非谓语动词专项讲解
顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的一种动词形式。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。分词又分为现在分词和过去分词。
二、动词不定式
1.不定式的构成与特征
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，一般由“to ＋ 动词原形”构成。它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用，同时也保留着动词的一些特征，可以带宾语或状语。例如：
At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles.在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中成为第一个获得金牌的亚洲人，使全亚洲人兴奋不已。（不定式起形容词作用，同时带有宾语和状语）
2.不定式的功能与用法
1）作主语
It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.很难想像出一个比这更不适合居住的地方。
（it作形式主语，to imagine a more inhospitable place为真正的主语）
2）作表语
The aim of the treaty is to prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.这个公约的目的是防止商业和军事上使用这个洲。
3）作宾语
He was very happy to meet two foreigners and wanted to learn all about Europe.他很高兴遇到两个外国人，于是想全面了解欧洲。
注意：两个不定式并列时，第二个不定式to省略。例如： People like to meet in the evening and watch the moon.人们喜欢在夜晚聚在一起赏月。（watch the moon 与to meet in the evening为两个并列的不定式，故watch前省略了to。这两个不定式均作like的宾语。）
能够接不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：afford, agree, aim, ask, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, try, wait, want, wish等。
【透视高考题】
真题：
I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded(2005 天津)简析：考查不定式作宾语。want后接不定式，而且sound是连系动词，不用被动语态。所以A是正确答案。sound like听起来像是。
4）作宾语补足语
We saw her enter a restaurant.我们看见她走进一家餐馆。
I want you to come to my birthday party.我要你来参加我的生日聚会。
注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to。下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。”
能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn等。
5）作定语
Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know?你想结交更多的朋友却感到与陌生人交流信心不足吗？
注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词不可省略。例如：Give me a pen to write with.给我一支笔写字。另外，还有一种“介词 ＋ which ＋ 不定式”的结构也可以作定语。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new appartment.这对年轻夫妇需要一大笔钱来买房子。
【透视高考题】
真题：
This company was the first ___ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A.producingB.to produceC.having producedD.produced
(2005 上海春)
简析：考查不定式作定语。在first, last等词后，要用不定式作定语。故B正确。
6）作状语
I am very happy to meet you.我很高兴见到您。
注意：
①有的语法学家将形容词后的不定式归到宾语。这类形容词有： afraid, anxious, careful, content, determined, foolish, prepared, ready, slow, willing等。
②在强调目的状语时，不定式前可加上in order或so as，即通常我们所说的“in order to/so as to”词组。有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to不用于句首。
③在so...as to, enough to, only to, too...to等结构中，不定式表示结果。例如：
Will you be so kind as to open the window?
劳驾您打开窗户好吗？
He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off.他到达机场（结果）却发现飞机已经起飞了。
【透视高考题】
真题：
__ the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.A.ImprovingB.To improveC.Having improved D.Improved
(2006 上海春)
简析：考查不定式作目的状语。分词一般不能作目的状语，故选B。
3.不定式的否定结构
不定式的否定结构由“not ＋ 不定式”构成，简言之，to前加not。例如：
She finally decided not to marry him.她最终决定不嫁给他。
4.“疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词who, what, which, when, where和how后加上不定式可构成一种特殊的结构，它的作用相当于一个名词性从句。同样一句话，英语里可用从句和不定式结构来表达，意思没有区别。试比较：
我不知道该怎么办。
I don’t know what I should do.(宾语从句，较正式)
I have no idea(of)what I should do.(同位语从句，较正式)
I don’t know what to do.(疑问词＋不定式结构作宾语，简洁，较口语化)
I have no idea(of)what to do.(疑问词＋不定式结构作同位语，简洁，较口语化)
注意：在 Why(not)do sth.? 这个句式里，不定式不带to，例如：Why not try again? 为
什么不再试试？
5.不定式的复合结构
有时候不定式前有自己的逻辑主语，用for来引出，结构为： for ＋ 名词（代词宾格）＋ 不定式。例如：
It is necessary for us to master at least one foreign language.我们至少掌握一门外语是很有必要的。
注意：有些形容词后接这种结构时，不用介词for，而用of。例如： It’s very kind of you to do so.你这样做真是太客气了。这类形容词还有：silly, bad, nice, honest, stupid, clever, wise, wrong等。
6.不定式的时态与语态形式
所谓不定式的时态和语态形式是指不定式有完成式、进行式和被动式。例如：
I am very happy to have met your mother.见到了你的母亲我非常高兴。
Her English seems to be improving.她的英语似乎在长进。
【透视高考题】
真题：
The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causingB.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused
(2004 上海)
简析：考查不定式的被动式。这是个被动语态句型：sb./ sth.is believed to do / be done / doing / have done / have been done，根据句意，应该用被动式，故选C。
三、动名词
1.动名词的构成与特征
动名词是由“动词原形 ＋ ing”构成，与现在分词的构成完全相同。顾名思义，动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的特征。所谓的动词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语，名词特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：
Would you mind my closing the window? 你介意我关上窗户吗？
2.动名词的功能与用法
1）作主语
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.泼出去的水收不回。
注意：在It is no use...;It is no good...;It is great fun...等这些句子结构中，其后习惯接动名词。
2）作表语
His job is fixing computers.他的工作是修电脑。
3）作动词宾语
Have you finished writing the article? 你写完那篇文章了吗？
She suggested going there by air, as plane tickets are very cheap.由于机票很便宜，她建议乘飞机去那里。
有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，这类动词常见的有：admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest等；短语动词有give up, insist on等。为了帮助大家记忆，现将最常用的10个动词的首字母缩略在一起：MEPSKARFI（梅不是咖啡）（M-mind, E-enjoy, P-practise, S-stop, suggest, K-keep, A-avoid, R-risk, F-finish, I-insist on）。
【透视高考题】
真题1：
The parents suggested ________ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A.sleepB.to sleepC.sleeping D.having slept(2006 上海春)简析：考查动名词作宾语。suggest后有三种情况：
1）意为“建议”，后接动名词作宾语，如此句，所以C为正确答案；
2）后接that从句时，从句的谓语要用“（should）+动词原形”；
3）表示“暗示”含义，后接that从句时，从句的谓语要用陈述语气。
真题2：
When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ______ at the party, but not _______.A.to arrive;leavingB.to arrive;to leave
C.arriving;leavingD.arriving;to leave(2005 北京)简析：考查动名词作宾语。remember后接动名词作宾语表示“记得已经做过的事”。remember to do sth.表示“记住去做某事”，即表示没有做的事。根据句意，前后都应填动名词，指已经发生过的事情，故C正确。
4）作介词宾语
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me.我给他和他的妻子写了一封感谢信，因为他们帮助了我。
【透视高考题】
真题：
Accustomed to ________ the steep moun?鄄tains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.A.climbingB.climbC.having climbedD.have climbed(2005 上海春)简析：考查动名词作介词宾语。be accustomed to是个词组，表示“习惯于（某事）”，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故A正确。
5）作定语
The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill’s term for the dividing line between eastern and western Europe.铁幕是政治家温斯顿·丘吉尔使用的术语，指东欧与西欧的分界线。
3.动名词的否定结构
动名词的否定结构是由“not ＋ 动名词”构成。例如：
I am sorry for not handing in my homework on time.我很抱歉没有按时交作业。
4.动名词的时态与语态形式
所谓动名词的时态形式是指动名词有一般式和完成式两种，语态形式是说动名词有被动式。
5.动名词的复合结构
动名词有时带有自己的逻辑主语，这样就形成了动名词的复合结构。其构成形式为：“名词所有格（或物主代词）＋动名词”。例如：
Mary’s coming late made the teacher very angry.玛丽的迟到让老师很生气。
【透视高考题】
真题：
I really can’t understand ________ her like that.A.you treatB.you to treatC.why treat D.you treating(2005 安徽)简析：考查动名词复合结构。understand后接动名词或动名词的复合结构作宾语。动名
词的复合结构作宾语时，其动名词的逻辑主语可以用物主代词，也可以用人称代词宾格。此句中可用your treating 或you treating，故选D。
6.动名词与不定式的比较
动名词与不定式有许多相同或相似的用法，容易混淆，现将二者的异同点作一比较。
1）相同之处。下列句子的表达既可用动名词，也可用不定式，意义上无区别。眼见为实。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.他爱玩电脑游戏。He likes playing computer games.He likes to play computer games.我的工作是教你英语。My job is teaching you English.My job is to teach you English.2）不同之处。下列情况用动名词与用不定式会有不同的效果和意义。
A)动名词的逻辑主语可能泛指人们，而不定式的逻辑主语则是句子本身的主语。试比较：I hate smoking.我讨厌吸烟。（相当于说：I hate people smoking.）
I hate to smoke.我不爱吸烟。（相当于说：I don’t smoke as I dislike it.）
B)动名词表示一般的或抽象的多次性动作，而不定式则表示具体的一次性动作。试比较：I like seeing English films.我喜欢看英文电影。
Would you like to see the English film tonight? 今晚你想看英文电影吗？
C)有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，而有些动词就只能接不定式。这些动词我们在前面已有归纳，这里不再赘述。
D)有不少动词后面既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式作宾语。这类动词常见的有：attempt, begin, continue, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, neglect, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start, try, want等。有些动词后接动名词与不定式，意思会有所不同。试比较：
I regret telling you the truth.我后悔对你讲了真相。（动名词表示过去已发生的事情）I regret to tell you that I cannot come.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能来。（不定式表示现在）E)有些动词后面接动名词主动式表示被动意义，而接不定式则要用被动式。试比较： The car needs repairing.汽车需要修理。（repairing为主动式表示被动含义）
1.You’d better____________________ (not tell) her about the news.
2.The students are busy____________________ (go) over their lessons.
3.You’re never too old____________________ (enjoy) Christmas.
4.Nothing will stop us from____________________ (work) hard.
5.I have got a headache.I really don’t feel like____________________ (eat) anything.
6.She has something important____________________ (tell) you.
7.The old man____________________ (name) John was his uncle.
8.Before I went____________________ (camp) , it suddenly began raining.
9.He spends a lot of time____________________ (do) his homework every day.
10.Some of the apples are hard____________________ (reach) .
II.单项选择。
() 1.I have read the article______by Lu Xun.
A.writeB.wroteC.writingD.written
() 2.He did everything he could______the old man.
A.to saveB.saveC.savingD.saved
() 3.At last we found______.
A.it’s hard fi nishing the workB.it hard to fi nish the work
C.he hard to fi nish the workD.him is hard to fi nish the work
() 4.We should keep our eyes______while doing eye exercises.
A.closeB.closedC.openD.opened
() 5.—Dad, please open the door.It______.
—OK.I am coming.
A.will lockB.lockedC.is lockedD.was to lock
() 6.I don’t know______with this problem.It’s too hard.
A.which to doB.when to doC.what to doD.how to do
() 7.She found a dog______to a tree.
A.tieB.to tieC.tyingD.tied
() 8.Who was the fi rst one______?
A.to reachB.to arriveC.to get toD.to arrive at
() 9.There are some dangerous fi shes in this river, and I’ve warned Jack______here.
A.not to swimB.to not swimC.swim not toD.to swim no
() 10.—Did you have any problems in Paris?
—Yes, ______Chinese food like rice, noodles and dumplings.
A.fi ndB.foundC.fi ndingD.to fi nd
() 11.It’s a custom______hands with people when we fi rst meet.
A.to shakeB.shakesC.shookD.shaking () 12.She is a nice girl______.
A.to workB.workC.to work withD.work with
() 13.There is a boy______in the river.
A.swimB.is swimmingC.swimmingD.swims
() 14.In recent years, many children are made______what they are not interested in.
A.doB.to doC.doesD.did
() 15.—Bob speaks Chinese very well.
—So he does.He practices______Chinese every day.
A.speakingB.to speakC.speaksD.spoke
【关键词】高中英语 课堂教学 非谓语动词 状语
在高中英语的语法体系中，非谓语动词是比较重要的语法项目。一直都是高考的考察重点。而分词又是非谓语动词中比较重要的一块。在此，本人以分词做状语的入门问题发表下自己粗浅的看法。
学生对于时间状语从句比较熟悉，那么就从这入手吧，
When we see from the top of the mountain， we can see the whole city clearly.
1.让学生先找出主句与从句。
2.让学生找出从句中的谓语动词和主句中的主语。
3.判断从句中的谓语动词与主句中主语的主动或被动关系。如果是主动，就用从句中谓语动词的现在分词形式来做状语；如果是被动就用从句谓语动词的过去分词形式来做状语。
这三步走下来，学生很容易弄明白上面的时间状语从句如何变成分词做状语的了。
现在，我们看下面的例子：
When we see from the top of the mountain， we can see the whole city clearly.
第一步，先找从句中的谓语动词和主句的主语。
——When we see from the top of the mountain， we can see the whole city clearly.
第二步，判断从句中谓语动词和主句主语的主动或被动关系。
从句中的谓语动词是 see， 主句中的主语是 we， 它们之间的关系应该是主动的。（我们从山顶上看城市）所以应该使用从句谓语动词的现在分词形式做状语。
——Seeing from the top of the mountain， we can see the whole city clearly.
再看另外一个句子：
When we see from the top of the mountain， the whole city looks more beautiful.
同样分这样三个步骤：
找出从句中的谓语动词 see， 与主句中的主语 the whole city；
判断动词 see 与 the whole city 的主动或被动关系。
When we see from the top of the mountain， the whole city looks more beautiful.
这次学生很容易看出从句中的谓语动词与主句中的主语的关系变化了，这次所构成的是被动关系了。那么这时就应该使用动词的过去分词来完成分词做状语。
When we see from the top of the mountain， the whole city looks more beautiful.
——Seen from the top of the mountain， the whole city looks more beautiful.
相信这样一过渡，学生能够理解分词做状语的来龙去脉，能够明白分词做状语其根本就是找到从句中的谓语动词与主句中主语的主动或被动关系，判断出两者的正确的主动或被动关系，主动就用从句谓语动词的现在分词来做状语，被动就用从句谓语动词的过去分词来完成分词做状语的表达方式。
当然，在考试当中，会直接给出相应的试题，并不会让学生找出从句中的谓语动词，和主句的主语。例如这样一道考题：
（ ）a bike， Tom saw a dong. （ride）
我们如何应用上面的理论来完成这道题呢？
其实，考题当中省略了理论当中的第一步，它所给我们添加的动词其实就已经是从句中的谓语动词了，我们只需要判断所给的动词与句子的主语的主动或被动关系就可以了。上题中，ride 与主句主语 Tom 的逻辑关系应该是主动的，我们添加现在分词形式。（Riding）a bike， Tom saw a dog.
我们不妨还原下我们的理论，把分词做状语的句子改变成最初的状语从句。上面的句子原来应该是这样的；
When Tom was riding a bike， he saw a dog.
试一下，如果我们按照原来的三步理论，能否得到我们想要的正确答案呢？很显然，我们能够得到我们的正确答案，所以，我们的理论是成立的。再看下面的例子；
（ ）the question， Tom was sleeping.（ ask）
我们判断动词ask 与句子主语Tom的关系，是主动还是被动呢？是Tom问别人问题还是Tom被问问题呢？看后面的句子含义是Tom在睡觉，所以不能是Tom问别人，应该是Tom被问问题的时候他在睡觉，应该是被动关系，完成句子是：
（Asked）the question， Tom was sleeping.
我们不妨再把句子还原成状语从句，应该是这样的：
When Tom was asked the question， he was sleeping.
同样，把上面的句子按照原来的理论分三步完成分词做状语，答案仍然是正确的。
再例如：______ how to solve the problem， Tom finished the exam-paper quickly. （know）
找到主句中的主語是Tom， 我们所需添加的动词know与Tom之间是逻辑上的主动关系，那么就用know 的现在分词来表明它们之间的主动关系。因此括号里所填的是knowing.
1.动名词作主语
Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.换乘火车多少有些不便。
Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult.又聋又哑很难与人交往。Watching the event on television was a poor substitute for actually being there.从电视上观看那个比赛比现场观看可差远了。
Reading by artificial light is bad for the eyes.阅读时使用人工照明会损害眼睛。Writing a dictionary is a long and difficult business but we’re getting there.编写词典是费时费事的工作, 但我们一定能成功。
Writing a book was a more difficult job than he’d thought.写书这工作可比他原来想像的难得多。
2.不定式作主语
To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.说自己不知道规则是不能成为藉口的。
How to earn daily bread by my pen was then the problem.如何靠我的笔维持生计在当时是一难题。
To have such an easy examination paper was a gift from the gods.碰到这样容易的考卷, 那是老天爷的恩赐。
To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.说自己不知道规则是不能成为藉口的。
To say that he was displeased is an understatement.说他不高兴是重事轻说。To move house requires forward planning.要搬家得先做好计划。
英语非谓语动词讲解及练习非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：
doing , done , to do , doing。当然它们有各自不同的变化形式，如：
现在分词 doing : 有being done（被动式）;having done（完成式）;having been do ne（完成被动式）
不定式
to do : 有to be done（被动式）;to have done（完成式）;to be doing（进行式）
动名词
doing : 有having done（完成式）;being done（被动式）;
非谓语动词的特点： 三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征，虽然它们没有人称和数的变化，但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解： 一．
动词不定式
先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。1．To learn a foreign language is difficult.2． His wish is to be a driver.3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5．I have nothing to say.6．They went to see their aunt.7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next.9．I heard them make a noise.说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语，5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语，it 代替动词不定式，作形式主语。8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：
1． “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ，equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2． 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in I cannot do anything but give in I saw him enter the classroom.（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom.）
3． 动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of.It’s necessary for you to study hard.It’s foolish of him to do it.与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible 4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important.而说We think it important to obey the laws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to 6．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend.Please lend me something to write with.He is looking for a room to live He is looking for a room to live in.He has no money and no place to live(in).I think the best way to travel(by)is on foot.There is no time to think(about).2）主谓关系：
She is always the last(person)to speak at the meeting.----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post.(逻辑主语是I)-------Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now
(逻辑主语不是I)7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义： 1）原因
He is lucky to get here on time.这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious.lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2)目的
He came to help me with my maths.3)结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out.The book is too hard for the boy to read.He is old enough to go to school.8.不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now.能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词
Learning English is very difficult.学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus.他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。注意以下几种结构：
1．There’s no telling what will happen.=It’s impossible to tell what will happen.= No one can tell what will happen.2．It’s no use talking with him.It’s no good speaking to them like that.3．There’s some difficulty(in)doing … 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do … 忘记要做某事 forget doing… 忘记做了某事 remember to do…记住要做某事 remember doing …记着做了某事 mean to do …
有意要做某事 mean doing …
意味着做了某事 regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔 regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔 can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事 try to do …
尽力去做某事 try doing
试着做某事 learn to do …
学着去做某事 learn doing …
学会做某事
stop to do …
停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing …
停止做某事 go on to do …
接着做（另外一件事）go on doing … 继续做某事 used to do …
过去做某事 be used to doing …习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别 动名词作定语表达
n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who)be doing的含义 如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping a running horse = a horse which is running 前者是动名词，后者是现在分词
又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy 3． 动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very happy.4．动名词的语态和时态
5． 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如： This room needs painting.这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit.practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ，三． 分词 The story is interesting.I’m interested in it.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。2.This is a moving film.这是一部动人的电影。
3.The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。4.Given more time , I’ll do it well.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语 The news sounds encouraging.They got very excited.1）现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别： The news is interesting.He is interested in he news t.doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ；done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。2）表语与被动式的区别：
The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.（强调动作）
The blackboard is broken.You’d better have it repaired.（强调状态）3）常作表语的过去分词：
amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done
3．现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别
The situation in our country is encouraging.(表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby.(动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging.What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.4．注意的四种结构：
have something to do 有某事要做 have something done 使某事被做
have somebody do something 使某人做某事 have something doing 让某事一直做着 5． 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词： seat , prepare , hide , dress
如：I seated myself on the chair.I was seated on the chair.6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：
分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果。Having finished the homework , I went home.（时间）Being a Party member , I should work hard.（原因）Given more time ,I can do my work better.（条件）He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy.（伴随）
To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder.(目的)He is old enough to join the army.（结果）7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别
a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking
something to do 不定式 = something that I should do 8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别： I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting.(将来)The building being built on the river is the Science Museum.（正在进行）The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions.（过去）9．分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：
分词与句子主语的逻辑关系
Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful.(错误)Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful.（正确）
Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系；seen 与city 是动宾关系 练习
I.单项选择
1.Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting
2.______ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A.Having being told B.Though had been told C.He was told D.Having told
3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _____ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.testing C.to rest D.rest 4.The next morning she found the man ______ in bed , dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying
5.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier , _______ it more difficult.A.to make B.not to make C.not making D.to not make 6.The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 B.C., did not include women plays until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 7.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.----Well , now I regret ____________that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with talks , _______ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 9._______ a reply , he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 10.The speaker raised his voice, but he still couldn’t make himself ________.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard
Robert is said ___ abroad , but I don’t know what country be studied in.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying II.用动词的正确形式填空
1.Little Tom should love ________(take)to the theatre this evening.2.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______(learn).He always works hard.3.The computer centre , ______(open)last year , is very popular among the students in this school.4.Go on _____(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.5.How about two of us ______(take)a walk down the garden.答案： I 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.D II 1.to be taken;2.to learn;3.opened;4.to do;5.taking
非谓语动词练习: 1.I really appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had time
B.having time
C.to have time
D.to having time 2.Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.A.admit
B.admitted
C.admitting
D.to admit 3.In order to gain a bigger share in the International market, many state-run companies are striving _________ their products more competitive.A.to make
B.making
C.to have made
D.having made 4.When_______, the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed
B.completing
C.being completed
D.to be completed 5.Having a trip abroad a certain good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see
B.to be seen
C.seeing
D.seen 6.The manager, ________ his factory products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.A.knowing
B.known
C.to know
D.being known 7.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.A.seeing
B.having seen
C.to have seen
D.to see 8.The discovery of new evidence led to ______.A.the thief having caught
B.catch the thief
C.the thief being caught
D.the thief to be caught 9.He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket a passenger.A.put
B.to be putting
C.to put
D.putting 10.Victor apologized for _______ to inform me the change in the plan.A.his being not able
B.him not to be able
C.his not being able
D.him to be not able 11.Suddenly, a tall man _________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared
B.seized;disappeared
C.seizing;disappearing
D.seized;disappearing 12._______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait
B.Have waited
C.Having waited
D.To have waited 13.Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.A.run
B.running
C.being run
D.to run 14.The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing
B.being caused
C.to be caused
D.to have caused 15.The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to the beauty nature.A.to smell
B.smelling
C.smelt
D.to be smelt 16.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ________ it---you have got some big bills coming.A.forget
B.forgot
C.forgetting
D.to forget 17.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film star had already left.A.to tell
B.to be told
C.telling
D.told 18.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.A.pass
B.to pass
C.passed
D.passing 19.You were silly not ________ your car.A.to lock
B.to have locked
C.locking
D.having locked 20.________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.A.Compare
B.When comparing
C.Comparing
D.When compared 21.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to his boss for advice.A.To face
B.Having faced
C.Faced
D.Facing 22.The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused
B.to have caused
C.to cause
D.having caused 23.Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.A.doctors came to their rescue
B.the tall building collapsed
C.an emergency measure was taken
D.warnings were given to the tourists 24.-----English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
-----Yes, ________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to communicate and read.A.Know
B.Knowing
C.To know
D.Known 25.While watching TV, ________.A.the doorbell rang
B.the doorbell rings
C.we heard the doorbell ring
D.we heard the doorbell rings 26.It is necessary to be prepared for a job interview.________ the answer ready will be of great help.A.To have had
B.Having had
C.Have
D.Having 27.I couldn’t do my home work with all that noise _________.A.going on
B.goes on
C.went on
D.to go on 28.I don’t want ________ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound
B.to be sounded
C.sounding
D.to have sounded 29.At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ________ down to eat our picnic lunch.A.sitting
B.having sat
C.to sit
D.sat 30.I really can’t understand _________ her like that.A.you treat
B.you to treat
C.why treat
D.your treating 31.The bank is reported in the local newspaper__________ in broad daylight yesterday.A.being robbed
B.having been robbed
C.to have been robbed
D.robbed 32.________ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.A.To grow
B.Growing
C.Grown
D.Grow 33.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A.being completed
B.is completed
C.to be completed
D.completed 34.Mrs.Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had ________ went wrong again.A.it repaired
B.to be repaired
C.repair
D.repaired 35.No one had told Smith about __________ a lecture the following day.A.there being
B.there be
C.there would be
D.there was 36.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is , than ______ a room with someone else.A.share
B.to share
C.sharing
D.to have shared 37.Taking this kind of medicine, if ________, will surely produce side effect.A.continue
B having continued
C.continuing
D.continued 38._______ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.A.The girl was educated
B.The girl educated
C.The girl’s educating
D.The girl’s being educated 39._________ hardly made Allan pay any attention to _________ his mistakes.A.Scolding;correcting
B.Being scolded;correct
C.Being scolded;correcting
D.Having been scolded;correct 40.Joe stopped eating chocolate, and he went back ___________ again.A.to smoking
B.to smoke
C.smoking
D.smoke 41.A Brazilian mask maker has finished two models of mask of Iraqi ex-president Saddam Hussein, one of him in power and one of him when _________ by US soldiers.A.caught
B.catching
C.to be caught
D.to catch 42.-----What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night?
-----I lost my way in complete darkness and, __________ things worse, it began to pour.A.making
B.to make
C.having made
D.made 43.------Did you forget to mention my name or fear something when you applied for an instructor?
------I meant ________, but they ________ favorites of the people in the power.A.to have mentioned;were
B.to have;are
C.mentioning;have been
D.to have been mentioned;had been 44.With no rain for three months and food supplies __________ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.A.run
B.running
C.to run
D.to be run 45.________ his age, he did it quite well, so don’t _______ him any more.A.Given;blame
B.Considered;say
C.To regard;scold
D.Considering;speak 46.The two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets______ orbiting other stars.A.have been found
B.have found
C.to be found
D.found 47.The bird flu _______ through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, _______ 16.A.sweeps;killed
B.swept;killing
C.sweeping;to kill
D.sweeping;killing 48.The speech which he made ________ the football match bored a lot of fans to death.A.being concerned
B.be concerned
C.concerned
D.concerning 49.Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A.no to want anyone
B.wanted no one
C.not wanting anyone
D.to want no one 50.A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, ______ at least 20 people.A.having been injured
B.having injured
C.injuring
D.injured 51.-----What’s matter with Tim?
------Oh.Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ______ again.A.to find
B.to be found
C.finding
D.being found 52.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our work _______, we refused the offer.A.not finishing
B.had not been finished
C.not having finished
D.not being finished 53.Though ___________ nature resources, the area is well developed.A.lacked
B.lacking of
C.lacking
D.lacked in 54.What worried me most was ________to go abroad alone.A.my not allowing
B.having not allowed
C.my being not allowed
D.my not being allowed 55.My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or _______ the filled bottles in boxes.A.to put
B.putting
C.having put
D.being put
Answer: 1-5 BAAAB
6-10 ADCDC
11-15 DCBCB
16-20 ABDBD
21-25CDBAC
26-30 DAADD
31-35CBCDA
36-40 ADDAA
41-45ABBBA
2． 常接动名词作宾语的动词有consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, keep (on), mind, miss, practice, put off, resist, pardon, risk, suggest, feel, allow, permit, forbid, advise, admit, feel like, set about, stick to, be used to, look forward to, insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, hear of, prevent from, keep from, stop from, be engaged in, oppose to, depend on, thank for, punish for, praise for, excuse for, aim at, devote to, be devoted to, spend in, have a good time in, have trouble/difficulty in, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be successful in, be interested in, be ashamed of, be proud of, be responsible for等；
3． 常接不定式和动名词作宾语都可以的动词有1)没有大区别的like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, prefer, 2)有区别的remember, forget, regret, try, help, mean, stop, go on, want/require/need/deserve等；
4． 常接不定式特殊结构作宾语的动词有decide, find out, forget, remember, know, learn, see, wonder, discuss, show, teach, explain, tell等；
5． 常接不定式作宾补的动词有see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at; have, let, make; consider, declare, find, prove, think, judge, believe, discover, feel, suppose; ask, tell, beg, encourage, expect, forbid, get, invite, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn,等；
6． 不定式的逻辑主语的导入
1) John was careless to break the cup.
=It was careless of John to break the cup.
(brave, wise, clever, bright, cute, foolish, stupid, silly, cruel, good, nice, honest, kind, lazy, modest, polite, rude, selfish等)
2) For you to teach Mary is easy.
=It is easy for you to teach Mary.
(cheap, dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, expensive, extraordinary, funny, interesting, important, impossible, possible, proper, improper, pleasant, splendid, strange, useful 等)
7． 主动表示被动
1) Apples are good to eat.
The chair is comfortable to sit in.
This is a hard problem to solve.
This is a problem hard to solve.
(easy, hard, difficult, dangerous, impossible, important, comfortable, interesting, funny, pleasant, good, nice, bitter, sweet, sour, hot等)
2) His hair needs cutting.
(want, need, deserve, require)
3) The old radio is past repairing.
The beauty of the Great Wall is beyond painting.
4) The film is worth seeing again.
8． 接过去分词作宾补的动词有：
1） Everyone thought the battle lost.
(see, hear, watch, feel)
2) She couldn’t wait to make it known that she had bought a new car.
(make, get, have, keep)
3) I want the book returned before Friday.
(wish, like, want)
9． 接现在分词作宾补的动词有：
1) Can you smell something burning?
(see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to)
2) I won’t have you saying that.
在非谓语动词的三种形式中, 不定式分为带to的不定式及不带to的不定式。不定式和动名词有时态和语态的变化, 而分词则无此变化, 具体变化详见以下两表:
在一个句子中, 非谓语动词可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补、状语等。非谓语动词的三种形式既存在相似点, 也存在差异。为了对非谓语动词有着更好的运用, 文章将从六个方面对非谓语动词语法功能进行比较。
一、作主语
1. 非谓语动词的三种形式中, 只有不定式及动名词可以用作逻辑主语, 例如:
(1) It is dangerous to play with explosives.
(2) It is dangerous playing with explosives.
2. 不定式及不定式短语可以用作“be, seem, appear”的主语, 此时, 不定式应置于句首。
例如:“To hesitate would have been fatal.”但一般情况下, 我们可以用it作形式主语置于句首, 而将真正主语不定式置后:“It would have been fatal to hesitate.”在find, discover, believe, think, consider, expect等词后的宾语从句中, 不定式及动名词都可用作主语, 值得注意的是在find后的宾语从句中, 可将be省掉, 如:
(1) He found that it was difficult to park.→He found it difficult to park.
(2) He found parking was difficult.→He found parking difficult.
在其它动词后的宾语从句中勿将be省掉。
3. 通常情况下, 动名词表明的是普通动作, 不定式则表示特定的、具体的、短暂的或瞬间动作。
如:
(1) Swimming is beneficial to health. (抽象动作)
(2) To swim in such cold weather did require of him a great deal of courage. (特定动作)
4. 在一些句式中, 如“There is/was no...”“It is/was no use (useless, nice, good) ...”结构中, 主语只能是动名词。
如:
(1) There is no use crying over the split milk.
(2) It is no good objecting.
5. 在句子中, 如果表语是不定式, 主语则相应地用不定式;如果表语是动名词, 主语相应地用动名词, 例如:
(1) To see is to believe.
(2) Seeing is believing.
二、作表语
非谓语动词的三种形式在句子中都可以作表语。接下来就将动名词与不定式、分词与动名词进行一下比较。
1. 不定式与动名词。
大多数情况下作表语时, 动名词可以代替不定式, 但有一点区别。当某一动作比较抽象, 并且失去了动词的某些特性, 接近于名词, 此时须用动名词, 例如“My hobby is gardening.”而不是“My hobby is to garden.”。
2. 分词与动名词。
分词与动名词作表语, 用来阐述主语的性质特征, 此时, 我们可将其当成形容词。一个句子中到底是用分词作表语还是动名词, 这须取决于主语与表语的关系。如:
(1) I am tired. (主语I是动作的承受者, 意思是“Something has tired me.”)
(2) The job is tiring. (主语job是动作的执行者, 意思是“The job tires me.”)
三、作宾语
1. 大多数情况下动词后面的不定式和动名词作宾语, 意义上不会有任何的差异。例如:在动词love, like, hate, prefer, begin, intend等词后面就没有什么差异。
2. 但有时跟在同一动词后却有很大的不同即第二种情况。例如在动词remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, go on等后面, 不定式与动名词作宾语时意义就有很大的不同。如:
(1) I remember locking the door. (我记得把门锁上了。)
(2) I will remember to lock the door. (我会记得把门锁上的。)
3. 有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语, 例如在offer, promise, hope, manage, pretend, attempt, decide, agree, expect, determine等词后。
4. 有些动词和词组后只能跟动名词作宾语, 例如在advise, allow, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, imagine, delay, mind, enjoy, finish, practice, cannot help doing something, put off, give up等词后。
四、作定语
1. 不定式作定语, 通常皆置于其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
它与其所修饰的名词或代词可能是主谓关系, 也可能是动宾关系。如:
(1) The next train to arrive was from Beijing. (主谓关系)
(2) He has too many things to do. (动宾关系)
2. 过去分词用作定语, 多表已完成的动作, 如:
(1) Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier.
过去分词短语用作定语时, 一般皆置于其所修饰的名词之后, 其意义相当于一个定语从句, 但较从句简洁, 多用于笔语中。如:
(2) Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.
3. 现在分词与动名词的比较。
(1) 现在分词作定语时与动名词不同, 首先, 现在分词不重读, 动名词则须重读。如:
(1) 熟睡的孩子 (现在分词不重读)
(2) 卧车 (动名词须重读)
(2) 现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系, 动名词则表示其所修饰的名词的性质, 两者在逻辑上无主谓关系, 以上述两个短语为例, 现在分词sleeping表示所修饰的名词child的动作, 在逻辑上child是主语, sleeping是谓语;动名词sleeping则表示其所修饰的名词car的性质或用途, 两者在逻辑上没有主谓关系。
(3) 现在分词作定语时, 其前可有副词、形容词或名词, 这些词皆与现在分词有密切关系。如:
(1) a hard-working student (一个很用功的学生)
(2) a good-looking (一个漂亮的姑娘)
(3) a man-eating animal (一种吃人的动物)
动名词作定语时, 其前可有形容词, 但此形容词不是修饰动名词, 而是修饰“动名词+名词”结构。如:a big waiting room。
五、作宾补
1. 不定式、动名词及分词都可以用作宾补, 如:
(1) Can we call this serving the people? (动名词)
(2) I will get a man to repair the door. (不定式)
(3) I saw him leave the house. (不带to的不定式)
(4) I saw him leaving the house. (现在分词)
(5) I will get the door repaired. (过去分词)
2. want, ask等词用于主动语态时后接带to的不定式作宾补, 在被动语态中同样接带to的不定式作宾补。例如:
(1) The teacher asks the students to finish their homework in time. (主动语态)
(2) The students are asked to finish their homework in time (被动语态)
3. 动词make, have等用于主动语态时接不带to的不定式作宾补, 而转化为被动语态时则须接带to的不定式作宾补。
(1) The teacher makes him answer that difficult question. (主动语态)
(2) He is made to answer that difficult question. (被动语态)
4. 动词help后既可接带to的不定式作宾补, 也可接不带to的不定式作宾补。
(1) The Young Pioneers helped the old man find the lost bag.
(2) They helped the farmers to get in the wheat on Sunday.
六、作状语
在非谓语动词中, 动名词不可充当状语。分词状语一般表示时间、原因、条件或伴随, 而不定式状语则表目的或结果。例如:
1.时间:Walking along the street (=while I was walking along the street) , I met a friend.
2.原因: (Being) tired with the work (=because he was tired with the work) , he sat down to rest.
3.条件:Turning to the left (=If you turn to the left) , you will find the place you want.
4.伴随:They left for the fields, shouldering spades and hoes.
5.目的或结果: (1) He came to see the sights. (目的)
(2) The peasants worked hard (so as) to live. (结果)
总之, 非谓语动词是动词的重要组成部分, 非谓语动词有着谓语动词没有的一些功能。掌握好非谓语动词不仅可以提高我们的读写能力, 对听说能力的提高也是一个大的帮助。非谓语动词既是重点, 也是难点, 在今后的学习中, 应进一步地研究探讨。
参考文献
[1]薄冰.英语语法.开明出版社, 1999.
[2]赵德鑫.英语语法手册.商务印书馆, 1978.
[3]吕叔湘.英语语法指南.商务印书馆, 2000.
[4]王嘉龄.非谓语动词.商务印书馆.
[5]张振邦.新英语语法教程.上海外语教学出版社, 1998.
晚饭之后，如果工作后不累，我就会花些时间遛狗。
2. The news shocked the public, , about students’ safety at school. (lead)
这则消息震惊了公众，引起了大家对学生在校安全的极大担忧。
3. Helen had to shout above the music at yesterday’s party. (hear)
在昨天的晚会音乐声太大，海伦不得不大叫使人们听到她的话。
4. twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. (bite)
已经被咬过两次了，那位邮递员拒绝给我们送信，除非我们把狗拴起来。
5. The lawyer listened with full attention, miss any point. (try)
律师全神贯注得听着，试图不漏掉任何细节。
6. With , the general manager hurried back to his office early in the morning. (attend)
由于有一些紧急的事情要处理，总经理在清晨匆匆忙忙地回到了办公室。
7. the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. (encourage)
受科技进步鼓舞，许多农民在他们的农场建立了风力发电厂。
8. , the workers decided to stop working. (draw)
暴风雨要来了，工人们决定放下手边的活。
9. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, . (compare)
和旧房子相比，麦克的新房子就像一个大宫殿。
10. The aim of training courses , some chances to improve their spoken English. (provide)
这些培训课的宗旨是为学生提供一些机会提高其英语口语。
11. The man denied anything at the supermarket when he was questioned by the police. (steal)
当被警察询问时，这个人否定在超市偷了任何东西。
12. Ladies and gentlemen, please , until the plane has come to a complete stop. (remain)
女士们，先生们，请在飞机完全停稳之前坐着不动。
13. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and must be taken to a child safety seat. (weigh)
交通规则规定，凡年龄在四岁以下，体重低于40磅的小孩应当安排坐在儿童安全座位上。
14. Only ticket holder the stadium for the concert, so many fans were turned away. (permit)
只有持票人才能进入举办音乐会的体育馆，因此很多歌迷被拒绝入场。
15. many times, he finally understood it. (tell)
已经被告知很多次，他最终懂了。
16. Every year one million tourists visit Stonehenge, which is believed before the Pyramids, about 4000 years ago. (construct )
每年都有上百万的人参观巨石阵，它被认为修建于比金字塔更早的四千年前。
17. the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (complete)
由于没完成这个项目，他们不得不在那儿再待两周。
18. the flight, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.?(remind)
被提醒不要错过飞机，经理匆匆忙忙赶往机场。
19. in a rocket, one must travel at seven miles per second. (escape)
要乘坐一枚火箭飞离地球，火箭的速度要达到每秒7英里。
20. , many people are choosing to find a roommate to help share the rent. (consider)
鉴于目前的经济形势，很多人都想找一个室友来分摊房租。
21. The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. (blow)
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在暴风雨中刮倒的树已经从公路上挪走了。
22. The girl under the tall tree was seen all the afternoon. (sit)
有人看见大树下的那个女孩坐在那里读了一下午的书。
23. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars that road conditions . (improve)
这里有个涉及到私人轿车普及的问题，那就是道路状况需要改善。
24. that China produces one third of the world’s cigarettes. (astonish)
令人震惊的是全世界三分之一的香烟是由中国生产的。
25. There are a member of police officers in the street today, that nothing special will occur during the meeting. (make)
今天街上有很多警察，他们的主要职责就是确保在会议期间没有什么特别的事情发生。
26. I a heavy rain yesterday. (catch)
昨天我淋了一场大雨。
27. staying indoors for days, we are longing to go out and relax ourselves. (tire)
我们厌倦了多日待在家里，渴望出去放松一下。
28. He repairing cars. (experience)
他修车很有经验。
29. will depend on the evaluation by a group of experts. (continue)
是否继续这项工程有赖于一组专家的评估。
30. You’d better before you go home. (get)
你最好在回家之前把工作完成。
31. is our good luck and we all expect a good trip. (have)
有你当我们的导游真是好运，我们都希望旅途愉快。
32. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported since the flood hit the area last Friday. (miss)
由于上周五洪水袭击该地区，警察正在搜救一名据报道失踪了的妇女。
33. With ，he decided to go home. (finish)
他的作业完成了，他决定回家。
34. I am more than pleased ， at the company on my first attempt. (offer)
我很高兴，第一次尝试这家公司就得到这份工作了。
35. There are many tall buildings in our city now, . (measure)
如今我们的城市里也有了许多高楼大厦，一些超过了100米高。
36. ，the Opera House looks like ship sails. (see)
从远处看，悉尼歌剧院像船帆。
37. Many consumers have admitted , some product when shopping in the supermarket. (persuade)
很多消费者承认在超市购物时某些商品是被说服购买的。
38. I am only too glad . (pass)
通过考试我太高兴了。
39. He was sitting there, .（lose）
他坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。
40. Mr Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one . (blame)
格林先生站出来为那个16岁的男孩辩护，说他不是该负责的人。
41. They spent the whole day in lovely shops and beside the river. (wander)
他们一整天都在逛那些可爱的小店铺，在河边公园里漫步。
42. The lady returned home, . (follow)
被两个警察跟着，那位女士回到了家里。
43. The speed is high enough , the first train. (catch)
速度那么快，足够我们赶上第一趟火车了。
44. During my last trip my cell phone was left in a hotel accidentally, never . (find)
在我的上次旅行中，我的手机意外地掉在一家旅馆里，再也找不到了。
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