商务英语函电结尾常用句型（通用9篇）
1.Pleaseacceptourthanksforthetroubleyouhavetaken.有劳贵方，不胜感激。
2.Weareobligedtothankyouforyourkindattentioninthismatter.不胜感激贵方对此事的关照。
3.Wetenderyouoursincerethanksforyourgeneroustreatmentofusinthisaffair.对贵方在此事中的慷慨之举，深表感谢。
4.Allowustothankyouforthekindnessextendedtous.对贵方之盛情，不胜感谢。
5.Wethankyouforthespecialcareyouhavegiventothematter.贵方对此悉心关照，不胜感激。
6.Weshouldbegratefulforyourtrialorder.如承试订货，不胜感激。
7.Weshouldbegratefulforyourfurnishingusdetailsofyourrequirements.如承赐示具体要求，不胜感激。
8.Itwillbegreatlyappreciatedifyouwillkindlysendusyoursamples.如承惠寄样品，则不胜感激。
9.Weshallappreciateitverymuchifyouwillgiveourbidyourfavorableconsideration.如承优惠考虑报价，不胜感激。
10.Wearegreatlyobligedforyourbulkorderjustreceived.收到贵方大宗订货，不胜感激。
11.Weassureyouofourbestservicesatalltimes.我方保证向贵方随时提供最佳服务。
12.Ifthereisanythingwecandotohelpyou,weshallbemorethanpleasedtodoso.贵公司若有所需求，我公司定尽力效劳。
13.Itwouldgiveusagreatpleasuretorenderyouasimilarserviceshouldanopportunityoccur.我方如有机会同样效劳贵方，将不胜欣慰。
14.Wesparenoeffortsinendeavoringtobeofservicetoyou.我方将不遗余力为贵方效劳。
15.Weshallbeverygladtohandleforyouatverylowcommissioncharges.我方将很愉快与贵方合作，收费低廉。
16.Wehavealwaysbeenabletosupplythesefirmswiththeirmonthly
requirementswithoutinterruption.我方始终能供应这些公司每月所需的数量，从无间断。
17.Wetakethisopportunitytore-emphasizethatweshall,atalltimes,doeverythingpossibletogiveyou whateverinformationyoudesire.我们借此机会再此强调，定会尽力随时提供贵方所需的信息。
18.Wearealwaysinapositiontoquoteyouthemostadvantageouspricesforhigherqualitymerchandise.我们始终能向贵方提供品质最佳的产品，报价最为优惠。
19.Thisplacesourdealersinahighlycompetitivepositionandalsoenablethemtoenjoyamaximumprofit.这样可以使我方经营者具有很强的竞争力，还可获得最大的利润。
1 现有外贸函电教材的研究中存在的不足
外贸函电的教学目的除了要求学生掌握国际贸易的基本原理、基本知识和技能外, 更重要的是要掌握商务英语信函的写作原则和用英语处理进出口业务的能力。它们是影响学生实际工作能力的重要方面。目前, 函电教材对这些方面的研究存在两个方面的不足。
1.1 礼貌原则的不足
商务信函写作原则是商务信函要遵循的普遍准则, 尤其是其中的礼貌原则, 秦延梅认为“正确地掌握英美外贸函电的基本礼貌原则是外贸工作人员必须具备的专业技能之一”。但是在外贸函电的教材中, 这一点只在概述部分写作原则的介绍中有讲解, 却很少能在样信中体现出来, 而且样信一般都没有场景的解释, 学生很难单单从样信中体会到应该采取什么样的语气来表达信函写作的态度, 更不知道用什么样的句型来表达这种态度, 这不利于学生在实际工作中对礼貌原则的准确把握和清晰表达。
1.2 对学生英语水平差的解决办法的不足
现今高职学生英语水平差是不争的事实, 即使在商务英语专业内也存在着英语水平参差不齐的现象。怎样在较短的时间内让学生掌握英语函电的常用表达并在实际的工作中灵活应用, 是每个商务函电教师需要思考和研究的问题。现有函电教材中有的英语表达太过复杂, 水平较差的学生学起来很吃力;有的教材虽然在样信和练习中用到了一些常用句型, 但却没有专门进行比较和总结, 知识点很散, 学生也很难掌握。
这两个方面的不足将会影响到学生学习的结果, 进而影响到将来实际工作的效果, 需要在教学中给予足够的重视。因此, 需要首先在教材中解决这些问题。
2 构建常用句型模块
在函电中人们大多是通过敬语和一些常用句子表示感激和尊重的。如果把这些常用礼貌句型集中罗列出来, 在教材中建立一个专门的模块, 就能方便学生进行选择和反复使用, 从而使学生能较快地掌握这些常用句型。
2.1 选作常用句型的依据
首先, 应该本着“实用为主, 够用为度”的原则, 选择实际外贸活动中最常用的、最简洁易学的表达作为常用句型, 避免晦涩的长难句。教材选材是否简洁实用, 直接关系到学生学习的质量, 从而也影响学生未来就业的质量。
其次, 要遵循礼貌原则, 选择礼貌程度不同的表达作为常用句型。礼貌的表达是要依据不同的场景和情况的, 有由衷的感激之情, 也会有出于客套的礼仪。区别礼貌程度不同的表达才能让学生准确表达不同情形下的情感, 有助于学生在实际工作中的操作。
2.2 常用句型模块的构建
常用句型可按礼貌程度和信息类型进行分类。在英语表达上越是长、难的句子意思上就越委婉、越客气。在构建模块时, 可按由短到长, 由易到难, 由随便到委婉的顺序排列。
赵璐把信息分为四大类:肯定信息, 中性信息, 负面信息和说服信息。前三种其实是同属于告知的三种类别。说服信息往往是用委婉的词语提出来的建议和请求。外贸函电作为商务洽谈中维持双方友好协作关系和谈判的工具, 需要用礼貌的语言表达出对现实情况的确认和对买卖双方下一步运作的建议。因此, 我们可以把信息划分为告知类和恳请类。
(1) 告知类:所告知的信息可能是好消息, 也有可能是进展不顺的信息。告知好消息时, 我们可以用表示感谢的句型:Thank you for your L/C…/We are pleased to tell you that…/We take pleasure in…/We acknowledge with thanksreceipt of your letter of June 11, enquiring about…
告知不好的消息时, 可以说:We are sorry to tell you that…/We are afraid…/We are regretted to find that…We presume that there must be some reason for your…等表示遗憾的句型。
(2) 恳请类:恳请类可以用一些疑问句、条件句、虚拟句来表达:
Could you…?
Would you please…?
We would like to…
We wish you would…
We should be thankful if you would…
We should be grateful if you would…
We shall be appreciate it if you can…
We are wondering if you can…
……
常用句型模块可以放在函电概述之后, 与礼貌原则、简洁原则等写作原则相对应, 为后面各个交易环节的函电写作做准备。
2.3 常用句型模块的应用
函电的结构一般包括起承转合四个部分。起:确认交易已进行到哪一步。通常用告知句型来说明已收到对方某月某日的来信、银行信用证或货运公司的装船通知等。承:对贸易现状表示感激或遗憾。转:对对方下一步的工作提出请求, 或对己方下一步的工作提出想法。合:期待对方的回复或行动。
在起承转合四个部分中, 几乎每个部分都要用到告知或恳请类的句型, 学生可以根据函电结构把这两类常用句型与贸易各环节相关的常用表达结合起来。提出己方意见时注意对方的需求, 拒绝对方要求和条件时注意语气委婉。提醒学生注意什么场合运用什么语气、使用什么人称。使他们知道如何站在适合的角度, 运用简洁、恰当的表达, 技巧性地进行业务洽谈。并且, 通过这样的反复应用, 学生能较快地掌握这些常用句型, 做到结构清晰、礼貌得体, 真正掌握好函电这门工具。
摘要：现有高职外贸函电教材中对礼貌原则的具体体现方面存在的不足, 妨碍了对外贸易函电课程的学习。因此, 应该从礼貌程度和信息类型两个维度来构建常用句型模块, 以利于学生真正掌握好函电写作。从常用句型选择的依据、模块构建和模块的应用等方面进行了论述。
关键词：高职外贸函电,教材,礼貌原则,常用句型模块
参考文献
[1]秦延梅.英美外贸函电中的礼貌原则[J].中国市场, 2006, (4) .
[2]赵璐.外贸函电中合作原则与礼貌原则的运用研究[J].长沙大学学报, 2012, (7) .
文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山,用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题,使读者了解文章要谈论什么,一下子引起读者的兴趣。
一、英语作文常见的开头形式
(一)开门见山,提示主题
文章一开头,就交代清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation?”(我怎样度假)的开头是:
I spent my last vacation happily.
下面是题为“Honesty”(诚实)一文中的开头:
Honesty is one of the best virtues. An honest man is always trusted and respected.
On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”, and is looked down upon by honest people.
(二)交代人物、事情、时间或环境的开头
在文章的开头,先把人物、事件和环境交代清楚。例如“A Trip to Jinshan”(去金山旅游)的开头:
The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. It took three hours to ride here. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.
(三)回忆性的开头
用回忆的方法来开头。例如:“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”)(泰山游)的开头是:
I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.
(四) 概括性的开头
即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头:
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.
(五)介绍环境式的开头
即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:
It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.
(六)交代写作目的的开头
在文章的一开头就交代写作目的,如通过文章要表扬谁,批评谁,或说明一个什么问题等。如“Pollution Control”(控制污染)的开头:
In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.
二、英语作文常见的结尾形式
文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容,进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想,使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的,常见的有以下几种:
(一)首尾呼应
在文章的结尾,把含义较深的话放在末尾,以点明主题,深化主题,起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her”(我忘不了她)的结尾:
After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.
(二)自然结尾
随着文章的结束,文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾:
I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.
(三)用反问结尾
虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,并具有特别的强调作用,引起读者深思。如“Should We Learn to Do Housework?”(我们要不要学做家务?)的结尾:
Everyone should learn to do housework. Don’t you agree, boys and girls?
(四)含蓄的结尾
用比喻或含蓄的手法,不直接点明作者的看法,而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvest”(收割的日子)的结尾:
Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.
(五)重复主题句
结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上,达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Hometown”(我爱我的家乡)的结尾:
I love my hometown, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.
(六)指明方向,激励读者
结尾表示对未来的展望,或期待读者投入行动。如“Let’s Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾:
As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work better. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let’s go in for sports.
三、常见的信件开头结尾表达方式
(一)信件开头常用语
Your letter came to me this morning.
I have received your letter of July the 20th.
I’m writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday. (我把下个星期一要作的报告内容写给你。)
I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.
How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last time.
Thank you for your letter.
In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year)…
Let me tell you that…
(二)信件结尾常用语
Please remember me to your whole family.
Give my best regards(wishes) to your mother.
Best wishes.
With love.
Wish you a pleasant journey.
Wish you success.
Wish you the best of health(luck).
Looking forward to your next visit to China.
Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you. (十分期望见到你。)
Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.
(三)表示感谢的信的开头语
Thank you for your interesting/kind/informative letter which arrived yesterday/this morning/the day before yesterday/last week.
Thank you for your birthday card.
Many thanks for your sending me the book on Shakespeare. It was very kind of you.
It was nice of you to send me the beautiful album of stamps which arrived this morning.(我今早收到了你寄给我的那本精美的集邮册,你真是太好了。)
I really don’t know how to thank you enough.
(四)表示道歉的信的开头语
I was sorry I couldn’t write earlier. I went on business for Beijing when your letter arrived. (很抱歉,没有早点写回信。你的来信寄到时,我到北京出差了。)
Sorry for delaying this letter so long. I’ve been terribly busy with the new term starting. 这么久才写信真不好意思,新学期一开始我就一直很忙。
I must apologize for not writing back.
(五)表示高兴的开头语
I was so/very delighted/happy/pleased to receive your wonderful letter.
I was very delighted to have the wonderful gift you sent to me. It was very kind of you.
(六)表示遗憾的开头语
I was sorry to learn that you were ill. I hope you are getting better soon.
I was so sorry that we didn’t meet when you were in Beijing last week. I happened to be away on business and didn’t come back until today.
(七)常见的书信结尾表达方式
I’m looking forward to seeing you.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
We are longing to hear from you.
(1)用于描写漫画、图表的常用句型
①As the graph depicts , …
②From the cartoon /picture , we can see that …
③According to the statistics shown in the first /second graph ,
④The table shows / indicates / reveals that …
⑤It can be seen /concluded from the picture / table / figures that …
(2)用于句首提出论题或现象的句型
①Recently , …has become the focus of the society .
②…has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life .
③Nowadays there is a growing concern for …
④Nowadays it is common to hear /see …
⑤…has become a common occurrence in our daily life .
⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of …
⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that …
⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes …
⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency …
⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face .
(3)用于比较、阐述不同观点的常用句型
①Some people like / prefer …, while others are / feel inclined to …
②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold …
③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others , however , disagree with it .
④Some people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim …
⑤Some people suggest … Others , however , hold the opposite opinion .
⑥On the one hand , people tend to … On the other hand , they feel …
⑦Some people argue that … Others , in contrast , believe that …
⑧Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that …
⑨On the contrary , there are people in favor of …
⑩There are some people who hold different opinions about …
(4)用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型
①My own experience tells me that …
②In my opinion , we should attack more importance to …
③As for my own idea about … I believe …
④As far as I am concerned , I plan to …
⑤Personally , I prefer …
⑥In my view , both sides are partly right in that …
⑦But for me , I would rather …
⑧My own point of view is that …
⑨In conclusion , I support the statement that …
⑩As regards me , I tend to choose …
(5)用于书信写作的常用句型
①Thank you for your letter of …
②It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of … to accept …
③Thanks so much for your letter , which arrived …
④I am writing to you with reference to …
⑤I am writing to you in connection with …
⑥I would be grateful if you could / would …
⑦I would like to know some information on …
⑧It will be appreciated if you can / could …
⑨I would also like to know if you can / could …
⑩I look forward to hearing from you .
(6)用于结尾的常用句型
①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that …
②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that …
③It is high time that something was done about …
④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that …
⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that …
⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that …
⑦It is clear , therefore , that …
⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to …
⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to …
⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that …
⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is …
⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one …
⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to …
⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that …
⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …
1.12月英语四级作文万能开头句型
2.大学英语四级作文开头结尾万能句型
3.月英语四级作文万能开头结尾句
4.英语四级万能句型
5.英语作文句型：盘点英语作文开头句型
6.英语四级作文万能句型模板：开篇引入句型
7.英语四级作文万能句型
8.2015年12月英语四级作文万能句型
9.英语四级作文的万能句型
2. The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows …
4. Recent studies indicate that …
5. There is sufficient evidence to show that …
一.提纲式作文
1.正反式/利弊型作文2.观点对比型3.问题与建议4.段首式作文
二.命题作文 只给题目三．图表式作文四．图画类五．应用型作文
1.利弊题型作文
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)
1。说明事物现状;2。事物本身的优缺点(或一方面);3。你对现状(或前景)的看法。
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally，its advantages can be seen as follows.First _________(A的优点之一)。Besides ___________(A的优点之二)。
But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that _______________(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse，_______________(A的第二个缺点).Through the above analysis，I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore，I would like to _______________(我的看法).From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A，we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way，(对前景的预测).)
2..观点对比型作文
第一种范文
The topic about … is becoming more and more popular in our school recently.There are two sides of opinion about it.Some students prefer to consider doing sth.(Some students say … is their favorite.)they think that…(理由
一).What„s more，…(理由二)。Moreover，…(理由三)
However，others believe … is a better choice for three reasons.(然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由)to begin with，…(理由一)。Next。In addition，…
From my point of view，the former is surely a wise choice.The reason is that…(或者用：As far as I am concerned，I firmly support the view that…(依我来看，我坚决支持这种观点… that引导同位语从句)第二种范文
There is a widespread concern over the issue that(作文题目)。But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that 观点一 In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place，原因一.Furthermore，in the second place，原因二So it goes without saying that 观点一。
People，however，differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that 观点二。In their point of view，on the one hand，原因一。On the other hand，原因二。Therefore，there is no doubt that 观点二。
As far as I am concerned，I firmly support the view that 观点一或二。It is not only because，but also because。The more，the more。
第三种范文
In recent years，…… has been popular.There are many advantages in…… First，…… Second，…… Third，……
However，there‟re some disadvantages.……(之一)。Besides，……(之二)。Also，……(之三)In my opinion，it is true that advantages are more than disadvantages.(依我看，的确是好处多于坏处)I think…… One big advantage of … is that…。/ One obvious advantage of … is …。/ Finally，…
While it is true that …。has many advantages，it is also important to realize that…。(虽然某事确实有许多好处，但是意识到…也很重要。
3..问题与建议型作文
第一种普遍思路如下：
提出问题：
In recent days，we have to face a problem that……近来，我们面临这样一个问题，就是(that同从)。解决办法：
With the help of modern technology，we now have many means to solve it.By doing ……，we can……What‟s the most important is that……
结论：
In a word，it is clear / obvious that…… Only when……can we ……。
第二种：要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法
1.有一些人认为… 2.另一些人认为… 3.我的看法…
The topic of ①____________(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②____________(支持A的理由一)What is more，③(理由二)。Moreover，④_____________(理由三)。
While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly，_________(支持B的理由
一)。Secondly(besides)，⑥______________(理由二)。Thirdly(finally)，⑦_____________(理由三)。From my point of view，I think ⑧__________(我的观点).The reason is that ⑨__________(原因)。As a matter of fact，there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me，the former is surely a wise choice。第三种：给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
some people believe that ①____________(观点一)。For example，they think ②___________(举例说明).And it will bring them ③_______________(为他们带来的好处)。
In my opinion，I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing，④__________(我不同意该看法的理由一)。For another thing，⑤____________(反对的理由之二).Form all what I have said/In a word/In conclusion，I agree to the thought that ⑥__________(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).4.段首式作文5.图表类模板
1.As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart)，_作文题目的议题_has been on rise(goes up/increases/drops/decreases)，significantly/dramatically/ steadily rising/decreasing from_% in _年_ to _%_ in _年_.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart，it goes without saying that __现象总结___.There are at least two good reasons accounting for __.On the one hand，____.On the other hand，___ is due to the fact that __.In addition，__ is responsible for ___.(Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasonsare commonly convincing.)
As far as I am concerned，I hold the point of view that _______.再加上对策、口号。
2.The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题。The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点。This means that as(进一步说明)。
We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一。After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化，the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化)。The figures also tell us that图表细节二。In the column，we can see that accounts for(进一步描述)。
Judging from these figures，we can draw the conclusion that(结论)。The reason for this，as far as I am concerned is that(给出原因)。/ It is high time that we(发出倡议)。
6.图画类写作模板
1.开头
Look at this picture./The picture shows that.。/From this picture，we can see.。/As is shown in the picture.。/As is seen in the picture.。
2.衔接句
As we all know。./As is known to all。./It is well known that.。/In my opinion。./As far as I am concerned。./This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.3.结尾句
In conclusion.。/In brief.。/On the whole.。/In short.。/In a word.。/Generally speaking.。/As has been stated.。.7.应用文
书信体：家、申请信、求职信、道歉信、感谢信、投诉信、演讲。
英语作文常用句型
一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。
（一）表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。
at first 最初 for one thing…（for another）
at present 现在；当今 首先…（其次）…
currently 目前；最后 recently 最近
first（ly）第一 in general 一般说来
in the beginning 起初 one the one hand…（on the other hand）
to begin with 首先；第一 一方面…（另一方面）
first of all 首先；第一 generally speaking 一般地说
in the first place 首先；第一 on the whole 总起来说
lately 最近to start with 首先；第一
presently 现在；此刻 now 现在（二）有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。
after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时
after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地；当然地
after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此；结果
also/too 并且；又 for example 例如
at the same time 同时 for instance 例如
beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的Besides/what,s more 而且；此外 from now on 从此
in addition 此外 second 第二；第二点
in addition to… 除…之外 secondly 第二
in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地
in other words 换句话说 so 所以
in particular 特别（地）soon 不久
in the same way 同样地 still 仍然
by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后
indeed 的确 third 第三；第三点
meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三
moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次
no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如
obviously 明显地 later 后来
of course当然 truly 事实上；真实地
particularly特别地 unlike …不像……；和……不同
what is more 而且；此外
（三）有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。
after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地
all the same 依然；照样 however 然而；无论如何
anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管……；虽然……
at the same time同时；然而 luckily 幸运地
but 但是 by this time 此时
though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地
in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地
even though即使 otherwise 否则
still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地
in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……；和……不同
as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍；然而；但是
especially 特别地
（四）有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是
as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之
as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说
as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说；整个看来 at last 最后 therefore 因此
by and large 一般说来 thus 因此
briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说
by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之
eventually 最后 surely 无疑
finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之
in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问
in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑
in short 简而言之 truly 的确
in a word 总之 so 所以
certainly 当然地；无疑地 obviously 显然
1. There be 结构
there be 结构和have has结构翻译成汉语都是“有”的意思，但含义不同。have (has)表示“某人拥有某物”，there be而结构表示“某人或某物存在于某地或某时”。
There are some apple trees in the garden.
We have some apple trees in the garden.
there be 结构中的动词 动词与后面的主语在数的方面保持一致。如果句中的主语是并列主语，即有两个或两个以上的人或物作主语，那么一般说来动词的数应与第一个主语的数保持一致。如：
There is a green apple and two oranges in the fruit bowl.
There are two oranges and a green apple in the fruit bowl.
2. I think he is very old.
(1)否定句
一些表示个看法的动词，如等引导宾语从句时，如果从句为否定句，那么否定形式应该表现在主句中，即否定这些动词本身。如：
I don’t think he is very old.
I didn’t think Wang Hai would enter for the high jump.
(2)反意疑问句
这些动词带有宾语从句构成反意疑问句时，根据主句主语的不同可分为两种情况：当主语是第一人称时，则缩略问句应与宾语从句的主、谓保持一致，但如果主句表现为否定为形式时，缩略问句要用肯定形式;当主句的主语是第二或第三人称时，缩略问句应该与主句保持一致。如：
I don’t think he has finished the work, has he?
You think my brother told a lie yesterday, don’t you?
3. That’s right. That’s all right. All right.
“That’s right.”表示“对、正确”。一般在对话中用于肯定对方的回答或表示赞同对方的说法。 “That’s all right.” 是回答感谢话或道歉话的用语，意思是“没关系，不用谢”，相当于“You are welcome”、“That’s OK”或 “Not at all”“All right”一般用于同意别人的请求，是“好的、可以”的意思。如：
A: I think the correct answer is two. B: That’s right.
A: I am sorry I left your notebook at home. B: That’s all right.
4. He’s up there in the tree with Bill.
这句话的主语是“he”，“with Bill”不是主语，而是表示一种伴随状态，所以请注意谓语要和主语在数和人称称保持一致。一般在句子中我们经常用“with+名词”这种结构表示“有、带着或伴随着”的意思。如：
He went to the concert with me.=He and I went to the concert.
She answered me with a smile.
He went to sleep with the bedroom light on.
5. It’s time…
这一句型用来表示“是。。。的时间了，该。。。了”。一般有以下几种形式：
(1) It’s time to +动词原形
(2) It’s time for sb. +动词原形
(3) It’s time for +名词
如：It’s time to go to school.=It’s time for school.
It’s time for us to go to school.
6. What’s wrong with you?
这句话的意思是“你怎么了?”，既可表示问身体有什么不舒服，也可以表示问出了什么事，介词后还可以跟物品名称，表示问某样东西怎么了(是否出了什么毛病)。与其类似的句型还有：“What’s the matter with…? / What’s the trouble with…?”这三个句型在使用时要注意wrong是形容词，所以在它有前面不加冠词，而matter和trouble都是名词，在它们前面要加定冠词。如
What’s wrong with Bill?
What’s the matter (the trouble) with Bill?
7. They looked like saucers.
在本句中like是个介词，解释是“像。。。”，常和动词 be或 look连用。请注意不要错把它当成动词“喜欢”。
8. You had better come early next time.
此句中的had better是一种习惯用法, 意思是 “最好…”成, 一般用来表示向别人提建议或劝告.这一句经常可以与祈使句或带有情态动词should 的句子进行替换.在使用had better 时请注意以下几点: (1) 它没有人称、时态和数量的变化。(2)它的后面只能跟动词原型。(3)它的否定式为had better not，后面同样只能跟动词原型在疑问句中，通常是把had提到主语之前。如
We had better not go fishing on such a windy day.
9. be + adj. + (for somebody) to do (something)
在此句型中谓语动词一般不用被动语态。同时请注意动词不定式都有动宾关系， 因此如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，那么它的后面一定加上适当的介词。
The problem is not very difficult for me to work out.
10. I hope… / I wish…
Hope 与wish 都可以解释为“希望”，但它们所表达的意思和用法都有所不同。 在意思上Hope所表达的愿望是比较实际的，是可能实现的，而 wish所表达的是不太可能实现的梦想, 所以wish引导的宾语从句大多用虚拟的语气。在用法上它们的唏不完全相同，区别在于wish可以用于wish sb. to do, 而hope没有这种用法。：,
They hope to win the game in the afternoon.
We all wish him to bring us the good news.
11. My dad will come back in two days.
“in + 一段时间”常用来表示将来的一段时间以后，对它提问用 “how soon” 。如果表示将来的某个时间点以后，一般用“after +某个点时间”，对它提问要用 “when / what time”。如：
How soon will you finish your homework?
I will finish my homework in an hour.
When / What time will you come back?
I will come back after dinner.
12. I’m afraid…
I’m afraid…常用于表达与别人意见不同后拒绝别人的请求，有时也可以用在表示不肯定或推测的话前面，是口语中十分常用的短语。它的后面可以接从句，也可以加或。如
A: Must I hand in the report today?
B: I’m afraid you must
“be afraid of +名词或动名词”的用法也很常用。表示“害怕”。如：
She is afraid of going out at night.
13. Sorry, I forgot to tell you that.
在英语中有一些动词，它们的后面可以跟动词不定式，也可跟动名词，而且两种情况所表达的意思不同，如：
(1)与的用法基本相同。它们后面跟不定式时表示不定式所表示的动作还没发生;如果后面跟动名词，那么表示动作已经发生过了。如：
He forgot to return the money to me. 他忘记还钱给我。(表示钱还没有还。)
He forgot returning the money to me.他忘记已经把钱还给我了。(表示钱已经还了，但他忘记了这件事。)
(2) stop后面跟不定式表示停下来去做别一件事，如果加动名词就表示停止这个动作。如：
Please stop talking and listen tome. 请不要讲话，听我说。
Please stop to have a rest 请停下来休息一下。
14. This one is much better than that one.
英语中的形容词或副词在使用时都不得有比较结构。一般来说它们有三个级别：原级、比较级和最高级。
(1)原级比较
初中阶段常用的原级比较句型为：as…as…, not as (so)…as…。使用时注意它们的.含义，as…as… 表示“和。。。一样”，而它的否定结构表示“不如。。。”。如
Is the Huanghe River as long as the Nile?
He does not work so hard as his brother.
(2)最常用的比较级用法是“比较级别+ than ”。另外两个相同的比较级用连接起来可以表示“越。。。越。。。”。如果要表示“两个中较为。。。的一个” ，在比较级之前要加一个the，一般可以修饰比较级的有：much, far, a little, a bit, even, still.
It is even colder than it was last month.
More and more people are helping fight pollution.
His handwriting is better than any other student in his class.
(3)使用最高级的结构一般为“归高级+比较范围”。这个比较范围内应饱含主语。如果比较范围与主语是同类的话，可以用等介词引出，如果他们不是同类的话，一般用引出。一般来说，形容词的最高级前一定要加定冠词，而副词的最高级前可以加也可以不加。如果要表示“第几。。。”，可以在最高级前面加序数词。如：
Among all the sports I like soccer best.
I am the eldest girl in my family.
15. (not)…until (till)
在这一句型结构中until (till) 引导的是时间状语(从句)，因此从句中不能用将来时，只能用一般现在时代替。如果主句的谓语动词或until (till)前面的动词是一个瞬间动词，那么该动词必须用否定形式。一般地来说until和till的意思与用法都基本相同，唯一的区别在于可以置于句首，而不能。如：
He watched TV until (till) his parents came back.
We couldn’t go back home until the rain stopped.
16. be pleased…
这个短语后面既可以另动词不定式，也可以加适当的介词。 加不定式be pleased to do表示“做......很高兴”， 而加介词 be pleased with / at / by......表示“对......感到很高兴，很满意。”如：
We are pleased to plant trees by the river every spring.
My parents are pleased with my hard work.
17. You should go out instead of staying at home.
Instead of 可解释为“代替，而不是”，介词 of后面可以跟名词或动名词。有时没有必要说出被代替的人或物，也可以只用instead
He stayed at home to read the book instead of going out to play basketball.
If you don’t want to go, I can go there instead.
18. I don’t like it any more.
No more, not any more, no longer, not any longer这几个短语都表示“不再......，再也不......”。在使用时请注意它们在句子中的位置。如：
在职场中能够适时使用这句话会更加职业且地道。
2.He always keeps his words. 他总是信守诺言。
评价别人时常说这样的话，于己于人都没有坏处。
3.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。
4.I appreciate your helping me. 感谢你的帮助。
5.What do you do for relaxation? 你做什么消遣?
6.It’s a mistake to trust him. 信任他是一个错误。
7.It makes no difference. 没关系/无所谓/都一样/随便。
8.You can count on us. 你可以信赖我们。
9.Don’t take it seriously. 不要当真。
1.结构和结构
there be 结构和have has结构翻译成汉语都是“有”的意思，但含义不同。have（has）表示“某人拥有某物”，there be而结构表示“某人或某物存在于某地或某时”。
There are some apple trees in the garden.We have some apple trees in the garden.there be 结构中的动词 动词与后面的主语在数的方面保持一致。如果句中的主语是并列主语，即有两个或两个以上的人或物作主语，那么一般说来动词的数应与第一个主语的数保持一致。如： There is a green apple and two oranges in the fruit bowl.There are two oranges and a green apple in the fruit bowl.2.I think he is very old.（1）否定句
一些表示个看法的动词，如等引导宾语从句时，如果从句为否定句，那么否定形式应该表现在主句中，即否定这些动词本身。如：
I don’t think he is very old.I didn’t think Wang Hai would enter for the high jump.（2）反意疑问句
这些动词带有宾语从句构成反意疑问句时，根据主句主语的不同可分为两种情况：当主语是第一人称时，则缩略问句应与宾语从句的主、谓保持一致，但如果主句表现为否定为形式时，缩略问句要用肯定形式；当主句的主语是第二或第三人称时，缩略问句应该与主句保持一致。如： I don’t think he has finished the work, has he?
You think my brother told a lie yesterday, don’t you?
3.That’s right.That’s all right.All right.“That’s right.”表示“对、正确”。一般在对话中用于肯定对方的回答或表示赞同对方的说法。“That’s all right.” 是回答感谢话或道歉话的用语，意思是“没关系，不用谢”，相当于“You are welcome”、“That’s OK”或 “Not at all”“All right”一般用于同意别人的请求，是“好的、可以”的意思。如：
A: I think the correct answer is two.B: That’s right.A: I am sorry I left your notebook at home.B: That’s all right.4.He’s up there in the tree with Bill.这句话的主语是“he”，“with Bill”不是主语，而是表示一种伴随状态，所以请注意谓语要和主语在数和人称称保持一致。一般在句子中我们经常用“with+名词”这种结构表示“有、带着或伴随
着”的意思。如：
He went to the concert with me.=He and I went to the concert.She answered me with a smile.He went to sleep with the bedroom light on.5.It’s time„
这一句型用来表示“是。。的时间了，该。。了”。一般有以下几种形式：
(1)It’s time to +动词原形
(2)It’s time for sb.+动词原形
(3)It’s time for +名词
如：It’s time to go to school.=It’s time for school.It’s time for us to go to school.6.What’s wrong with you?
这句话的意思是“你怎么了？”，既可表示问身体有什么不舒服，也可以表示问出了什么事，介词后还可以跟物品名称，表示问某样东西怎么了（是否出了什么毛病）。与其类似的句型还有：“What’s the matter with„? / What’s the trouble with„?”这三个句型在使用时要注意wrong是形容词，所以在它有前面不加冠词，而matter和trouble都是名词，在它们前面要加定冠词。如
What’s wrong with Bill?
What’s the matter(the trouble)with Bill?
7.They looked like saucers.在本句中like是个介词，解释是“像。。”，常和动词 be或 look连用。请注意不要错把它当成动词“喜欢”。
13.You had better come early next time.此句中的had better是一种习惯用法, 意思是 “最好…”成, 一般用来表示向别人提建议或劝告.这一句经常可以与祈使句或带有情态动词should 的句子进行替换.在使用had better 时请注意以下几点:(1)它没有人称、时态和数量的变化。（2）它的后面只能跟动词原型。（3）它的否定式为had better not，后面同样只能跟动词原型在疑问句中，通常是把had提到主语之前。如 We had better not go fishing on such a windy day.14.be + adj.+(for somebody)to do(something)
在此句型中谓语动词一般不用被动语态。同时请注意动词不定式都有动宾关系，因此如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，那么它的后面一定加上适当的介词。
The problem is not very difficult for me to work out.15.I hope… / I wish…
Hope 与wish 都可以解释为“希望”，但它们所表达的意思和用法都有所不同。在意思上Hope所表达的愿望是比较实际的，是可能实现的，而 wish所表达的是不太可能实现的梦想, 所以wish引导的宾语从句大多用虚拟的语气。在用法上它们的唏不完全相同，区别在于wish可以用于wish sb.to do, 而hope没有这种用法。：,They hope to win the game in the afternoon.We all wish him to bring us the good news.16.My dad will come back in two days.“in + 一段时间”常用来表示将来的一段时间以后，对它提问用 “how soon”。如果表示将来的某个时间点以后，一般用“after +某个点时间”，对它提问要用 “when / what time”。如：
How soon will you finish your homework?
I will finish my homework in an hour.When / What time will you come back?
I will come back after dinner.17.I’m afraid…
I’m afraid…常用于表达与别人意见不同后拒绝别人的请求，有时也可以用在表示不肯定或推测的话前面，是口语中十分常用的短语。它的后面可以接从句，也可以加或。如
A: Must I hand in the report today?
B: I’m afraid you must
“be afraid of +名词或动名词”的用法也很常用。表示“害怕”。如：
She is afraid of going out at night.18.Sorry, I forgot to tell you that.在英语中有一些动词，它们的后面可以跟动词不定式，也可跟动名词，而且两种情况所表达的意思不同，如：
（1）与的用法基本相同。它们后面跟不定式时表示不定式所表示的动作还没发生；如果后面跟动名词，那么表示动作已经发生过了。如：
He forgot to return the money to me.他忘记还钱给我。（表示钱还没有还。）
He forgot returning the money to me.他忘记已经把钱还给我了。（表示钱已经还了，但他忘记了这件事。）
(2)stop后面跟不定式表示停下来去做别一件事，如果加动名词就表示停止这个动作。如： Please stop talking and listen tome.请不要讲话，听我说。
Please stop to have a rest 请停下来休息一下。
19.This one is much better than that one.英语中的形容词或副词在使用时都不得有比较结构。一般来说它们有三个级别：原级、比较级和
最高级。
（1）原级比较
初中阶段常用的原级比较句型为：as…as…, not as(so)…as…。使用时注意它们的含义，as…as… 表示“和。。一样”，而它的否定结构表示“不如。。”。如
Is the Huanghe River as long as the Nile?
He does not work so hard as his brother.（2）最常用的比较级用法是“比较级别+ than ”。另外两个相同的比较级用连接起来可以表示“越。。越。。”。如果要表示“两个中较为。。的一个”，在比较级之前要加一个the，一般可以修饰比较级的有：much, far, a little, a bit, even, still.It is even colder than it was last month.More and more people are helping fight pollution.His handwriting is better than any other student in his class.（3）使用最高级的结构一般为“归高级+比较范围”。这个比较范围内应饱含主语。如果比较范围与主语是同类的话，可以用等介词引出，如果他们不是同类的话，一般用引出。一般来说，形容词的最高级前一定要加定冠词，而副词的最高级前可以加也可以不加。如果要表示“第几。。”，可以在最高级前面加序数词。如：
Among all the sports I like soccer best.I am the eldest girl in my family.20.(not)…until(till)
在这一句型结构中until(till)引导的是时间状语（从句），因此从句中不能用将来时，只能用一般现在时代替。如果主句的谓语动词或until(till)前面的动词是一个瞬间动词，那么该动词必须用否定形式。一般地来说until和till的意思与用法都基本相同，唯一的区别在于可以置于句首，而不能。如：
He watched TV until(till)his parents came back.We couldn’t go back home until the rain stopped.21.be pleased…
这个短语后面既可以另动词不定式，也可以加适当的介词。加不定式be pleased to do表示“做。。很高兴”，而加介词 be pleased with / at / by。。表示“对。。感到很高兴，很满意。”如： We are pleased to plant trees by the river every spring.My parents are pleased with my hard work.22.You should go out instead of staying at home.Instead of 可解释为“代替，而不是”，介词 of后面可以跟名词或动名词。有时没有必要说出被代替的人或物，也可以只用instead
He stayed at home to read the book instead of going out to play basketball.If you don’t want to go, I can go there instead.23.I don’t like it any more.No more, not any more, no longer, not any longer这几个短语都表示“不再。。，再也不。。”。在使用时请注意它们在句子中的位置。如：
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