常用英语词汇表

常用英语词汇表（精选7篇）

常用英语词汇表 篇1

出口信贷 export credit

出口津贴 export subsidy

商品倾销 dumping

外汇倾销 exchange dumping

优惠关税 special preferences

保税仓库 bonded warehouse

贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade

贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade

进口配额制 import quotas

自由贸易区 free trade zone

对外贸易值 value of foreign trade

国际贸易值 value of international trade

普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP

最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT

价格术语 trade term(price term)

运费 freight

单价 price

码头费 wharfage

总值 total value

卸货费landing charges

金额 amount

关税customs duty

净价 net price

印花税stamp duty

含佣价price including commission

港口税port dues

回佣return commission

装运港port of shipment

折扣discount, allowance

卸货港port of discharge

批发价 wholesale price

目的港port of destination

零售价 retail price

进口许口证import licence

现货价格spot price

出口许口证export licence

期货价格forward price

现行价格（时价）current price prevailing price

国际市场价格 world(International)Market price

离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board

成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight

到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost, insurance and freight

--------------------交货条件----------------------

交货delivery

轮船steamship(缩写S.S)

装运、装船shipment

租船charter(the chartered ship)

交货时间 time of delivery

定程租船voyage charter

装运期限time of shipment

定期租船time charter

托运人（一般指出口商）shipper, consignor

收货人consignee

班轮regular shipping liner

驳船lighter

舱位shipping space

油轮tanker

报关clearance of goods

陆运收据cargo receipt

提货to take delivery of goods

空运提单airway bill

正本提单original B/L

选择港（任意港）optional port

选港费optional charges

选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers’account

一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment

一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb.shipment

在......(时间)分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots

在......(时间)平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots

分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments

分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments

立即装运 immediate shipments

即期装运 prompt shipments

收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C

允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable

---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------

订单 indent

订货；订购 book;booking

电复 cable reply

实盘 firm offer

递盘 bid;bidding

递实盘 bid firm

还盘 counter offer

发盘（发价）offer

发实盘 offer firm

询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry

---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------

指示性价格 price indication

速复 reply immediately

参考价 reference price

习惯做法 usual practice

交易磋商 business negotiation

不受约束 without engagement

业务洽谈 business discussion

限**复 subject to reply **

限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here **

有效期限 time of validity

有效至**: valid till **

购货合同 purchase contract

销售合同 sales contract

购货确认书 purchase confirmation

销售确认书 sales confirmation

一般交易条件 general terms and conditions

以未售出为准 subject to prior sale

需经卖方确认 subject to seller’s confirmation

需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation

------------------贸易方式------------------------

INT(拍卖auction)

寄售consignment

招标invitation of tender

投标submission of tender

一般代理人agent

总代理人general agent

代理协议agency agreement

累计佣金accumulative commission

补偿贸易compensation trade（或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade 叫：往返贸易）counter trade

来料加工processing on giving materials

来料装配assembling on provided parts

独家经营/专营权exclusive right

独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement

独家代理 sole agency;sole agent;exclusive agency;exclusive agent

（又

-------------------品质条件-----------------------

品质 quality原样 original sample

规格 specifications复样 duplicate sample

说明 description对等样品 counter-sample

标准 standard type参考样品 reference sample

商品目录 catalogue封样 sealed sample

宣传小册 pamphlet公差 tolerance

货号 article No.花色（搭配）assortment

样品 sample 5%增减 5% plus or minus

代表性样品 representative sample

大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality

--------------------商检仲裁-----------------------

索赔 claim争议disputes

罚金条款 penalty仲裁arbitration

不可抗力 force Majeure仲裁庭arbitral tribunal

产地证明书certificate of origin

品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity

重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight(quantity)**商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau(*.C.I.B)品质、重量检验证书 inspection certificate

---------------------数量条件-----------------------

个数 number净重 net weight

容积 capacity毛作净 gross for net

体积 volume皮重 tare

毛重 gross weight

溢短装条款 more or less clause

-----------------------外 汇-------------------------

外汇 foreign exchange法定贬值 devaluation

外币 foreign currency法定升值 revaluation

汇率 rate of exchange浮动汇率floating rate

国际收支 balance of payments硬通货 hard currency直接标价 direct quotation软通货 soft currency

间接标价 indirect quotation金平价 gold standard买入汇率 buying rate通货膨胀 inflation

卖出汇率 selling rate固定汇率 fixed rate

金本位制度 gold standard黄金输送点 gold points

铸币平价 mint par纸币制度 paper money system国际货币基金 international monetary fund

黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve

常用英语词汇表 篇2

Debt to equity.A measure of a company's financial leverage calculated by dividing long term debt by shareholders equity.It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets.是指公司长期负债与股东权益的比率。

de facto[银]实际上

A condition or situation treated as standard or official, even if not explicitly stated.即使未明言, 仍被当作标准或正式的条件或情况。

Dead Capital[证]不生息资本、死钱

Dead Money指投资在无利益的事业, 或尚未投资的资金。

dead-end street[房]死路

Also known as“Cul de Sac”.A street which is closed at one end so that traffic cannot flow through it.亦称“Cul de Sac”, 指一头封闭、交通无法穿越的街道。

deal[银]交易, 经营, 协议

1.A proposal for financing a business creation or expansion.2.More generally, any contract or arrangement.1.为建立或扩张企业而融资的提议。2.更常指合同或商定。

dealer[房]房地产经销商

Similar to a car dealer, a person who offers a collection of properties for sale to the public.与汽车经销商相似, 向公众提供一系列物业待售的人。

dealer[证]交易商

An entity that stands ready and willing to buy a security for its own account (at its bid price) or sell from its own account (at its ask price) .是指对自己的账户进行买卖证券, 并自己承担风险的人。以自营商而非代理人的身份参与证券业务的个人或公司。典型的是﹐证券商为自己的账户买入证券然后将自己的存款卖于顾客。交易商品的利润或者损失就是他买卖证券过程中支付价格和接受价格之间的差额。证券商在确认书中必须向顾客表明他是自营商。同一个人或公司在不同时间可以以经纪人和证券商的不同身份经营业务。

dealer bank[银]交易商银行

1.A bank department which is registered as a municipal securities dealer.2.A commercial bank which buys and sells government and agency securities.1.作为地方政府交易商注册的银行部门。2.是指专门从事政府债券交易和代理证券交易的商业银行。

dealer loan[分]交易商贷款

Overnight, collateralized loan from a money market bank made to a dealer financing his position by borrowing.是指银行对交易商给予隔夜质押的贷款。

dealer market[证]交易商市场

A market in which transactions occur between principals acting as dealers buying and selling for their own accounts, rather than between brokers acting as agents for buyers and sellers.是指专门为交易者设立的从事为其账户买卖特定资产的市场。例如, OTC市场。

death cross[证]死亡交叉

A crossover involving a securities long-term moving average breaking above its short-term moving average or support level.As long-term indicators carry more weight, this trend indicates a bear market on the horizon and is reinforced by high trading volumes.Additionally, the long-term moving average becomes the new resistance level in the rising market.技术分析用语。所谓死亡交叉是指原本多头排列之短、中、长期平均线, 其短期平均线自上方逐渐走平且跌破中、长期平均线, 并带动中、长期平均线同步向下行成空头排列, 意味着将有一波不小之跌幅, 往往代表一个相当强烈的卖出信号。

debenture[分]公司债券

Unsecured indebtedness, usually long-term.Most common debentures are in the form of bonds.Unsecured debt backed only by the integrity of the borrower, not by collateral, and documented by an agreement called an indenture.This is a type of share issued by a limited company.It is the safest type of share in that it is really a loan to the company and is usually tied to some of the company's assets so should the company fail, the debenture holder will have first call on any assets left after the company has been wound up.无担保债务, 通常为长期。多数普通信用债务是债券的形式。是指公司凭其信誉担保而发行的无抵押长期债券。凭借款人信誉而非抵押品作保的未担保债务, 用协议来为其作书面证明。无抵押债务, 只依赖借方信用质量作为支持, 并无抵押品, 协议属于契约形式。在英国是指有担保的公司债券;在美国是指无担保证券。

常用英语谚语辑录 篇3

1. Actions speak louder than words. 行动比言语更有说服力。（事实胜于雄辩）

2. Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好。

3. Honesty is the best policy. 诚实总是上策。

4. The best fish are / swim near the bottom. 好鱼居水底。（有价值的东西不能轻易得到）

5. The more you get, the more you want. 拥有越多，想要越多。

注：以上五句谚语运用了形容词、副词比较级或最高级。

6. A rising tide lifts all boats. 水涨船高。

7. Time lost cannot be recalled. 光阴一去不复返。

8. To stand still is to move back. 逆水行舟，不进则退。

9. Saving is getting. 节约而后有。（节约就是获得）

10. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。（打翻牛奶，哭也没用）

注：以上五句运用了非谓语动词。

11. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作（学习）不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

12. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 早起早睡使你健康、富裕、聪明。

13. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.多吃水果利健康。（一天一苹果，医生远离我）

14. A bsence makes the heart grow fonder. 久别情深。

15. Money makes the mare(母马，母驴) go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。

16. You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 领马河边易，逼马饮水难。（不要逼人做不愿做的事）

注：以上六句运用了“vt. + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”句型。

17. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

18. An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之计在于晨。

19. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望，作最坏的准备。

20. Its never too late to mend. 改过迁善从不嫌晚。（亡羊补牢，未为晚也）

21. One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

22. Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. 阅读对于我们心灵之重要，犹如运动对于身体一样。

注：以上六句运用了be worth..., hope for..., prepare for..., too... to..., A is to B what C is to D等固定结构。

23. All that glitters(闪烁) is not gold. / All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的并非都是金子。

24. All that dogs bark at are not thieves. / All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 狗吠者未必是贼。（勿以貌取人）

25. Every couple is not a pair. / Not every couple is a pair. 成双未必能配对。

注：以上三句运用了部分否定结构。

26. It is a good horse that never stumbles(绊倒), and a good wife that never grumbles(牢骚).良马会失蹄，贤妻有牢骚。

27. Its a long lane(小巷)that has no turning. 路必有弯，事必有变。

28. It is love that makes the world go round. 爱使世界更美好。

29. It is the early bird that catches the worm. 早出的鸟儿吃到虫。（捷足先登）

注：以上四句运用了强调句型。

30. A fall into the pit(陷井), a gain in your wit(才智). 吃一堑，长一智。

31. An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. 以眼还眼，以牙还牙。

32. Never put off till tomorrow. 今日事，今日毕。

33. Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

34. Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不想。

35. Waste not, want not. 不浪费，不愁缺。

注：以上六句运用了“省略”，表达精练，语言生动。

36. Alls well that ends well. 结果好就是一切好。

37. He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。

38. Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones. 家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石。（自己有弱点，勿揭他人短）

注：以上三句运用了定语从句。

39. Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.小鸡孵出前，先别忙点数。（办事尚未果，不把成功言）（不要过早乐观）

40. When in Rome do as the Romans do. 入乡从俗。

41. Where there is life there is hope. 有生命就有希望。（留得青山在，不怕没柴烧）

42. Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。

43. Where theres smoke, theres fire. 无风不起浪。

44. If at first you dont succeed, try, try, try again. 再接再厉，终会成功。

45. If a thing is worth doing, its worth doing well. 凡值得一做的都值得做好。

注：以上各句分别运用了时间状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句和条件状语从句。

46. Whats learnt in the cradle(摇篮) lasts till the tomb. 摇篮中所学，受用到墓穴。（孩提时代学到的东西，至死不忘）

注：以上这句运用了主语从句。

常用高考英语词汇 篇4

1. version n. 版本,译本;说法

2. waist n. 腰,腰部

3. weld v./n. 焊接

4. yawn vi. 打哈欠

5. yield vi. (to)屈服于;让出,放弃 n. 产量

6. zone n. 地区,区域

7. strategy n. 战略,策略

8. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的

9. tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态

10. wealthy a. 富裕的

11. adjust v. 调整,调节

12. attach vt. 系,贴;使附属

13. profit n. 利润,益处;v. 有益于,有利于

14. profitable a. 有利可图的

15. slope n. 斜坡,斜面

16. reinforce vt. 增强,加强

17. reject vt. 拒绝

18. fatal a. 致命的;重大的

19. fate n. 命运

20. humble a. 谦逊的;谦虚的

21. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的

22. award vt. 授予,判给 n. 奖品,奖金

23. aware a. 意识到

24. fatal a. 致命的;重大的

25. fate n. 命运

26. humble a. 谦逊的;谦虚的

27. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的

28. award vt. 授予,判给 n. 奖品,奖金

29. aware a. 意识到

30. column n. 柱,圆柱;栏,专栏

31. comedy n. 喜剧

32. dumb a. 哑的;沉默的

33. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒

34. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的

35. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜

36. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人,校长

37. principle n. 原则,原理

38. prior a. 优先的,在前的

39. priority n. 优先,重点

40. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准

41. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的

42. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗

43. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的,始终如一的

44. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)的

45. continual a. 不断地,频繁的

46. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增

47. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采

48. explore v. 勘探

49. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增

50. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的

51. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的

52. removal n. 除去,消除

53. column n. 柱,圆柱;栏,专栏

54. comedy n. 喜剧

55. dumb a. 哑的;沉默的

56. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒

57. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的

58. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜

59. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人,校长

60. principle n. 原则,原理

61. prior a. 优先的,在前的

62. priority n. 优先,重点

63. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准

64. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的

65. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗

66. version n. 版本,译本;说法

67. waist n. 腰,腰部

68. weld v./n. 焊接

69. yawn vi. 打哈欠

70. yield vi. (to)屈服于;让出,放弃 n. 产量

71. zone n. 地区,区域

72. strategy n. 战略,策略

73. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的

74. tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态

75. tension n. 紧张(状态),张力

76. avenue n. 林荫道,大街

77. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的

78. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的

79. comparative a. 比较的,相对的

80. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔

81. data n. 数据,资料

82. dive vi. 跳水,潜水

83. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的

84. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格

85. tension n. 紧张(状态),张力

86. avenue n. 林荫道,大街

87. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的

88. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的

89. comparative a. 比较的,相对的

90. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔

91. data n. 数据,资料

92. dive vi. 跳水,潜水

93. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的

94. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格

95. regulate vt. 管理,调节

96. release vt./n. 释放,排放;解释解脱

97. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张

98. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的

99. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩;退缩

100. subtract v. 减(去)

101. suburb n. 市郊

102. subway n. 地铁

103. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测

104. regulate vt. 管理,调节

105. release vt./n. 释放,排放;解释解脱

106. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张

107. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的

108. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩;退缩

109. subtract v. 减(去)

110. suburb n. 市郊

111. subway n. 地铁

112. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测

113. wealthy a. 富裕的

114. adjust v. 调整,调节

115. attach vt. 系,贴;使附属

116. profit n. 利润,益处;v. 有益于,有利于

117. profitable a. 有利可图的

118. slope n. 斜坡,斜面

119. reinforce vt. 增强,加强

120. reject vt. 拒绝

121. render vt. 使得,致使

122. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施vi.给予补偿n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底

123. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕

124. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的

125. identify vt. 认出,鉴定

126. identify n. 身份;个性,特性

127. poverty n. 贫穷

128. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的

129. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意

130. barrel n. 桶

131. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价

常用英语词汇及句子 篇5

常用词汇

1.Registry area注册区2.Exhibition area展览、展示区 3.The service center服务中心 4.The shuttle bus 5.The entrance 6.Hail a taxi 8.Metro station

9.The light rail station 10.The airport 11.Bus stop 12.corridor 13.The parking lot 14.Gala dinner 15.Go straight 16.Turn left 17.Turn right

18.East, south, west, north

班车站 入口 打车 市中心 地铁站 轻轨站 机场 车站 走廊 停车场 晚宴 一直走 向左转弯 向右转弯 东、南、西、北7.Downtown

Spoken English

英语口语

1.Welcome to our conference.欢迎参加我们的会议。

2.Is there anything I can do for you?有什么我能为您服务的吗？

3.Do you have any questions about conference?您有什么关于会议的问题吗？

4.The meeting will beginning, please entre theconference room as soon as possible.会议即将开始，请以最快速度进入会场。

5.Please show your badge.请出示您的证件。

6.Please look at guild card,the and then find your correct conference room.请你看一下导视牌，然后找到正确的会场位置。

7.Sorry, you haven’t got a badge, please go over there to register and get a badge to enter.对不起，您还没有获得证件，请回到登记处办理登记手续并在入口处领证件。

8.Go straight, then turn right, and you will see the ……

一直走，然后向右转弯，您就能看见 …….9.Please bring up your belongings.请随身带好您的物品。

10.Don’t worry.You can ask the information center

for help.不要着急，您可以到信息中心咨询寻求帮助。

11.You can walk there right down the sightseeing

corridor.您可以漫步这条观光走廊。

12.I’m glad you enjoyed it.我非常开心您能喜欢（享受）。

13.Dear guests,the conference will begin,please be

seating here.亲爱的来宾，会议即将开始，请就座。

14.Don’t worry,you can point the place you want to

go.不要着急，您可以指出您想去的地方。

15.Wait for a moment ,I will handle it right now.请稍等片刻，我马上处理。

16.The shuttle bus will catch you back,this is the

timetable.你可以坐班车回来，这是班车时刻表。

Home assignment

1.self introduction

2.To make a role play a.ask road

b.Inquire the shuttle bus c.Inquire about the exhibition d.Handle the emergency

3.learn from the booklet

家庭作业

1.自我介绍

2.做一个角色扮演的练习a.问路

b.查询班车站

c.关于展览、展示的查询 d.处理突发应急事件

金融英语——常用词汇(九十五) 篇6

The act of selling and buying stocks almost instantaneously in order to increase or decrease book value.

几乎同时出售及买入股票以提高或减低账面价值的行为

CSI计算机安全研究所

Computer Security Institute=CTD

最便宜可交割

Cheapest-to-deliver.The acceptable Treasury security with the highest implied repo rate;the rate that a seller of a futures contract can earn by buying an issue and then delivering it at the settlement date.

由于债券期货常以事实上并不存在的概念性债券为标的资产, 而交割时需要的却是实物形态的债券, 所以, 在期货合同中可以根据列明的实物债券和每一种债券的价格系数来选用那种最便宜可交割的债券, 这对于债券期货的卖方是有利的。

cum dividend附股息

When a buyer of a security is entitled to receive a dividend that has been declared, but not paid.

买家买入的证券有权收取已经公布但未派发的股息

cum rights附带股权

Buyer has the same rights to purchase new share as the current shareholders.

指股东直接按照现行持有股票的比例获得公司新发行股票的权利。

cumulative adj.累计的

An arrangement in which a payment not made when due is carried over to the following period.

安排到期未付款项转移到下一期。

cumulative dividend累积股利

A dividend paid on cumulative preference shares, that the company is liable for in the next payment period if not satisfied in the current payment period (i.e.the dividends accumulate) .

对企业的限制, 旨在确保公司在向普通股股东派息前支付优先股息。是指企业对累积优先股尚未实际支付的红利, 且必须在普通股股利发放之前支付。

cumulative interest累计支付利息

The total amount charged as interest on a loan or mortgage to a certain date.

到某个日期为止, 对某个贷款或抵押贷款收取的利息总额。

cumulative preferred stock累积优先股

Preferred stock on which dividends accrue in the event that the issuer does not make timely dividend payments.Dividends not paid in any year must be made up in a later year before any profits can be distributed to common stocks.

是指股利因企业该年度盈余不足未能按年发放, 则日后若有超额盈余时, 将过去未发的累积股利一并发放的优先股。

cumulative total return累计总回报

Actual, non-annualized performance over a given period of time.

给定时期的实际非年度化的收入。

cumulative voting累计投票

This method of voting is intended to create adequate representation of minority shareholders.Cumulative voting allows shareholders to aggregate their votes in favor of fewer candidates than there are slots available.

公司董事投票的程序, 每名股东的投票权相等于每股一票乘以需要选出董事的数目。这个方法有时也称为按比例投票。

curb v.交易控制

A temporary restriction in trading, in a particular security, usually to reduce dramatic price movements.Also called trading curb.

对特定证券贸易的暂时限制, 通常是为了降低价格的剧烈波动。也叫贸易控制。

curb trading场外交易

Trading that occurs outside of general market regulations, commonly through computers or telephones after the official exchanges have closed.

是指在交易所闭市后, 有些期货商品交易发生在交易所的街道上, 因而起名为路边贸易。

curbs in控制开始生效

The term used to describe when trading curbs are in effect.

术语, 用以描述控制开始生效。

curbs out控制停止

The term used to describe when trading curbs are no longer in effect.

术语, 用以描述控制不再有效。

cure period修复期

A provision in a contract allowing a defaulting party to fix the cause of a default, for example a repayment grace period.

英语作文常用开头与结尾 篇7

文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山,用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题,使读者了解文章要谈论什么,一下子引起读者的兴趣。

一、英语作文常见的开头形式

(一)开门见山,提示主题

文章一开头,就交代清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation?”(我怎样度假)的开头是:

I spent my last vacation happily.

下面是题为“Honesty”(诚实)一文中的开头:

Honesty is one of the best virtues. An honest man is always trusted and respected.

On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”, and is looked down upon by honest people.

(二)交代人物、事情、时间或环境的开头

在文章的开头,先把人物、事件和环境交代清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan”(去金山旅游)的开头:

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. It took three hours to ride here. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.

(三)回忆性的开头

用回忆的方法来开头。例如:“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”)(泰山游)的开头是:

I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.

(四) 概括性的开头

即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头:

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.

(五)介绍环境式的开头

即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:

It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.

(六)交代写作目的的开头

在文章的一开头就交代写作目的,如通过文章要表扬谁,批评谁,或说明一个什么问题等。如“Pollution Control”(控制污染)的开头:

In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.

二、英语作文常见的结尾形式

文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容,进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想,使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的,常见的有以下几种:

(一)首尾呼应

在文章的结尾,把含义较深的话放在末尾,以点明主题,深化主题,起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her”(我忘不了她)的结尾:

After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.

(二)自然结尾

随着文章的结束,文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾:

I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.

(三)用反问结尾

虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,并具有特别的强调作用,引起读者深思。如“Should We Learn to Do Housework?”(我们要不要学做家务?)的结尾:

Everyone should learn to do housework. Don’t you agree, boys and girls?

(四)含蓄的结尾

用比喻或含蓄的手法,不直接点明作者的看法,而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvest”(收割的日子)的结尾:

Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.

(五)重复主题句

结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上,达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Hometown”(我爱我的家乡)的结尾:

I love my hometown, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.

(六)指明方向,激励读者

结尾表示对未来的展望,或期待读者投入行动。如“Let’s Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾:

As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work better. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let’s go in for sports.

三、常见的信件开头结尾表达方式

(一)信件开头常用语

Your letter came to me this morning.

I have received your letter of July the 20th.

I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday. (我把下个星期一要作的报告内容写给你。)

I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.

How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last time.

Thank you for your letter.

In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…

Let me tell you that…

(二)信件结尾常用语

Please remember me to your whole family.

Give my best regards(wishes) to your mother.

Best wishes.

With love.

Wish you a pleasant journey.

Wish you success.

Wish you the best of health(luck).

Looking forward to your next visit to China.

Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you. (十分期望见到你。)

Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.

(三)表示感谢的信的开头语

Thank you for your interesting/kind/informative letter which arrived yesterday/this morning/the day before yesterday/last week.

Thank you for your birthday card.

Many thanks for your sending me the book on Shakespeare. It was very kind of you.

It was nice of you to send me the beautiful album of stamps which arrived this morning.(我今早收到了你寄给我的那本精美的集邮册,你真是太好了。)

I really don’t know how to thank you enough.

(四)表示道歉的信的开头语

I was sorry I couldn’t write earlier. I went on business for Beijing when your letter arrived. (很抱歉,没有早点写回信。你的来信寄到时,我到北京出差了。)

Sorry for delaying this letter so long. I’ve been terribly busy with the new term starting. 这么久才写信真不好意思,新学期一开始我就一直很忙。

I must apologize for not writing back.

(五)表示高兴的开头语

I was so/very delighted/happy/pleased to receive your wonderful letter.

I was very delighted to have the wonderful gift you sent to me. It was very kind of you.

(六)表示遗憾的开头语

I was sorry to learn that you were ill. I hope you are getting better soon.

I was so sorry that we didn’t meet when you were in Beijing last week. I happened to be away on business and didn’t come back until today.

(七)常见的书信结尾表达方式

I’m looking forward to seeing you.

I’m looking forward to your early reply.

We are longing to hear from you.