前, 该教学法已经运用到了各个学科中, 历史, 会计, 化学, 机械设计等等, 其实在英语的教学中也可以充分利用纲要信号图示教学法。

笔者以《新视野英语教程读写教程 (第二版) 》 (外语教学与研究出版社, 2008) 课本为例, 通过运用纲要信号图示教学法, 激发学生的兴趣, 提高教学质量。

二、纲要信号图示教学法的应用

面对着长篇的英语文章, 大量的英语词汇, 复杂的长短句, 如何把握文章的脉络, 理清文章思路, 抓住文章重点, 强化记忆内容成了教授中的重难点, 而纲要信号图示教学法则可以在一定程度上解决这一系列的问题。

1、有助于学生理清文章思路, 增强思维逻辑性。

沙塔洛夫“纲要信号”图表教学法强调从整体上考虑问题, 它在注意局部的同时特别注意各“纲要信息”之间的相互关系, 运用逻辑推理和归纳的方法研究纲要信号图表中各组成部分的特点和变化情况, 既能使学生推理出课堂所学知识的内在联系, 又能归纳出课文的整体思想[1]。使知识形象清晰地展现在学生的脑海之中。以课本第四单元How to Make a Good Impression为例:

该图示中间显示的是文章的题目以及主旨, 如何留下一个好印象, 而另外四个方框内则显示了留下好印象的四个要素, 当然这四个要素只是最简练的归纳, 学生还可以将各位细小的内容记录在对应的方框内, 这样学生可以利用该方法进行笔记以及自我复习, 不但简练了文章, 抓住了重点, 也便于之后的复习工作。图示教学法可以加强视觉刺激, 引导学生进行回忆。

2、有助于学生把握文章结构, 化繁为简, 提高记忆效果。

国外的一项关于视听教育的调查报告中曾指出:“光听只能记住15%, 光看可增加到25%, 视听结合能达到65%的水平”[2]。而一般的文章信息量大, 学生难以把握文章的重点, 而表格的归纳方式则很好地解决这个问题。

在讲解课文时, 教师首先引导学生全面分析课文, 讲解教学内容, 再利用纲要信号图示进行第二次讲解, 突出文章的重点, 难点, 以及各部分的逻辑关系。以课本第二单元Deep Concern为例:文章采用了叙事的方法, 按照时间的顺序描述了一个早晨, Sandy和父母之间由于代沟引起的种种矛盾和不满。文章涉及了代沟表现的各个方面, 但是由于文章采用叙事的方法, 而且各个方面相互穿插, 学生难以把握文章的重点, 而且难以归纳, 而采用纲要信号图示教学法后, 如图所示:

我们清楚地可以看到产生代沟的五个方面, 而且关于这五方面, Sandy和她父母不同的观点, 最后文章并没有明确提出父母对于最后一方面的观点, 但通过比较和对比, 学生可以明确的说出父母的观点。最后就让学生抛开课本, 根据图示复述课文的内容和逻辑, 进行一个复述与复习。这样不但对文章有了一个大致的了解, 也把握了文章的重难点, 更可以轻易地说出文章没有给出的答案。而现在很多学校采用了幻灯片教学, 那么在适当加入这五方面的图片, 或者声音, 音乐等, 对于记忆来说能达到事半功倍的效果。

3、有助于学生分析文章内容, 理清对应关系, 提高其自学能力

英语科普类的文章中往往会出现大量的数字, 混杂着各种信息, 以第五单元The Battle Against AIDS为例, 文章第一二两段中有大量的数字, 包括英文式写法和阿拉伯数字写法, 而由于长难句或者从句的存在, 使得学生难以辨别该数字对应的内容是什么。笔者通过运用采用纲要信号图示教学法, 如下所示:

让学生先通过自学, 采用配对的方式, 将数字和对应的内容进行匹配, 虽然存在的长短句对文章的理解有着一定的阻碍, 但是由于先把重点的内容罗列了出来, 在一定程度上降低了难度, 学生可以更加简单清楚地了解文章的内容, 也对长短句有了一定的分析能力。

三、结论

纲要信号图示教学法将信号和图示紧密地结合, 形成有机整体, 体现了事件的意义和内在联系, 提供了思维的逻辑顺序和理解、记忆的条件[3]。通过对三个单元的案例分析, 我们可以看到纲要信号图示教学法可以有效地将文章简化和精炼, 使知识要点一目了然, 减轻学生的负担, 提高教学质量, 加强各种能力的培养, 加快教学进程, 为教学增添魅力, 是一套实用高效的教学法。

摘要：纲要信号图示教学法是是由字母、单词、数字或其他信号组成的直观性很强的图表, 有效地运用该方法可以激发学生的兴趣, 提高教学质量。本文采用该方法, 对《新视野英语读写教程》进行分析案例分析, 发现该方法有助于学生理清文章思路, 把握文章结构, 理清对应关系, 从而增强学生思维逻辑性, 提高记忆效果, 进而提高其自学能力。

关键词：纲要信号图示教学法,大学英语,新视野大学英语读写教程

参考文献

[1]陈明娟, 简论沙塔洛夫“纲要信号”图表教学法在英语泛读教学中的作用[J], 云梦学刊, 1998

[2]李詠平, 在课堂教学过程中应用图示教学法[J], 井冈山医专学报, 2003

新视野英语教程1答案 篇3

关键词： 汉英对比 新视野大学英语 读写教程 对比应用

一、引言

对比语言学是现代语言学的一个分支。1941年，美国语言学家沃尔夫（B.L.Whorf）把对比研究作为比较研究的对立面提出来，在他的Language and Logic（《语言与逻辑》）一文中第一次使用了Contrastive Linguistics“对比语言学”这一名称。1957年，拉多（Robert Lado）出版了世界上第一部对比语言学专著Linguistics Across Cultures（《跨文化语言学》），全面讨论了如何对语音、词汇、语法、文字、文化进行对比，现代学者一般以此作为对比语言学这一学科正式成立的标志[1]。对比语言学兼有理论语言学和应用语言学的性质，其主要任务是对两种或多种语言进行共时对比研究，描述并解释所对比语言之间的异同，并将研究成果应用于语言理论和语言应用领域[2]。人们在长期的外语教学实践中已认识到，汉外对比研究是提高英语教学质量最有效的方法。

《新视野大学英语》是由几大院校外语、外语教学专家根据《大学英语教学大纲》及《大学英语课程要求》编排而成的，是近年来国内各大高校本科非英语专业学生通用的大学英语教程。《大学英语教学大纲》对大学英语教学的翻译教学和文化教学给予一定的重视，但实际情况是《新视野大学英语读写教程》没有专门介绍翻译理论、技巧及实践的独立板块，不能为学生提供真正的翻译实践。大学英语教师因为课时不够，自身对语言文化背景知识缺乏了解，在教学中往往缺乏对翻译教学的重视。在讲解课文和习题翻译时，大多照搬《教师用书》的翻译给出标准答案，甚少涉及翻译理论和翻译技巧，因此学生的翻译水平很难真正提高。笔者在多年的大学英语读写教学中，用汉英对比理论指导《新视野大学英语读写教程》课文及习题的翻译，教给学生常用的翻译技巧，最大限度地提高学生翻译水平。现拟以英汉对比为理论指导，初步探讨《新视野大学英语读写教程》中一些课文句子及习题的翻译。

二、汉英对比在《新视野大学英语读写教程》课文及习题翻译中的应用

1.动态与静态

英语是曲折词，动词形态变化繁复，动词使用受到形态掣肘，而名词无此牵制，因而名词在英语中占优势。由于英语中多用名词，必然要多用介词，因此产生介词优势。名词和介词优势，使得英语的静态倾向比较显著。而汉语是非屈折语，汉语动词无形态变化，使用活跃，可以连用，可以代替其他词类，因而汉语动态倾向比较明显[3]。一般而言，英语句子以一个谓语动词为支点，其他词类形式多样，因此译成汉语时，其中的名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语和非谓语动词通常要转换成动词。同样，汉语译成英语时，则要做逆向转换。例如：

（1）While she is doing her homework，her feet on the bench in front of her and her calculator clicking out answers to her geometry problems，I am looking at the half-empty package of Camels tossed carelessly close at hand.（《新视野大学英语读写教程》Book2，unit 5）

句中出现了无动词分句her feet on the bench，非谓语动词clicking，tossed，以及形容词短语half-empty，所有这些成分全部要译成动词：“她做作业时，脚搁在前面的长凳上，用计算器嗒嗒滴敲出几何题的答案。我看着那包她已抽了一半、随意扔在手边的’骆驼’牌香烟。”

（2）Over time，people starve themselves of both food and air，effectively weakening and hooking their children，eventually killing themselves.（Book 2，unit 5）

这个句子谓语动词为starve，其余三个都是非谓语动词形式，应译为动词：“久而久之，人们不但缺少食物，还缺少空气，这样不但大大地损害了孩子们的体质，还使他们染上了烟瘾，最终还会致他们于死地。”

（3）For example，one US corporation offered a large sum of money in support of a US presidential candidate at a time when the company was under investigation for possible violations of US business laws.（Book 4，unit 6）

句中出现了三个名词短语：in support of，under investigation和violations of，译成汉语时都要相应地转换成动词：“比如，有一家美国企业曾因可能违反美国商业法规而受到调查，当时它捐出一大笔款项支持一位总统竞选人。”

（4）For all its concern about foreign cultural invasion and its defense against the pollution of the French language by English words，France’s Socialist government has been untroubled about putting such a huge American symbol on the doorstep of the capital and has been more concerned about its economic effect.（Book 4，unit 9）

句子出现多个名词短语：concern about，cultural invasion，defense，pollution of和一个动名词短语：putting ...，译成汉语时要转换成动词：“尽管对外国文化入侵感到不安，要捍卫法语不受英语词汇污染，法国的生活党政府对于将这么大一个美国文化的标志放在首都门口却并不担忧，相反，他们更多地关心其经济效应。”

2.意合与形合

句子内部连接或外部连接几乎都使用三种手段：句法手段，词汇对等和语义连接。用前两种手段连接称为形合，用后一种手段连接称为意合[4]。英语重形合，句子各成分的相互结合常用适当的连接词语。汉语重意合，句子中各成分的相互结合多依靠语义的贯通，较少用连接词语。因此，汉英互译时要根据情况增译或减译这些词。例如：

（5）我这么多年来如此努力，我觉得我自己应该有个好的前途。（Book 2，unit 9习题）

这两个分句间存在因果关系，但汉语句子里没有出现表示因果的词，译成英语时要加入表示因果关系的连词，译为：I have been working hard for so many years，so I feel I’m entitled to a good future.

（6）老师回来你敢告我的状，我就不再和你说话了。（Book 3，unit 1 习题）

这是一个典型的条件状语从句，汉语中省略了“如果”，分句中还有一个省掉了“当……的时候”的时间状语，因此翻译时要加入表示条件和时间的连词，译为：If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back，I won’t talk with you any more.

（7）“Don’t quit your day job！” is advice frequently givenby understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.（Book 4，unit 1）

这个句子由一个过去分词短语、两个介词短语和一个定语从句连接而成。如果按照原文顺序翻译将困难重重，且结构混乱，词不达意。因此翻译时应根据汉语思维习惯，将句子改短，译作：对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋好友常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢”，他们的担心不无道理。

（8）In Oona O’Neill Chaplin，he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them，which had seemed so threatening，that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who’d given notice of their wedding date，he said，“And where is the young man？”（Book 4，unit 2）

这是由四个定语从句和一个时间状语从句连接的超长句，出现连接词whose，which，when和两个who。汉语中绝不会出现这样的长句，因此翻译时要将长句分译成几个短句，有些连接词要省译：“他找到了沃娜·奥尼尔·卓别林这个伴侣。她的沉稳和深情跨越了他们之间37岁的年龄差距。”他们的年龄差别太大，以致当1942年他们登记结婚时，新娘公布了他们的结婚日期后，为他们办理手续的官员问这位漂亮的17岁姑娘：“那个年轻人在哪？”

3.话题句与主谓句

由于受到西方语言学的影响，不少人习惯于用英语的语法系统解释汉语的句子，这样就忽视了两种语言的一个重要差异，即英语是偏重主语—谓语性质的语言，而汉语则是偏重话题—说明性质的语言[5]。英语是通过主语+谓语的句型结构进行描写的，而汉语是一种注重话题的语言，句子除部分主谓句以外，更多体现为话题句，即话题-说明结构（topic-comment）[6]。所以，这两种语言的主谓句之间的翻译似乎问题不大，但是把所有的英语句子都译成汉语的主谓句本身并不一定合适，有可能出现不地道的句子；同时，汉语话题句的英译常常是学生容易出错的。例如：

（9）The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren is making prenups more common among retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse has died.（Book 3，unit 9）

这个句子结构繁杂，不能按原文主谓结构翻译。句子对prenups这个话题进行了说明，包括其目的、对象和现象。因此，可以将句子译为：为了将财产传到自己的儿孙手中，六七十岁的退休丧偶老人在找老伴时，订立婚前协议也很常见。

（10）Cool foresight and a quick mind enabled him to react swiftly in an emergency.（Book 2，unit 7习题）

译文一：冷静的远见和敏捷的思维让他在紧急情况下迅速应对。

译文二：他沉着冷静、富有远见、思维敏捷，因此，能够迅速应对紧急情况。

译文一按英文主谓结构翻译，生硬、不地道，译文二将主谓句改译为话题句，结构紧凑，行文流畅。

（11）光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。（Book2，unit 5 习题）

译文一：The light is poor，and the ground is wet，they made driving very difficult.

译文二：The poor light，coupled with the wet ground，made driving very difficult.

这是一个话题句，说明了驾驶困难的原因。译文一按汉语主谓结构翻译，不够简练。译文二将话题句译成英语主谓句，将两个表示原因的句子转换成偏正结构的名词短语作句子主语，译文简介流畅。

4.主动与被动

英语中被动句应用很广泛，强调客观事实，施动者并不经常体现出来，这体现了英语国家民族客体意识较强。汉语中被动句相当少，即使是用被动句，也往往把施动者说出来，这是中华民族主体意识较强的表现[7]。

（12）In our university，students are also encouraged to make use of the Arts Center and to participate in music and drama.（Book 4，unit 1习题）

这是一个被动句，句中students作主语，若翻译成被动句，不太符合汉语习惯。因此省译介词in，将介词宾语our university译为主语，而原句主语students译为宾语。同时，根据汉语习惯，句子中常用到一些概括性的名词，比如：“实践”、“经验”、“现象”、“过程”等，此处增译“活动”比较合适。译为：我们学校也鼓励同学们利用艺术中心参加音乐和戏剧活动。

（13）The town knew the Southerners and never stopped chewing sugar cane when they passed.But the Northerners were something else again.They were peeredat cautiously from behind curtains by the timid.（Book 4，unit 8）

这段话描写了小镇居民对南方人和北方人的不同态度，因此，尽管原句主语发生了改变，翻译时第二句仍应以the town为主语，可以省译；第三句则由被动句译为主动句，介词宾语译为施动者。译为：小镇居民见惯了南方人，因此他们经过时人们照旧大嚼甘蔗。但是看到北方人则是另一回事。胆怯的人躲在窗帘后小心翼翼地偷看他们。

（14）Other countries have also been known to put pressure on foreign companies to make donations to party bank accounts.（Book 4，unit 6）

含有这种be known，be said，be reported，be estimated的句子，不译为被动，将这一结构独立出来，译为“据……”，其余部分译为主动句。本句可译为：据闻，其他国家也向外国公司施压，要他们向党派组织的账户捐款。

三、结语

汉英两种语言在多个方面都存在差异，给汉英互译造成很大的困难。大学英语教师首先应该不断加强自身学习，牢固掌握汉英对比理论，并且分阶段、有重点地向学生讲解汉英对比理论及翻译技巧。在讲授《新视野大学英语读写教程》课文及习题时，多给学生翻译实践的机会，不断提高学生的翻译水平和外语水平。

参考文献：

[1]潘文国.汉英语对比纲要[M].北京：北京语言文化大学出版社，1997.

[2]杨自俭.英汉语比较与翻译[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000.

[3]连淑能.英汉对比研究[M].北京：高等教育出版社，1993.

[4]郭丽君.汉英对比在大学英语教学中的作用及应用[J]武汉船舶职业技术学院学报，2005，3.

[5]刘宓庆.新编汉英对比与翻译[M].北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2006.

[6]张春柏，陈舒.汉英对比的翻译教学方法[J].国外外语教学，2007，4.

[7]黄瑞.大学英语翻译教学中汉英对比理论的引入探究[J].云南农业大学学报，2011，5.

[8]郑树棠.新视野大学英语读写教程2，3，4[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008.

[9]郑树棠.新视野大学英语读写教程教师用书2，3，4[M].北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008.

[10]Whorf，B.L. Language and Logic[M].Cambridge，Massachusetts： The MITPress，1941.

新视野英语教程1答案 篇4

1.对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。

Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but also take time to think through answers before making a reply.2．网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋，而他认为网上学习毫无意义和用处。

She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless.3.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到许多东西。

Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.4.如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。

Today, more and more people have access to the Internet though which they look for the information they need.5.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分了。

He wants her to give up working and stay at home to look after the children.She feels, however, that this is too much for her.6.既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些复习。

Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.7.I’ll never forget the teacher who showed me that learning a foreign language could be fun and rewarding.Were it not for him, I would not be able to speak English as well as I do now.我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。

8.No other language lets you experience the cultures of the world like English.With a strong knowledge of the English language, you can have wonderful cultural adventures.没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅。

9.Instead of only writing compositions about the subjects that your teacher has given you, do something enjoyable, like writing emails to a friend.写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。10.Distance learning courses are courses in which the instructor communicates with students using computer technology.远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。

11.English is not only the most useful language in the world, but it is also one of the easiest language to learn and to use.英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。

12.Distance learning courses give students greater freedom of time management, but these classes require more self-discipline than other classes.远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程相比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。

Unit2: 1.当她就要关掉音乐时，她父亲冲到她的房间，朝着她喊道：“难道你就不能把音乐关小一点？”

As she was about to turn off the music, her father burst into her room and shouted at her,” Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”

2.酒吧的老板一直在看那个姑娘跳舞，一面却假装没有看。

The owner of the bar kept watching the girl dancing while pretending not to.3.像往常一样，当他的父母不喜欢他的穿着时，便开始唠叨他。As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start bugging him.4.桑迪如此喜欢摇滚音乐以至不顾父亲的反对而将音量放大。

Rock music appealed Sandy so much that she turned it up, paying no attention to her father’s objection.5.在会上，他们讨论了如何保持师生间的沟通渠道畅通。

At the meeting they discussed how to keep the lines of communication open between teachers and students.6.一想到这些年幼的男孩和女孩被父母强迫沿街讨钱我就生气。

It makes me blood boil to think of these young boys and girls who are forced by their parents to beg for money along the streets.7.I suppose teenagers walking around town with tattoos and piercings all over their bodies are expressing themselves.我认为那些在镇上游手好闲、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表达他们的个性。8.The Internet gives us a faster way to reach new and existing customers around the world and to keep the lines of communication widely open.因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老客户取得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。

9.The problem of communication between parents and their teenage children does not only lie in the “generation gap”, but also in the fact that neither side fully understands the ideas of the other side.父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而且还在于双方都完全不理解对方的思想。

10.When there is this type of communication barrier between parents and children, the big issues teenagers face can become bigger.当父母与子女有了这类沟通障碍时，青少年面临的问题可能更大。

11.It’s not unusual for teenagers to go through a phase when they feel ashamed of their parents, afraid that they might not live up to their friend’s standards.青少年常常要经历这么一个阶段，在这个阶段，他们觉得父母会让他们没面子，害怕他们达不到自己朋友的标准。

12.For example, teenagers want to stay out till all hours of the night, but when it comes to getting up in the morning in time for classes, it’s a different story.比如，青少年希望在外待到很晚，但是当第二天早上要起床上学时，那又是另外一回事了。

Unit3: 1.即使报酬并不优厚，我还是决定接受那个新职位。I have decided to accept the new post, even though the job is not well paid.2.这项工作在实际开始干之前，一直被认为是十分简单的。The job has been taken to be very simple until(it is)actually started.3.既然你计划移居加拿大，你就必须努力适应冬季的严寒天气。

Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to cold weather in winter.4.他承诺帮我们买下那幢房子，但有点勉强。

He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.5.这是一次重要的会议，请务必不要迟到。

This is an important meeting please see to it that you are not late for it.6．他是个有经验的商人，做国际贸易已有好几年了。

He is an experienced businessman who has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.7.He made up his mind to talk to the girl about his plan, even though he knew she might very well refuse to listen.他决心向那个女孩谈自己的计划，即使他知道她很可能拒绝听。

8.Once off that long High Street, he found himself in some very poor parts of the town.一离开那条长长的正街，他就发现自己身处城里十分贫穷的区域。

9.When hearing the song, I couldn’t help crying and remembering those difficult days.听到那首歌，我不禁悲从中来，想起了那些悲苦的日子。

10.Finding the right balance between work and play is necessary for a person who wants to lead a healthy life.每个想过健康生活的人，都必须在工作和娱乐之间寻求适当的平衡。

11.My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone.I didn’t work for him long before leaving.我的第一位老板真让人讨厌，让每个人日子难过似乎是他的乐趣。我干了没多久就走人了。12.Will you please see to it that this work is finished by the end of the week? The head office is considering sending you to London on important meeting.你能确保在本周末之前完成这项工作吗？伦敦有重要公干，总公司正在考虑派你去。

Unit4: 1.她如此专心地读那本书，以至于有人进来她也没意识到。

She was so absorbed in reading the book that she was not conscious of someone coming in.2.他第一次会议就迟到了将近一小时，给大家留下了一个很糟糕的印象。

He was late for almost an hour for the first meeting, leaving a bad impression on everybody.3.不管是有意识还是无意识，我们往往会根据对方的眼神、面部表情、形体动作和态度对他们做出判断。

Consciously or unconsciously, we make up our minds about people though their eyes, faces, bodies, and attitudes.4.周教授一生都致力于语言教学事业。

Professor Zhou was committed to the cause of language teaching all his life.5.许多指导性的书籍都会建议：要想给人留下好印象，其诀窍在于始终如一地保持最佳的自我。

Many How-To books advise you that if you want to make a good impression, the trick is to be consistently you, at your best.6.媒体有时会传递含混不清的信息，但大多数人相信亲眼所见胜于耳闻。

The media sometimes sends mixed messages, but most people believe what they see over what they hear.7.Professor Smith’s lecture on body language was so important that all of the students took it seriously.史密斯教授关于形体语言的讲座非常重要，所有的学生都认真对待这次讲座。8.Realizing it wasn’t her fault, the chairman smiled at her to lighten the atmosphere.董事长意识到这不是她的过错，对她笑了笑来缓解气氛。

9.She was so angry that she threw my cup on the floor, breaking it into pieces.她大怒，把我的杯子摔在地上，摔得粉碎。

10.By reading his body language, you can tell whether he is being truthful with you or if he is just giving you an excuse.观察他的形体语言，你可以判断出他是在跟你说实话还是仅仅找个借口敷衍你。

11.No matter what people are saying to you, remember that sometimes “actions speak louder than words.”

不管人们对你说些什么，记住“观其行胜于闻其言”。12.Body movements are unconscious forms of expressions and they can convey certain information to the audience.肢体动作是表达感情的无意识形式，能向观众传递某种信息。

Unit5: 1．我希望我们的努力对预防艾滋病有所帮助。

I hope that the effort that we’ve made will be of some use to the battle against AIDS.2．尽管地方性组织在同艾滋病作斗争方面做了很大努力，农村地区的艾滋病患者数量还是在增长。

Despite all the efforts form the local organizations in the battle against AIDS, the number of people in rural areas diagnosed with AIDS has been increasing, 3．请把电视关掉，因为噪音会使她分心，无法专心做作业。

Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework.4．由于缺乏资金和必要设备，这家公司过了很长时间才实施提高产品质量的计划。

It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of its goods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.5．在报名参加这门课程前，你最好对它有所了解。

You’d better learn something about the course before signing up for it.6.该政策对推动当地经济发展起着越来越重要的作用。

The policy is playing a more and more important role in promoting the development of local economy.7.The patient’s immune system would reject the new heart as a foreign object.病人的免疫系统会将新移植的心脏当成异物而排斥。

8.Some people say that many of us eat so badly that we suffer mental and physical damage because of both vitamin and mineral deficiency.有人说我们许多人饮食太糟，缺乏维他命和矿物质，因而我们的身心都受到损害。9.Biomedical research will enable many individuals infected with HIV to live longer, more comfortable lives.生物医学研究将会使很多艾滋病病毒感染者延长寿命，生活少些痛苦。

10.The central government has published a five-year action plan meant to encourage all parts of society to join in AIDS prevention and control.中央政府已经发布了一项五年行动计划，旨在鼓励社会各界都参与到艾滋病的防治中来。11.Distance symptoms do not usually appear until six to ten years after a person is infected with HIV.一个人感染了艾滋病毒，其症状一般要到6到10年后才会表现出来。

12.For years, the world stared at the spreading AIDS disaster and argued whether effective AIDS care could ever be practical in poor countries.许多年来，人们眼睁睁看着艾滋病泛滥成灾，争论着有效的艾滋病防治措施在贫穷国家究竟是否适用。

Unit6: 1.爆炸后五分钟警察就到了车站，记者也到了。

The police got to the station five minutes after the explosion, and so did the reporters.2.即使你不同意她的观点，她的话也是值得一听的。Even if you disagree with her, she is worth listening to.3.负责调查的官员只给新闻记者提供了一些事实真相。

The news reporters were given nothing but bare facts by the officials in charge of the investigation.4.这个房子装修得很好，但窗帘的颜色与整体风格不太相配。

The room was well decorated, but the color of the curtain did not go well with the overall style.5.每次去我丈夫出生的地方，我们总是一家家地拜访他的亲戚。

Whenever we go back to the place where my husband was born, we always make the rounds of his relatives.6.与他的希望相反，他女朋友的父母不像他父母那样平易近人。

Contrary to his hope, his girlfriend’s parents are not as approachable as his parents.7.I asked quite a few waiters, who said nothing but smiled at me, before the message registered that my English was not good enough.我问过好几个服务员，可他们什么也没说，只朝着我笑，直到这时我才意识到我的英语不够好。

8.The university president was so angry at the dean that he went a step further and removed him from his post.校长对那位院长非常生气，进而解除了他的院长职务。

9.If you ask the question in front of the kid’s friends, he may say “no” even if he wants to say “yes”.如果你当着孩子的面问这个问题，即使他想说“是”也可能会说“不是”。

10.If you want to graduate with a degree, you should stay away either from online games or from part-time work.如果你想毕业时获得学位，你要么别玩网上游戏，要么别去打零工。

11.Although he hasn’t received a college education himself, he looks down on those who have no college degree.虽然他未接受过大学教育，他却瞧不起那些没有大学学历的人。

12.He suggested quite a few ideas about the managing of the company, but none of them held water.他曾就公司的管理问题提了好几个建议，但没有一个管用。

Unit7: 1.警察放大了失踪女孩的照片，这样他们能容易认出她。

The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily.2.我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。

When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception.3.这位老人见到自己的孙女走进屋时站了起来，竟意想不到地移动了几步，就好像他能行走了似的。

When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house(Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself.4.当时我们的注意力全集中在那幅画上，没有注意到四周有什么异样情况，所以也不能提供任何额外的细节。

At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can’t offer any additional details.5.这对夫妇把车停在停车场，然后朝电影院走去。

The couple pulled their car into the parking lot and then headed for the cinema.6.无论这个问题多么令人讨厌，它都是我们必须正视的问题。

It’s a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is.7.Experience told him that a woman’s natural instinct was to defend herself rather than hurt the attacker.经验告诉他，妇女的天性是保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。

8.The room is looking much better since she had the walls repainted.自从她把墙重新粉刷了后，这房间好看多了。

9.Teenage crime was out of control in many parts of the country, and this city was no exception.在这个国家的许多地方，青少年犯罪已经失去了控制，这个城市也不例外。

10.Weeks after the robbery, he was afraid to go outside, fearing that he would come face to face with the robber a second time.抢劫案发生后的几周，他不敢出门，害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。

11.The victim described to the policemen how a man, who suddenly emerged from the shrub, robbed her.受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。

12.For many Americans today, weekend work has unfortunately become the rule rather than the exception..如今，对许多美国人来说，周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例，而不是例外。

Unit8: 1.这个城市有20所大学，其中有的是世界知名大学。

There are twenty universities in this city, some of which are world-famous.2.他越想这件事，就越生气。

the more he thinks about it, the angrier he becomes.3.她对那些无辜的受害者充满了同情。

She was filled with pity for the innocent victims.4．他全身心忙于公务，根本没有时间考虑休假。

He was occupied with his business matters and didn’t have time to think about a holiday.5.这个国家的经济在一定程度上依赖于原材料的进口。

The country’s economy depends to some degree on the import of raw materials.6.经过委员们数次讨论，新的行动方案初见端倪。

After several discussions between the members of the committee, a new plan of action began to take shape.7.The taxi company has taken on 50 new drivers, some of whom have just got their driving licenses.出租汽车公司新雇了50个司机，其中有的人刚拿到驾驶证。8.The less wit a man has, the less he knows that he wants it.一个人越没有智慧，就越不知道自己缺的就是智慧。

9.There’s no need to take any action at all for the time being.Sleep on it, and tell me what you think in the morning.暂时没有必要采取任何行动。过一晚再作决定，明天上午告诉我你的想法。

10.The economic situation has been worsening in the past few years;the number of needy Americans seeking emergency food and shelter increased by 7% last year.近年来经济形势恶化，寻求紧急食品和住房援助的美国穷人数目去年增加了7%。11.Our source informed us that there was a possibility of another attack the following week, possibly in the central area of the city.我们的消息来源说，下星期有可能发生另一次袭击，也许就在城市中心地区。

新视野英语教程1答案 篇5

Unit 6 III

1.sensible 2.detect 3.precaution 4.occurrence 5.withstand 6.resistant 7.vertical 8.accidental 9.enclosed 10.fastened IV

1.come out of 2.watch for 3.resistant to 4.put out 5.After all

6.make a difference to 7.agree on 8.attach labels to 9.if necessary 10.In addition to V

E J K O B L C H G N VI

1.sense 2.message 3.argument 4.image 5.idea

6.belief 7.knowledge 8.reputation 9.standard 10.habit VII

1-f cupboard 橱柜2-I motorcycle 摩托车3-l silkworm 蚕4-k teardrop 泪滴 5-g bloodstain 血迹6-a sawdust 锯木屑7-e cabinet-maker 细木工匠

8-j steamboat 汽船9-b arrowhead 箭头10-h shirtsleeves 衬衫袖子

11-d windowpane 窗玻璃12-c manservant 男佣人 VIII

1.encourage 2.enlarge 3.encircles 4.enable 5.endanger 6.enlightened 7.ensure 8.enforce 9.enacted 10.endear IX

1.so that the baby would not catch cold 2.so that more people would vote for him

3.so that his father might forgive him for his failure in the math exam 4.so that it would go on smoothly 5.so that you can judge for yourself X

1.She cycled from Shanghai to Beijing, which is pretty difficult for a woman of 50.2.He wore his swimming things in the office, which shocked his boss a great deal.3.They ran out of drink, which actually didn’t bother me because I wasn’t drinking.4.They will win the match, which will please my brother.5.She borrowed a book on literature, which suggests that her literature teacher was having some influence on her.XI

1.We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.2.A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.3.Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.4.If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.5.A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.6.In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them.XII

1.由于在地震中遇难的人大部分都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的，所以一定要改进建筑结构，以便它们能够抵御地震的力量。2．人们应该在家里和工作地点储备些水和食物，这在可能发生地震时是特别必要的。

新视野英语教程1答案 篇6

1.那是个正式的宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, asMother told me to do.2.他的女友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯还未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。

His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid ofhis badhabit of smoking before it took hold.3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be highduring the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。Itis said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.或Bill is saidto have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水的可能性。It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility ofa severe water shortage.或The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid thepossibility of a severe water shortage.Unit 2 1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走回家。Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet.We had to walk home.2)玛丽看上去对汉语考试很担心，因为她还没有背熟课文。Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3)既然篮球赛已被推迟，我们不妨去参观博物馆。

Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4)个二次世界大战期间他一直和父母住在澳大利亚。He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ

5)自 1985 年从南京大学毕业至今，可以说我与我的大学同学失去了联系。Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.Unit 3 1)正如科学家所预言的那样，全球污染成了人类面临的最严重的问题之一。

As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)谋求这些职位的竞争很激烈——今年的求职者是去年的五倍。Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we didlast year.There are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)正如事实表明的那样，教育大纲应当符合国家的经济发展计划。As the factsshow, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)这辆汽车太费油，而且价钱几乎是我想付的两倍。

The car burns too much gas, and moreover,the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)要了解一起重大的国际事件，我们首先需要考虑其历史与政治背景。To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.Unit 4 1)据报道，联合国斡旋者制定出了他们希望双方都能接受的方案。It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hopewillbe acceptable to both sides.2)多丽丝小心翼翼的在森林里行走，害怕遭到大蛇的攻击。Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)地震、台风和其他自然灾害无法防止，但可以采取行动保护生命财产安全。

Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disaters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)我买了新的一期我最喜欢的体育杂志就赶紧回家，急着想读之自娱。I bought a new issue of myfavorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious toamuse myself reading it.5)海伦缺乏自信。我从未遇到过像他那样没有自信的人。Helen lacks confidence.I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.Unit 5

1)我不太清楚哪儿你能找到个好木工——你最好四处打听打听。I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around.2)他感到有点尴尬，赶紧清了清喉咙，抬头看着墙上的画。

Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared histhroat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)迈克尔去世了，留下三个儿子、两个女儿和妻子伊丽莎白。Michael was survived by three sons,two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)作为金融专家，威廉建议我们投资股票市场。a financial expert, William As advised us to invest our money in the stockmarket.5)我们这些小零售商无法和超市在价格和销售等方面竞争。We small retailers can’t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.Unit 6 1.在我上大学之前，祖父对我说的那几句充满智慧的话给我留下了深刻印象。

Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2.千万别把我的伤势告诉我父母，我会很感激你的。Never tell my parents about my injuries and I’ll be very grateful to you(for it).3.我们有几个同事在会上提出了改进工作环境的合理。At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions aboutimproving our working environment.4.迫于工会压力，资方同意给工人增加 10%的工资。

The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5.女主人考虑得很周到，在我们到来之前把房子打扫得干干净净。It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.Unit 7 1)当地一家公司承担了此项工程，但工程没完工就破产了。

A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2)我和你做笔交易—你替我洗车，我晚上把车借给你开。

Let’s make a deal—you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3)我们到达那个我们本以为已毁于那次大地震的村庄时，却发现它只受到轻微 损失。We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped outin the severe earthquake,only to find it slightly damaged.4)我的花园即干燥又背阴。在那样的环境里，很少有植物能茁壮成长。My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition.5)那位电影明星的死亡真相至今仍被谜团笼罩着。Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/exact circumstance of the film star’s death.Unit 8 1)没有个人档案，求职者很难指望受雇当老师。

Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get/ be employed as ateacher.2)有了足够的冰，我们就能冰这些饮料了。With enough ice, we wouldbe able to chill the drinks.3)依我愚见，阅读是打发闲暇的最悦人方式。my humble opinion, reading us In the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.4)有人说，美国运动员迈克尔•菲尔普斯在 2008 北京奥运会上赢得 8 块金牌简 直是奇迹。

新视野英语教程1答案 篇7

关键词：建构主义学习理论,建构主义学习设计六要素,英语教学

1 建构主义学习理论内涵

建构主义是认知心理学的一个分支, 由瑞士心理学家皮亚杰于20世界60年代最早提出, 建构主义学习理论特别强调学习者的自主建构、自主探究、自主发现, 并要求将这种自主学习与基于情境的合作式学习、基于问题解决的研究性学习结合起来。 (何克抗, 2004)

首先, 该理论强调学习者在学习中的主体地位:知识的获得不是一个单向传递过程, 而是一个不断认知和双向建构的过程, 是学习者的原有知识经验与新信息相互作用的产物。在主体对客体的“同化”与“顺应”的过程中, 个体的认知结构会发生变化, 个体对新知识进行解码和重新编码, 以适应新的环境, 从而建立起学习者新的知识结构。作为间接经验获取的重要方式, 信息的传递是必须的, 但是, 信息的传递并不足以保证学习者知识的构建, 学习者掌握知识的多少取决于根据自己已有的经验去建构相关知识的能力, 而不在于能记住多少老师讲授知识的能力。因此, 学生是信息加工的主体、真正的意义构建者, 老师是意义构建的帮助者。

第二, 建构主义学习理论强调学习环境, 即“情境”“协作”“交流”和“意义建构”四个要素的重要作用。学习是对真实“情境”的体验, 只有在真实的情境即社会文化背景下, 利用必要的学习资源, 学习者才能重组原先的知识结构, 深刻理解当前内容的实质与规律, 积极有效地建构知识。“协作”贯穿于整个学习过程, 对意义构建起关键作用。教师与学生、学生与学生通过协作完成对学习资料的收集与整理、完成假设的提出与验证、完成学习进程的自我反馈和学习结果的评价。“交流”是协作过程中最基本的方式或环节;“意义建构”是教学过程的最终目标。

2 建构主义学习设计要素

乔治·加农 (George W.Gagnon) 和米歇尔·柯蕾 (Michelle Collay) (2001) 等人在皮亚杰等研究的基础上, 对建构主义理论做了较为系统的研究, 总结出建构主义学习设计CLD (Constructivist Learning Design) 所包含的六大基本要素, 即“创设情境 (Developing Situations) 、提出问题 (Asking Questions) 、搭建桥梁 (Building Bridges) 、组织协作 (Organizing Groupings) 、展示成果 (Arranging Exhibits) 和反思过程 (Inviting Reflections) ”。丰玉芳 (2006) 指出, “创设情境”是指创建有利于对所学内容意义建构的、尽可能接近真实生活的学习情境;“提出问题”的目的在于激励学生的思维;“搭建桥梁”指的是搭建学生已掌握的知识和即将学的新知识之间的桥梁, 是把建构主义学习理论运用于课堂教学的关键要素之一;“组织协作”是将学生分成若干小组, 通过小组合作来完成学习任务;“展示成果”是学生通过学习小组、个人演讲、角色扮演、专题汇报等多种多样的形式将所学知识和对某一问题的看法与观点展示出来;“反思过程”是学生在老师的指导下, 对自己的原有知识与所学新知识进行归纳整理, 构建自己的知识体系, 通过全面深刻的反思活动提升元认知水平、激发潜能。

3 课程设计案例

笔者以《新视野大学英语读写教程》Unit 1 The Tail of Fame为例, 展示建构主义学习理念及设计六要素在大学英语读写教学中的应用。王峥 (2014) 指出, 英语课堂教学目标不仅要充分考虑学生需求与相关知识水平、具备主题针对性与可操作性, 而且要兼顾语言知识、技能与内容, 具备系统性与逻辑性。这篇讨论艺人追名逐利问题的论说文的教学目标为:理解成名给人的生活带来的好的、不好的影响;掌握学习策略, 兼顾语言知识的扩展, 尤其是词汇学习策略;难点是外化语言知识, 提高学生议论文的段落写作能力。为实现有利于学生意义构建的情境, 结合建构主义学习要素, 笔者进行了以下的课堂教学设计。

(1) 创设情境

创设情境是让学生对即将要学的新知识有感知的唤起、好奇心的唤起, 以激起学生的学习兴趣、求知态度与学习积极性。建构主义认为, 学习产生的前提是学习内容引发学习者的关注, 进而使其形成对学习内容进行意义建构的倾向。课堂情境创设应紧扣课堂主题, 引导学生选择性注意, 能激活学生相关知识并促其重构。 (王峥, 2014)

上课时, 教师围绕本单元的主题Fame, 首先展示两段与学生真实生活和课文内容密切相关的视频。视频一是美国著名脱口秀主持人Oprah Winfrey对学生都比较熟悉的中国歌手张靓颖的采访, 在采访中, 张靓颖不仅展示了自己的独特声音魅力, 还介绍了自己的成长经历以及成名带给自己的收获;视频二是电影《明星之恋》的节选。该电影讲述了美国超级明星克里斯托弗和平凡女孩的一段际遇, 是一部现代版灰姑娘和明星生活的真实写照, 以及明星在名利之前对爱情和友情的选择。视频的形象性和直观性能够对学生形成有效的导向刺激 (orienting stimulus) , 激发学生对“名声之尾”主题的学习兴趣。

(2) 提出问题

“基于问题的学习”是建构主义所提倡的一种教学方式。Sanders (1996) 曾经指出:“好的问题应具有广阔的思考空间或者具有很高的探究价值”, 读写课堂上, 一个好的问题能够调动学生思维的积极性, 引导学生从多个角度去探究知识。

教学中, 导入视频后, 教师让学生回答以下问题:What are benefi ts brought by fame?What do the paparazzi want from the celebrities?Why?What are some of the best things in life the celebrities have to give up?How to gain fame?这些问题是老师针对课文的主题, 联系视频的内容所设计, 没有固定的答案。学生通过小组讨论与协作, 自主寻找答案。

(3) 搭建桥梁

建构主义认为, 意义的建构是在新旧知识之间的反复的、双向的相互作用中发生的。教材所提供的知识是学生主动建构意义的对象, 学生带着问题进入这一阶段的学习, 学生主体根据已有的认知与经验, 在多媒体教学环境下, 搭建起与课文这一客体之间的桥梁, 在老师创造的能充分发挥自主性与创造性、发展批判性思维能力的情景下, 吸收并内化知识, 从而完成新知识的建构。

通过前面视频展示与小组讨论, 学生能非常直观地感受到成名所带给人们的利弊, 这样构建起了他们对课文主题“成名”的基本概念。那么如何才能成名呢?作者对于成名本身和名人所能带来的利弊持什么样的观点?有哪些建议?老师接着抛给学生这些问题, 以激发学生探究问题、解决问题的好奇心, 增加学生构建新知识的愿望。同时, 老师让学生对课文进行查读和略读, 完成对课文内容的理解和对以上问题的探究。这样, 老师以追加问题的方式引导学生搭建起了新旧知识之间的桥梁。

(4) 组织协作

Schmucks (1997) 指出, 建构主义学习设计的关键就在于如何分组以及如何帮助学生共同合作完成学习任务。小组成员之间的协作与交流能使学生更好地分享信息等资源, 有助于完善和深化对主题的意义构建。组织协作时, “每个人既分享外界的知识, 同时又共享自己的知识, 既是知识的‘消费者’, 又是资源的设计者、知识的‘生产者’” (陈琦、张建伟, 2003)

学生被分为不同的学习小组, 分组要考虑学生的兴趣、能力与自己意愿, 确保各组之间的竞争公平性。小组讨论开始前, 根据大脑短时记忆的特点, 首先让学生回忆导入视频与自主阅读时出现的与课文主题密切相关的短语, 比如achieved her instant celebrity, exploiting their talent for等。通过重读文中重点句子, 引导学生进一步探索语言背后的人生哲理。比如通过学习The crueltyof success is that it often leads those who seek such success toparticipate in their own destruction. (成功的残酷在于他往往使那些寻求成功者自寻毁灭) 这句话, 让学生结合“名人效应”, 谈谈自己的理解。文中类似的值得挖掘的句子还有很多, 老师引导学生列出这些句子并进行赏析。此外, 本课的词汇很有特点, 老师引导学生分组讨论, 运用不同的词汇记忆方法。比如, 联想记忆法记忆, chase v.“追赶”, 谐音为“追上去锤死 (chase) 它” (谐音) ;新旧词汇对比法如discount, minute, second, fi ne等词;词根词缀法如conquest, justify等词。每一组学生负责一类词汇记忆方法, 从书中找出对应单词, 然后从自己记忆库中补充其它的单词。小组活动时, 老师控制活动的节奏, 监督活动的质量, 对于讨论中偏离中心学习任务的学生要及时纠正。

(5) 成果展示

小组的成果展示形式多样。可以是每个小组选一个代表汇报交流讨论的结果, 其它同学针对汇报, 提出自己的质疑与看法评价, 汇报组的所有同学参与问题的解答;也可以是小组成员以角色扮演等形式共同展示。

值得注意的是, 在本课的展示环节, 由于各小组成员的生活经历、兴趣爱好、知识结构与认知水平的差异, 即使是同一个主题, 小组展示的结果也千差万别, 各有千秋。这反映出建构主义学习观的特征:学生的学习结果是拓展的和未知的。通过全班的集体交流, 学生对成名所带来的一系列影响有了更加清晰的认识, 同时对议论文的基本协作模式加深了理解。学生的口语与自信心在与同伴的交流中也有望得到改善与提高。

(6) 反思过程

建构主义强调意义建构的个体性与主体性。学习者在综合和概括自己观点、反驳别人观点的过程中能够对自己的观点进行反思性推敲和检验、重构自己的观点。英语课堂上, 学生的学习不仅是对课文的识别、理解与加工, 更是对这一学习过程的自我观察、评价与调节。

学生在老师的指导下对本课的学习内容进行系统的复习和归纳整理, 包括课堂活动中反复操练运用的新的语言知识、成名给人带来的利弊等。归纳整理与对学生的活动作出评价后, 老师布置外化语言知识的练习——段落写作。老师以课文的第3段为范例, 分析a general statement+supporting details这一写作技巧。学生模仿段落组织方法, 在老师的引导下从新的角度外化建构的语言认知。

4 结语

建构主义学习理论为大学英语读写课程的教学设计提供了理论支持, 基于建构主义学习设计的六个基本要素为大学英语读写课程提供具体的操作原则。教师在教学中应灵活运用该理论, 坚持以学生为中心, 从多维的视角观察发现问题, 探索提高英语教学质量的新途径。

参考文献

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