英国文学史及选读答案（精选5篇）
1.Beowulf: national epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration, metaphors and understatements（此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2.Romance（名词解释）
3.“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4.Ballad（名词解释）
5.Character of Robin Hood 6.Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry;The Canterbury Tales(main contents;124 stories planned, only 24 finished;written in Middle English;significance;form: heroic couplet)7.Heroic couplet(名词解释)8.Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10.Sonnet（名词解释）11.Blank verse（名词解释）12.Edmund Spenser
“The Faerie Queene”
13.Francis Bacon “essays” esp.“Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）
14.William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）
15.John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。16.John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress
17.Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne;features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images.18.Enlightenment（名词解释）19.Neoclassicism（名词解释）
20.Richard Steele——“The Tatler”
21.Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。
22.Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions
23.Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”;his workmanship(features)and limitations
24.Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象;（我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。
25.The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.26.Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。
27.Samuel Richardson——“Pamela”(first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”
28.Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel.29.Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传
30.Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal”
31.Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village”(poem)(both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield”(novel), “The Good-Natured Man”(comedy), “She stoops to Conquer”(comedy), “The Citizen of the World”(collection of essays)32.Sentimentalism（名词解释）
33.Thomas Gray——“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人)* Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom.The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”.The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets.34.In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism;representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.35.Thomas Percy——“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。
36.William Blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是Songs of Innocence 和 Songs of Experience, 这两本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的写作特点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛围等。37.Robert Burns伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗，写作特点: Scottish dialect;a poet of peasant and Scottish people;plain language;influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads;musical quality of his poems.《英国文学史及选读》第二册练习题 I.浪漫主义时期
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1.English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with_____in 1798.A.the publication of Lyrical Ballads B.the death of Sir Scott C.the birth of William Wordsworth D.the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament 2.The Romantic Period is first of all an age of_____.A.Novel
B.poetry
C.drama
D.prose 3.Romanticism does not emphasize_____.A.the special qualities of each individual’s mind B.the inner world of the human spirit C.individuality D.the features that men have in common 4._____ is not a Romantic poet.A.William Blake
B.Sir Scott
C.P.B.Shelley
D.Lord Byron 5._____ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains.A.Walter Scott
B.Mary Shelley
C.Jane Austen
D.Ann Radcliff 6._____ is not characteristic of William Blake’s writing.A.plain and direct language
B.compression of meaning
C.supernatural quality
D.symbolism
7.Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with _____.A.Byron
B.Coleridge
C.Shelley
D.Keats 8.Wordsworth thinks that _____ is the only subject of literary interest.A.the life of rising bourgeoisie B.aristocratic life C.the life of the royal family D.common life 9.Don Juan is the masterpiece of_____.A.Lord Byron’s
B.P.B.Shelley’s
C.John Keats’s
D.Samuel Coleridge’s 10._____ is not a novel written by Jane Austen.A.Jane Eyre
B.Sense and Sensibility
C.Pride and Prejudice D.Emma II.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.1.In essence, Romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the_____as the very center of all life and all experience.2.For the Romantics, _____ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.3.Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of _____.”
4.According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about _____.5.Coleridge’s achievement as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: _____ and the conversational.6.As a leading Romanticist, Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “_____.” 7.“_____” is Shelley’s representative work.8._____ are generally regarded as Keats’s most important and mature work.9.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a famous line in Keats’s “_____.” 10._____is the most delightful of Jane Austen’s work.III.Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.()1.The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.()2.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending their own literary heritage against the advocates of classical rules.()3.Coleridge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate.()4.Keats is one of the “Lake Poets.”
()5.Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer.IV.Name the author of each of the following literary work.1.“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” 2.Songs of Innocence 3.“Ode to a Nightingale” 4.“A Song: Men of England” 5.The Prelude V.Define the literary terms listed below 1.Romanticism 2.Ode VI.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1….Be through my lips to unawakened Earth.The trumpet of a prophecy!O, Wind, If winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 2.For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.Keys: I.1.A
2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A
10.A II.1.individual
2.human life
3.nature
4.human life
5.the demonic
6.Byronic hero
7.Ode to the West Wind
8.The odes
9.Ode on a Grecian Urn 10.Pride and Prejudice III.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F IV.1.Coleridge
2.Blake
3.Keats
4.Shelley
5.Wordsworth V.1.Romanticism is a movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism.There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places.The leading features of Romantic movements are Wordsworth, Shelley, etc.2.Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event.VI.1.It is taken from Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind.In this poem, Shelley eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.In these last lines, the poet shows his optimistic spirit for the future.2.It is taken from Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollect the beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude.He expresses his strong affecting for nature in the poem.II.维多利亚时期
I.Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets 1.The Victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of Queen Victoria in_____.A.1835
B.1836
C.1837
D.1838 2.The critical realists like Charles Dickens in the Victorian period wrote novels_____.A.representing the 18th century realist novel
B.criticizing the society C.defending the mass E.all the above 3._____is not a Victoria novelist.A.Charles DickensB.George Eliot C.William Makepeace ThackerayD.D.H.Lawrence 4._____ is not a work by Charles Dickens.A.Oliver Twist
B.David CopperfieldC.Middlemarch
D.A Tale of Two Cities 5.Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece written by_____.A.Charlotte Bronte
B.Emily Bront C.Anne Bronte
D.Branwell Bronte 6._____ is not Thomas Hardy’s work.A.The Mill on the Floss C.Jude the ObscureD.The Mayor of Casterbridge 7.“My Last Duchess” is _____.A.a dramatic monologue
B.a short lyricC.a novel
D.an essay 8.Tennyson’s “Ulysses” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_____.A.Homer’s Odessey
B.Joyce’s Ulysses C.Dante
D.Greek Mythology
9.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend _____ appeared.And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s.A.romanticism
B.naturalism C.realism
D.critical realism 10.The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from_____.A.The Pilgrim’s Progress B.Childe Harold’s PilgrimageC.Gulliver’s TravelsD.The Canterbury Tales II.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook 1.The aestheticists such as Oscar Wilde in the Victorian period advocated the theory of “_____.”
2.In the Victorian period, _____became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.3.Charles Dickens is one of the greatest _____ writers of the Victorian Age.4.Tennyson’s poem “_____” is in memory of his bosom friend Arthur Hallam.5.Robert Browning is famous for his _____.6.George Eliot’s _____ is one of the most mature works in English literature.7.Tennyson’s famous dramatic monologue based on the story in Greek Mythology is “_____.” 8._____ is Dickens’ first child hero.9.Jane Eyre represents those_____-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.10.The most important poet of the Victorian Age was_____.Next to him were Robert Browning and his wife.III.Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets.()1.The Victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.()2.Tennyson is famous for his aesthetic viewpoint of “art for art’s sake.”()3.Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte’s.()4.Browning’s “Meeting at Night” and “Parting at Morning” were originally one poem in dramatic monologue.()5.Naturalism has played an important part in Thomas Hardy’s work.IV.Name the author of each of the following literary works.1.The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 2.The Tenant of Wildfell Hall 3.In Memoriam 4.The Mill on the Floss 5.The Return of the Native V.Define the literary terms listed below.1.Dramatic Monologue 2.Critical Realism VI.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1.That same evening the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain.Mr.Bumble shoot his head with gloomy mystery, and said he wished he might come to good;where—unto Mr.Gamfield replied, that he wished he might come to him---which, although he agreed with the beadle in most matters, would seem to be a wish of a totally opposite description.The next morning, the public were once more informed that Oliver Twist was again To Let, and that five pounds would be paid to anybody who would take possession of him.2.Thus, neither having the clue to the other’s secret, they were respectively puzzled at what each revealed, and awaited new knowledge of each other’s character and moods without attempting to pry into each other’s history.Every day, every hour, brought to him one more little stroke of her nature, and to her one more of his.Tess was trying to lead a repressed life, but she little divined the strength of her own vitality.Keys: I.1.B 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.A
7.A
8.B 9.D 10.A II.1.art for art’s sake
2.the novel
3.critical realist
4.Break, Break, Break
5.dramatic monologue
6.Middlemarch
7.Ulysses
8.Oliver Twist
9.middle
10.Tennyson III.1.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T IV.1.Charles Dickens
2.Anne Bronte
3.Alfred Tennyson
4.George Eliot
5.Thomas Hardy V.1.Dramatic Monologue is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.The occasion is usually a crucial one In the speaker’s personality as well as the incident that is the subjects of the poem.An example of a dramatic monologue is “My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning.2.Critical Realism is a literary movement in the 19th century.It sticks to the principal of faithful representation of the 18th century realistic novel and carries its duty forward to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.The representative figures are Dickens, the Bronte’s, etc.VI.1.It is taken from Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist.This part describes how Oliver is punished for asking for more to eat and how he is therefore sold at three pound ten to a notorious chimney-sweeper.It reveals that the pitiable state of the orphan boy and the cruelty and hypocrisy of the workhouse board.2.It is taken from Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles.This part describes how Tess forgets about her past misfortune in the beautiful, pastoral dairy farm and unconsciously gives herself up to the attraction of Angel Clare.III.现代时期
I.Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets 1.Modernism takes_____as its theoretical base.A.the irrational philosophy
B.the theory of psycho-analysis
C.both A and B
D.neither A nor B 2.Modernism rose out of_____.A.skepticism
B.disillusion of capitalism
C.irrational philosophy
D.al the above 3.Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against_____.A.romanticism
B.Realism
C.post-modernism
D.all the above 4._____is not a movement in the modern period.A.“the Angry Young Men”
B.“the Beat Generation”
C.“the Lost Generation”
D.“the Theater of the Absurd” 5._____ is not a representative figure in applying the technique of “the stream of consciousness” in his/her writing.A.D.H.Lawrence
B.James Joyce
C.Virginia Woolf
D.Dorothy Richardson 6.Waiting for Godot is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.It is written by_____.A.George Bernard Shaw
B.Samuel Beckett
C.John Galsworthy
D.Eugene O’ Neill 7.The Waste Land is_____’s most important single poem.A.Ezra Pound
B.William Butler Yeats
C.Alfred Tennyson
D.T.S.Eliot 8._____ is not D.H.Lawrence’s work.A.Finnegans Wake
B.Sons and Lovers
C.Lady Chatterley’s Lover
D.The Rain Bow 9._____ is not James Joyce’s novel.A.Ulysses
B.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man C.Dubliners
D.Finnegans Wake 10.“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock” is written by_____.A.W.H.Auden
B.D.H.Lawrence
C.W.B.Yeats
D.T.S.Eliot
II.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook 1.The French_____, appearing in the late 19th century, heralded modernism.2.Modernism rejects_____, which is the theoretical base of realism.3.In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the theory of the Freudian and Jungian_____played a particularly important role.4.Most of Bernard Shaw’s plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems, and, thus, can be termed as_____.5._____is famous for his frank discussion of “sex” in his works.6.John Galsworthy’s trilogy is named_____.7._____, an American Poet, took English Citizenship in 1927, and became a devout member of Anglican Church.8._____is Eliot’s most important poetry, revealing the spiritual decadency and meaninglessness of life of the 20th century.9.Most of Joyce’s works are concerning the life of his hometown_____.10.Joyce’s “Araby” is a short story in his collection_____.III.Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets.()1.The rise of modern poetry was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Romantic poetry.()2.Writers like E.M.Forster and D.H.Lawrence are still conventional writers, as in their works, old traditions are still there.()3.John Galsworthy has been awarded Nobel Prize for literature.()4.John Galsworthy is a conventional writer, inheriting the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical realism such as Dickens.()5.James Joyce is a prolific writer, creating a great number of famous works.IV.Name the author of each of the following literary works.1.Modernism 2.Angry Young Men V.Define the literary terms listed below.1.Pygmalion 2.“Sailing to Byzantium” 3.Woman in Love 4.Ulysses 5.The Man of Property VI.For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1.I will arise and go now, for always night and day
I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;
While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray，I hear it in the deep heart’s core.2.Now she began to combat in his restless fretting.He still kept up his connexion with Miriam, could neither break free nor go the whole length of engagement.And this indecision seemed to bleed him of his energy.Moreover.His mother suspected him of an unrecognized leaning towards Clara, and, since the latter was a married woman, she wished he would fall in love with one of the girls in a better station of life.But he was stupid, and would refuse to love or even to admire a girl much, just because she was his social superior.Keys: I.1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A
6.B 7.D 8.A
9.C 10.D II.1.Symbolism
2.rationalism
3.psycho-analysis
4.problem plays 5.D.H.Lawrence 6.The Forsyte Saga
7.T.S.Eliot
8.The Waste Land 9.Dublin
10.Dubliners III.1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F IV.1.Modernism is a movement in the 20th century.It takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base and in many aspects is a reaction against realism.2.Angry Young Men is a phrase applied to a number of British playwrights and novelists from the mid-1950s, who described various forms of social alienation and whose political views were radical and anarchic.V.1.Bernard Shaw
2.W.B.Yeats
3.D.H.Lawrence
4.James Joyce
5.John Galsworthy VI.1.It is taken from Yeats’s “The lake Isle of Innisfree.” In this poem, Yeats expresses his longing to escape from the city life and to live a secluded life by describing the peaceful, tranquil scene of the lake Isle of Innisfree, a legendary place for hermitage.2.It is taken from D.H.Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers.Paul has love affairs with two girls, Miriam and Clara.But he is so dependent on his mother’s love and help that he fails to achieve a fulfilling relationship with either girl.English Literature
(Book II)
Romanticis
1.Romanticism（名词解释）要对浪漫主义兴起的时间，根源，主要特点，主要代表作家都有所了解。
2.William Wordsworth要知道他的 “Lyrical Ballads”前言是英国浪漫主义时期开始的标志，也是宣言。Lake Poets（名词解释）。他诗歌的主要两类题材：nature and common people’s lives。
写过的著名作品：I wandered lonely as a cloud;To the cuckoo;Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey;The solitary reaper;We are seven 等等。
3.Samuel Taylor Coleridge两首名诗：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner;Kubla Khan主要写作supernatural题材。4.George Gordon Byron，Byronic Heroes(名词解释);著名作品：Child Harold’s Pilgrimage要知道大致内容，另外此诗用Spenserian Stanza写成；Don Juan要知道大致内容。
5.Percy Bysshe Shelley著名作品：Queen Mab;The Revolt of Islam;Prometheus Unbound（lyrical drama，要知道大致内容及此剧与古希腊的“被束缚的普罗米修斯”不同之处及其意义。）其它名作: Ode to the West Wind;To a skylark等等。
6.John Keats著名作品：Ode to Autumn;Ode to a Nightingale;Ode on a Grecian Urn”。注意Keats与Byron和Shelley的不同，Keats的诗歌没有两人那么强的革命性，他的诗歌主要是为了缔造一个唯美的世界，为了追求美而写作的。7.Charles Lamb：The Essays of Elia(humorous, archaisms, quotations from other writers)8.Walter Scott: founder and great master of the historical novel;his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature;famous novels: Rob Roy, Ivanhoe;features of his novels.English Critical Realism 9.Critical Realism批判现实主义，要知道它兴起的时间，历史背景，主要代表人物及主要特点。
10.Charles Dickens主要作品: The Pickwick Papers(first novel);Oliver Twist;Dombey and Son;David Copperfield;A Tales of Two Cities等等，对这些主要作品除了第一部以外剩下的要对情节，主要人物形象，主题及其意义有所了解，另外要知道狄更斯的小说的特色。
11.William Makepeace Thackeray主要作品即Vanity Fair要知道这个题目出自John Bunyan的The Pilgrim’s Progress，另外小说的副标题 “A novel without a hero”的意思，小说的情节，主题，人物形象都要了解。
12.Jane Austen主要作品：Pride and Prejudice其它5部小说知道名字即可，对于《傲慢与偏见》简单看一下它的情节和主要人物。Austen的写作特点：thin plot, mostly everyday life of simple country society;good at writing young girls;modest satire;witty dialogues。
13.Charlotte Bronte主要作品Jane Eyre，要知道其情节和意义，另外简爱的人物形象也比较重要。
14.Emily Bronte主要作品Wuthering Heights，情节，人物形象及意义。勃朗特姐妹的小说虽然写作在批判现实主义时期，但其作品有明显的浪漫主义特色，比如包含的一些supernatural elements，特别体现在呼啸山庄中。15.George Eliot主要作品: Adam Bede, The Mill on Floss.Prose-writers and poets of the mid and later 19th century
16.Alfred Tennyson主要作品: In Memoriam, The Idylls of the Kings；有名的短诗Break, Break, Break;Crossing the bar等，此人政治态度保守，作品追求形式上的完美，富于音乐性和色彩。
17.Robert Browning introduced dramatic monologue to poetry.His famous poems: “Home-thoughts from abroad” etc.Elizabeth Barrett Browning: “Sonnets from the Portuguese”.18.Aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）Oscar Wilde主要作品，写作特点及其意义简要了解。
Twentieth Century English Literature
19.John Galsworthy: 主要作品 “The Forsyte Saga”注意这是两个trilogy构成的，可不是一本小说，其中比较重要的是 “The Man of Property”就是书上介绍的那一部，要知道此部小说主人公的名字，以及这个主人公的性格，和小说主题。
20.George Bernard Shaw主要作品Mrs Warren’s Profession和Major Babara，对他作品的主要人物，情节，主题和意义要了解，他是比较重要的一个作家。
21.T.S.Eliot比较重要，特别是他的The Waste Land要知道包括哪几个部分，大概是什么情节，有什么象征意义，主题是什么，有什么写作特点。另外他著名的文章Tradition and the Individual Talent被认为是manifesto of modernist poetry.22.Modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters’ psychological activities under the influence of Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud’s theories.23.D.H.Lawrence重点作品Sons and Lovers这个作品明显受到弗洛伊德影响，特别是其中体现的Oedipus complex，对其人物，主题要有了解；The Rainbow及其续篇Women in Love要有简单了解，特别是对其主题。Lady Chatterley’s Lover简单了解即可。劳伦斯的思想特点以及局限性要了解。
24.Stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）25.James Joyce其它作品简单了解，但Ulysses非常重要，需要知道题目来源，题目的含义，小说的主人公和情节，以及主题。
基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式,结合了线上教学系统的优势与实际课堂教学的优势,借助互动性较强的慕课学习平台,提炼各时期英国文学的特点、思想和艺术特色,指明重点与难点,并构建相关在线学习视频,供学生自主学习; 同时线下选取各时期、各流派的代表作家和作品,通过面对面的课堂互动讨论,为学生答疑解惑,培养学生的综合能力。与此同时, 以课下的第二课堂活动为辅助,培养了学生在实践学习中的成就感,强化了学生对文学赏析、评论、研究训练的主动性和自觉性。
二、基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式的构建思路
(一)理论基础
Benson认为语言学习的自主性有以下三个方面: 1自主学习是一种独立学习的行为和技能; 2自主学习是一种指导自己学习的内在的心理动能; 3自主学习是一种对自己学习内容的控制。可以说,自主学习就是 “自我导向、自我激励、自我监控”的学习。
基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式,为学生打开了广阔的知识空间,提供了丰富的信息和教学资源环境。学生在教师的指导下,可以根据自己的需要、兴趣、爱好、能力自由选择所需信息去构建自己的知识结构,不受时间和空间的限制,不受教学资源的限制。这种教学模式可以充分开发学生的学习潜能,使学生处于积极主动的地位,因而能更有效地激发学生的学习兴趣和创造性。
(二)构建思路
本课程计划开课36课时,其中在慕课平台授课为12课时,课堂教学为24学时,并以第二课堂活动为辅助。
1.慕课视频的录制与准备
在设计慕课内容时,将各模块细化为 “知识点组”,并针对 “知识点组” 进行课前教学视频录制,这样视频针对性更强,便于学生观看。同时我们还收集整理与各知识点组相关的资料,放到慕课平台上,以拓展学生视野。
2.基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课混合式教学模式的实施过程
( 1) 慕课的自学阶段。在这一阶段中,知识的传授主要是学生在慕课平台上观看教师录制的教学视频完成的。 这一阶段的主要目标是初步完成知识的接受和理解,并通过测验题和作业达到对知识掌握程度的自我检测。如遇到问题,还可以通过平台的讨论功能,向教师请教或与同学讨论来解决。
( 2) 课堂的内化阶段。课堂应是生命相遇、心灵相约的场域,是质疑问难的场所,是通过对话探求真理的地方。[1]本课程的课堂是文本阅读实践为主体的讨论式课堂。教师首先对学生遇到的问题及疑难点进行讲解,然后对相应的文本抛出具有讨论性质的问题,学生进行讨论式学习,教师在适当的时候进行指引和辅导。在讨论结束后,教师对讨论过程进行梳理与总结,加深学生对问题的理解。
( 3) 课后的升华阶段。要把知识和技能内化为自身的素质,能够批判地学习新的思想,并把它们融入原有的认知结构中,能在众多的思想结构间进行联系,并能够将已有的知识迁移到新的情境中,作出决策并解决问题。[2]以课下的第二课堂活动为辅助,达到语言知识与实际使用语言能力的进一步内化、 拓展与升华。
慕课与课堂教学相结合的混合式文学课教学模式对教师的教学技能提出了新要求,也对学生的学习能力提出了新要求。只有重新定位师生角色,精心制作教学视频,重建有效的课堂对话,才能让这一新模式在文学课教学中充分发挥作用,并持久进行下去。
摘要：基于慕课的英国文学史及选读课结合了慕课在线学习与课堂面授,并以课下的第二课堂活动为辅助,是一种混合式新型的文学课教学模式。本文将讨论基于慕课的英国文学史及选读混合式课程教学模式的构建,以期掌握有效将慕课与传统文学课课堂结合的教学实践的过程、方法与注意事项,以促进文学课课堂教学改革。
1.（2.5分）歌德和下列哪位作家合作十年开创了德国文学史上的“古典文学”时代
A、赫尔德
B、海涅
C、席勒
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
2.（2.5分）华兹华斯在《〈抒情歌谣集〉序言》中认为：
A、诗是情感的表现
B、诗是意象的罗列
C、诗是强烈情感的自然流露
D、诗是情感的发泄
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
3.（2.5分）拜伦式英雄的最主要特征是
A、勇猛
B、高傲
C、叛逆
D、无私
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
4.（2.5分）葛雷硬是狄更斯哪部作品中的主人公
A、《董贝父子》
B、《荒凉山庄》
C、《艰难时世》 D、《远大前程》
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
5.（2.5分）伽西莫多是雨果哪部作品中的人物：
A、《海上劳工》
B、《九三年》
C、《悲惨世界》
D、《巴黎圣母院》
我的答案：D 此题得分：2.5分
6.（2.5分）普希金创作的诗体长篇小说是：
A、《上尉的女儿》
B、《黑桃皇后》
C、《叶普盖尼·奥涅金》
D、《高加索的俘虏》
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
7.（2.5分）被称为“卓越的心理学家”的作家是：
A、卢梭
B、雨果
C、司汤达
D、巴尔扎克
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
8.（2.5分）巴尔扎克以“人间喜剧”来命名小说集是受了哪位作家的影响
A、荷马
B、但丁
C、莎士比亚 D、薄伽丘
我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分
9.（2.5分）《简爱》中男女主人公相爱的典型环境是在
A、里德太太家
B、劳渥德学校
C、圣约翰家
D、桑菲尔德庄园
我的答案：D 此题得分：2.5分
10.（2.5分）列夫·托尔斯泰小说最突出的写作特征是
A、结构巧妙
B、人物塑造
C、心理描写
D、景物描写
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
11.（2.5分）荷马史诗的内容与发生在古代历史上的一次战争有关。这次战争是
A、希波战争
B、特洛伊战争
C、伯罗奔尼撒战争
D、十字军战争
我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分
12.（2.5分）波德莱尔在诗歌中“发掘恶中之美”的诗集是
A、《巴黎的忧郁》
B、《恶之花》
C、《人为的天堂》 D、《叛逆》
我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分
13.（2.5分）亚里士多德在《诗学》中认为哪部戏剧是古希腊悲剧的典范
A、《埃阿斯》
B、《安提戈涅》
C、《俄狄浦斯王》
D、《厄勒克特拉》
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
14.（2.5分）恩格斯所说的“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”指的是
A、莎士比亚
B、歌德
C、但丁？
D、索福克勒斯
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
15.（2.5分）《十日谈·第四天故事一》描写了一个动人的爱情故事，它的结局是
A、男女主人公双双殉情自尽
B、纪斯卡多被杀，绮思梦达自尽
C、绮思梦达被害，纪斯卡多自尽？
D、唐克烈悔过自新，有情人终成眷属
我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分
16.（2.5分）英国作家莎士比亚的悲剧《哈姆莱特》最根本的戏剧冲突是
A、人与自然的矛盾
B、人的独立意志与不可抗拒的命运之间的矛盾
C、人文主义的美好理想与充满罪恶的现实之间的矛盾 D、民族解放的要求与腐败的封建统治之间的矛盾
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
17.（2.5分）塞万提斯的《堂吉诃德》是讽刺
A、教会文学
B、骑士文学
C、流浪汉文学
我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分
18.（2.5分）莫里哀是哪个流派的作家
A、古典主义
B、浪漫主义
C、现实主义
D、现代主义
我的答案：A 此题得分：2.5分
19.（2.5分）《鲁滨逊漂流记》的作者是
A、狄更斯
B、斯威夫特
C、笛福
D、哈代
我的答案：C 此题得分：2.5分
20.（2.5分）卢梭表现启蒙主义思想的书信体小说是
A、爱弥尔
B、新爱洛伊斯
C、忏悔录
D、一个孤独漫步者的遐想 我的答案：B 此题得分：2.5分 多选题(共20道题)收起
21.（2.5分）浮士德精神含义包括
A、自强不息
B、发奋进取
C、永不满足
D、积极向上
E、厚德载物
我的答案：ABCD 此题得分：2.5分
22.（2.5分）华兹华斯歌咏大自然的诗作有
A、《致雏菊》
B、《丁登寺》
C、《瀑布与野蔷薇》
D、《西风颂》
E、《致云雀》
我的答案：ABC 此题得分：2.5分
23.（2.5分）《悲惨世界》卷帙浩繁，共包括以下部分
A、《芳汀》
B、《珂塞特》
C、《马吕斯》
D、《卜吕梅街的儿女情与圣丹尼街的英雄血》
E、《冉阿让》
我的答案：ABCDE 此题得分：2.5分
24.（2.5分）司汤达被称为“卓越的心理学家”，他小说的心理描写特点包括 A、善于描写人物心理流程
B、展现人物心理活动的二元对立
C、善于展现人物内心独白
D、通过人物行动展现心理
我的答案：ABC 此题得分：2.5分
25.（2.5分）《人间喜剧》中的风俗研究的巴黎生活场景代表作有
A、《欧也妮葛朗台》
B、《纽沁根银行》
C、《贝姨》
D、《邦斯舅舅》
E、《夏倍上校》
我的答案：BCD 此题得分：2.5分
26.（2.5分）奥斯汀的代表作有
A、《理智与情感》
B、《傲慢与偏见》
C、《爱玛》
D、《雪莉》
E、《维莱特》
我的答案：ABC 此题得分：2.5分
27.（2.5分）哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》是社会悲剧表现在
A、资本主义的经济掠夺
B、资产阶级的淫欲
C、资产阶级的财富
D、资产阶级的虚伪道德 我的答案：ABCD 此题得分：2.5分
28.（2.5分）列夫·托尔斯泰是西方现实主义文学高峰，他的代表作有
A、《樱桃园》
B、《战争与和平》
C、《安娜·卡列尼娜》
D、《复活》
E、《哥萨克》
我的答案：BCDE 此题得分：2.5分
29.（2.5分）易卜生的代表性戏剧有
A、《社会支柱》
B、《玩偶之家》
C、《人民公敌》
D、《建筑师》
E、《群鬼》
我的答案：ABCDE 此题得分：2.5分
30.（2.5分）契诃夫不仅是短篇小说大师，而且是一位杰出的剧作家，他的代表戏剧有
A、《变色龙》
B、《樱桃园》
C、《海鸥》
D、《三姊妹》
E、《第六病室》
我的答案：BCD 此题得分：2.5分
31.（2.5分）《伊里亚特》中阿喀琉斯的形象特征包括
A、外貌英俊 B、英勇善战
C、残暴任性
D、温厚善良
E、忘我战斗
我的答案：ABCDE 此题得分：2.5分
32.（2.5分）幽默与讽刺是马克·吐温小说的风格，他代表性的中短篇小说有
A、《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》
B、《竞选州长》
C、《哥尔德斯密斯的朋友再度出洋》
D、《百万英镑的钞票》
E、《败坏了赫德莱堡的人》
我的答案：ABCDE 此题得分：2.5分
33.（2.5分）索福克勒斯的悲剧有
A、《被缚的普罗米修斯》
B、《安提戈涅》
C、《俄狄浦斯王》
D、《美狄亚》
E、《埃阿斯》
我的答案：BCE 此题得分：2.5分
34.（2.5分）但丁《神曲》分为下面三部分
A、《人间篇》
B、《地狱篇》
C、《炼狱篇》
D、《天堂篇》 我的答案：BCD 此题得分：2.5分
35.（2.5分）《十日谈》中反映的人文主义思想有
A、讽刺教会与僧侣
B、反对禁欲主义
C、反对蒙昧主义
D、反对神秘主义
E、歌颂纯真美好的爱情
我的答案：ABCDE 此题得分：2.5分
36.（2.5分）莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括
A、《罗米欧与朱丽叶》
B、《哈姆雷特》
C、《李尔王》
D、《麦克白》
E、《奥赛罗》
我的答案：BCDE 此题得分：2.5分
37.（2.5分）哈姆雷特延宕的原因各种解释有
A、弗洛伊德的精神分析解释
B、封建基督教的传统观念
C、原型批评解释
D、19世纪传统作家的解释
我的答案：ABCD 此题得分：2.5分
38.（2.5分）堂吉诃德的冒险经历包括
A、解救童工
B、与商人大战 C、风车大战
D、与羊群大战
E、与狮子大战
我的答案：ABCDE 此题得分：2.5分
39.（2.5分）莫里哀的喜剧包括
A、《可笑的女才子》
B、《丈夫学堂》
C、《妇人学堂》
D、《堂璜》
E、《伪君子》
我的答案：ABCDE 此题得分：2.5分
40.（2.5分）《新爱洛伊斯》中的主要人物有
A、朱莉
B、圣普乐
C、沃尔玛
D、克莱尔
E、爱德华
1、传记类型很复杂，根据不同标准可以将传记分为多个类型。常见的传记主要有
等。
2、富兰克林，美国政治家、、、，参加过美国独立战争，参与起草 和，发明了避雷针、双焦眼镜、玻璃键琴等，他曾是影响巨大的 的出版商和发行人。他逝世时，杰斐逊总统称他为“ ”。富兰克林写自传的目的是
。富兰克林去世后，遵照他的遗嘱，墓碑上只刻有“ ”字样。
富兰克林在自传中以自己的亲身经历描述了一个 故事。
3、朱东润，我国著名的、，有、、、等论著，主编大学文科教材，还著有、、等传记作品8部。《李方舟传》是他在“文革”中为 而写的。在作品中，作者满怀悲愤之情，描述了。因为写作时的特殊社会背景所限，作品中人名，地名多使用了化名，代称。
4、《富兰克林自传》是一篇名人自传，读这篇传记不难悟出： ；
《李方舟传》写的是凡人生平，读李方舟的事迹可以感到：。
5、蔡元培是我国近代史上一位著名的、和，毛泽东曾评价他为“ ”。他在 进行的革故鼎新，是我国教育史上一个重要事件，他的教育有两大端，一个是，一个是。
6、《贝多芬传》是一部 的独特传记。它没有曲折的故事和精彩的描写，作者关注的是传主的。《贝多芬传》节选自，作者是，这部名人传记由，，组成。书中三位 “名人”都是世界级艺术大师，作者善于抓住传主最主要的性格特征，写出了他们 的伟大情怀。
7、斯蒂芬·茨威格，奥地利作家，他是一位传记高手，他的，等都是传记文学中的佳品。
8、老舍，现代作家，原名，字，满族人。“五四”时期开始用白话文练习写作，1937年发表的优秀长篇小说，标志着老舍的创作进入了新阶段。该作品描写了，寄寓着，具有。小说具有强烈的生活气息和，在 现代文学史上影响很大。
9、“四大名旦”是，。
“五大名伶”除了上述四人外，还有。
10、林语堂，曾创办了多本文学刊物，提倡“ ”的小品文。
二、简述题
1、请简述老舍的创作历程。
2、请简述孔子的思想体系。
3、请围绕《梅兰芳画传》谈谈你对梅兰芳“蓄须明志”的看法。
三、加试题举例
1、根据下面的人物简介，按照要求回答问题。
王选生平简介
王选，男，汉族，1937年2月生，江苏无锡人，九三学社成员，1958年9月参加工作，北京大学数学力学系计算数学专业毕业，大学学历，教授，中国科学院院士，中国工程院院士。在汉字照排系统开发方面成就显著。
王选和他所领导的科研集体研制出的汉字激光照排系统为新闻、出版全过程的计算机化奠定了基础，被誉为“汉字印刷术的第二次发明”。
1992年王选又研制成功世界首套中文彩色照排系统。先后获日内瓦国际发明展览金牌，中国专利发明金奖，联合国教科文组织科学奖，国家重大技术装备研制等众多奖项。1987年和1995年两度获得国家科技进步一等奖；1987年和1995年两度理入国家十大科技成就，是中国国内唯一四度获国家级奖励的项目。王选本人被授予国家级有突出贡献的专家称号，并多次获全国及北京市劳模、先进工作者、“首都楷模”等称号，1987年获得中国印刷业最高荣誉奖——毕昇奖及森泽信夫奖，1995年获何梁何利基金奖，2001年获国家最高科学技术奖。
他是在科学技术上获得具体成果、在学风上谦虚谨慎的一位科学工作者，为社会进步作出了实实在在的贡献。为了科学，他甚至放弃了子嗣。
2006年2月13日上午10时许，享年70岁的王选因病在北京协和医院逝世，遗体告别仪式将于2月19日上午9时在八宝山殡仪馆举行。
运用评价式为王选撰写一篇文学性人物小传。（100字左右）（15分）
2、对于荆轲刺秦王这桩历史公案，历来见仁见智。请从下列六段文字中归纳出古人对这桩历史公案最基本的态度，然后谈谈你对荆轲其人其行的看法（表述自己的看法必须有观点、有分析）。（15分）
⑴其立意较然，不欺其志，名垂后世，岂妄也哉！（《史记·刺客列传》）
⑵虽无壮士节，与世亦殊伦……贱者虽自贱，重之若千钧。（左思《咏荆轲》）
⑶其人虽已没，千载有余情。（陶渊明《咏荆轲》）
⑷荆轲怀其豢养之私，不顾七族，欲以尺八匕首强燕而弱秦，不亦愚乎！故扬子（西汉辞赋家扬雄）论之，荆轲……不可谓之义。（《资治通鉴·卷七》）
⑸至丹以荆卿为计，始速祸焉。（苏洵《六国论》）
American Literature
Chapter one : The romantic period
I. Emerson’s transcendentalism and his attitude toward nature:
1.Transcendentalism—it is a philosophic and literary movement that flourish in New England, as a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.
2. Emerson’s transcendentalism:
The over-soul—it is an all-pervading power goodness, from which all things come and of which all are a part. It is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion. It is a communication between an individual soul and the universal over-soul. And he strongly believe in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual, so man can totally rely on himself.
3.His toward nature:
Emerson loves nature. His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God’s presence. It exercise a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult.
II. Hawthorne’s Puritanism and his black vision of man:
1. Puritanism—it is the religious belief of the Puristans, who had intended to purify and simplify the religious ritual of the church of England.
2. his black vision of man—by the Calvinistic concept of original sin, he believed that human being are evil natured and sinful, and this sin is ever present in human heart and will pass one generation to another.
3. Young Goodman Brown—it shows that everyone has some evil secrets. The innocent and na?ve Brown is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and then he becomes distrustful and doubtful. Brown stands for everyone ,who is born pure and has no contact with the real world ,and the prominent people of the village and church. They cover their secrets during daily lives, and under some circumstances such as the witch’s Sabbath, they become what they are. Even his closed wife, Faith, is no exception. So Brown is aged in that night.
III. The symbolism of Melville’s Mobby-Dick
1.The voyage to catch the white whale is the one of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of universe.
2. To Ahab, the whale is an evil creature or the agent of an evil force that control the universe. As to readers, the whale is a symbol of physical limits, or a symbol of nature. It also can stand for the ultimate mystery of the universe and the wall behind which unknown malicious things are hiding.
IV. Whitman and his Leaves of Grass :
1. Theme: sing of the “en-mass” and the self / pursuit of love, happiness, and ***ual love / sometimes about politics (Drum taps)
2. Whitman’s originality first in his use of the poetic form free verse (i.e. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme),by means of which he becomes conversational and casual.
3.He uses the first person pronoun “I” to stress individualism, and oral language to acquire sympathy from the common reader.
Chapter two : The realistic period
I. The character analysis and social meaning of Huck Finn in Adventure of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
Huck is a typical American boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”. He appears to be vulgar in language and in manner, but he is honest and decent in essence. His remarkable raft’s journey down on the Mississippi river can be regarded as his process of education and his way to grow up. At first, he stands by slavery, for he clings to the idea that if he lets go the slave, he will be damned to go to hell. And when the “King” sells Jim for money, Huck decides to inform Jim’s master. After he thinks of the past good time when Jim and he are on the raft where Jim shows great care and deep affection for him, he decide to rescue Jim. And Huck still thinks he is wrong while he is doing the right thing.
