[高考必看]2005年成人高考英语模拟试卷

[高考必看]2005年成人高考英语模拟试卷（精选5篇）

[高考必看]2005年成人高考英语模拟试卷 篇1

1.Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.A.which B.what C.as D.those 2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A.that B.where C.which D.the one 4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A.that B.where C.which D.the one 5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.A.that B.where C.in which D.in that 6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.A.at which B.on that C.in which D.of what 7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..A.how you have observed B.what you have observed C.that you have observed D.how that you have observed 8.The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.whether 9.I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.A.all which B.that C.all that D.which 10.That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.A.whose B.of which C.in which D.on which 11.I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.A.as B.that C.which D.what 12.He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which B.it C.that D.what 13.We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that 14.The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.A.who is singing B.is singing C.sang D.was singing 15.Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn B.who C.that learns D.who learn 16.Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts B.that against C.who is against D.who are against 17.Didn’t you see the man __________? A.I nodded just now B.whom I nodded just now C.I nodded to him just now D.I nodded to just now 18.Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day? A.that you talked B.you talked about it C.which you talked with D.you talked about 19.Is there anything __________ to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.that belong D.which belongs 20.----“How do you like the book?”

----“It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.” A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what 21.Mr.Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them.A.the ones B.ones C.some D.the others 22.The train __________ she was travelling was late.A.which B.where C.on which D.in that 23.He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.A.where B.in which C.under which D.which 24.Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A.which B.where C.that D.about which 25.It’s the third time __________ late this month.A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived 26.It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that B.which C.when D.in which 27.May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget.A.which B.when C.on which D.about which 28.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.A.which B.that C.who D.where 29.The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A.we stayed at B.where we stayed at C.we stayed D.in that we stayed 30.Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A.in which B.where C.which D.that 31.It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa.A.which, to B.where, from C.that, from D.that, with

32.Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.A.there B.where C.it D.which 33.He is not __________ a fool __________.A.such, as he is looked B.such, as he looks C.as, as he is looked D.so, as he looks 34.Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal? A.which B.what C.why D.for that 35.He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.A.that B.as C.who D.what 36.He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.A.two of whom B.both of whom C.both of which D.all of whom 37.I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A.who is B.who am C.that is D.what is 38.He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom 39.----Do you know the town at all?----No, this is the first time I __________ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming 40.I don’t like __________ you speak to her.A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 41.The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.A.about which B.of which C.in which D.for which 42.The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.A.would have B.have had C.had never had D.had ever had 43.Do you know which hotel __________? A.she is staying B.she is staying in C.is she staying D.is she staying in 44.There is only one thing __________ I can do.A.what B.that C.all D.which 45.Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used? A.which B.that C.where D.in that 46.I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.A.them B.that C.which D.those 47.They were interested __________ you told them.A.in which B.in that C.all that D.in everything 48.The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space.A.which we think it is B.which we think are of C.of which we think is D.I think which is of 49.The great day we looked forward to __________ at last.A.come B.came C.coming D.comes 50.I like the second football match __________ was held last week.A.which B.who C.that D./

参考答案：

1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 2131—35 CABCB 3646—50 CDBBC

[高考必看]2005年成人高考英语模拟试卷 篇2

国外对英语写作命题的研究文献较少,大部分外国学者专注于对英语试卷命题的研究,而不是仅仅对写作命题的研究。Spolsky(1984)将英语写作命题视为语言测试的过程,此过程经历三个阶段:科学前期,结构心理期,语言心理期。Arthur Brookes and Peter Grundy(1986)研究的写作开始的方法,描述了英语写作命题的本质和启示,根据不同的英语写作命题。一些外国学者也研究了英语写作命题的规则,为了能够更真实地检测学生的写作能力。Heaton(1996)强调好的英语写作命题对学生学习产生积极的影响。Bachman(2010)指出这种积极影响是以是否有效检测出学生的实践学习所得为基础的,同时给英语教学提供有效的方法。Alderson and HampLyons(2001)也表达了消极的影响。

国内学者从不同的方面研究了英语写作命题。张福(2012)从效度、信度和区分度方面研究了2007至2011年全国卷英语写作命题,得出以下结论:反映现实生活,反映现实焦点,反映学生心理。杨培荣(2012)从写作题材、体裁、主题和真实性方面研究了20套全国卷写作命题,得出写作命题贴切生活。陈艳忠(2014)分析了根据新课标分析研究安徽高考写作命题,并得出为了更好提高学生的写作水平,教师应该把握方向,锻炼学生写作结构、写作思维,利用整合方法提高能力。

综上所述,显而易见,国内外不同学者从不同方面研究分析了英语写作命题,如题材、主题、效度等。但是很少有对安徽省高考英语写作命题的系统研究。因此,以安徽省2005耀2014年高考试卷为例进行阐述。

二、研究方法

(一)研究问题

1. 安徽省2005耀2014年高考英语书面表达的命题的特点是什么?

(体裁,题材,字数,分值,格式,信息提供形式,提示信息量,真实性,交互性,开放性)。

2. 根据这些分析结果,教师和学生应该如何更好地学习和提高书面表达的技能和能力?

(二)研究过程

本课题通过对安徽省2005耀2014年高考英语书面表达的命题进行深入研究,且结合相关的文献研究,利用文献分析法、文本分析法,找出命题的特点和规律,给出合理有限的策略来应对英语高考书面表达考查,引导教师和学生有效地进行书面表达的训练和写作能力的提高。

三、结果与讨论

认真地研究分析2005耀2014年安徽高考英语写作命题是本研究重点,现根据李晓菊提出的理念结合以上三个研究理论,分析命题的话题和特点。

(一)写作任务话题内容

1. 主题

根据考纲要求,学生学习写作时要关注周围的生活,并且随着年龄的增长不断面向世界。

从以上表格中我们可以看到,安徽近十年的高考命题的主题主要为学校生活、日常生活、人际关系、社会文化与教育。其中2008、2010、2011和2013为日常生活。2001、2012为教育话题,要求学生发表自己的见解。2006为人际关系,考查学生处理日常生活交际问题的能力。

表格二清晰地表达了命题的以下特点:材料贴近学生的生活,能够展示出学生描述生活经历和人与事的能力。日常生活主题占据了四年,让学生充分认识到观察生活的重要性。主题贴切关注人性。引导学生关注和参与生活。(董敏2011)。

2. 体裁

根据认知理论,学生在高中阶段应该有能力分析问题并发表意见。近十年的命题主要以说明文和议论文为主,说明文与议论文很好地解释并考查了学生的此种分析的能力。

3. 信息提供方式

根据课程标准,高考书面表达可以以书信、列提纲、书信加提纲、表格等形式呈现。2006耀2008年,以及2014年的命题是书信加提纲的形式。这种形式可以给学生以清晰的思路来完成书面表达。2005年和2009年是列提纲的形式。这种形式要求考生根据给出的提纲来完成他们的写作。对考生来说,按照要求写书面表达非常容易,然而,这样却不利于考生表达他们真实的想法。

从以上数据中,我们可以总结出,近十年的高考书面表达材料提纲形式有三四种。

(二)写做任务的设计特点

1. 书面表达的真实性

书面表达的内容应该真实。语言设计的真实性是指主题是否真实,即学生在以后是否能遇到的生活情境(李晓菊1997)。书面表达是中国人向外国人介绍中国或者是和他们交流的一种形式。然而,用英语交流对中国学生而言并非易事,所以书面表达是帮助学生使用英语的一种很好的方式。因此,英语书面表达应该给学生提供一些比较熟悉的题材。2005耀2008年的写作命题要求中国学生用英语与外国学生交流。而2009年耀2014年的命题建立在中文的情境中,贴切学生的生活。

2. 书面表达的交流效果

随着语言交流考试的发展,书面表达的效果越来越受到关注(陶百强2009)。(1997)刘晓军说书面表达的内容应该更具交流性,因为人们要与彼此交流。2005年耀2014年的书面表达都很有交流性,并且都有各自明确的目标。

根据认知理论,在英语学习中应该培养学生的思辨思维,即所谓的分析与评价。在安徽近十年的高考英语写作的命题中都为学生提供了交际目的对象,利于学生完成。

3. 书面表达的公平性

高考中保证公平非常重要。所以,书面表达的设计应该考虑到不同地区学生认知水平的差异。在写书面表达的时候,每一个学生都有自己的想法、价值判断和感受,尤其是他们在参加考试时需要在规定时间内完成书面表达。

2005年耀2014年的书面表达相对而言很公平。因为这些题材很贴近学生生活,所以他们有话可说。但是,2010年的题目却稍显有失公平。因为有些地区的学生没有机会接触手机或是网络,所以他们无法表达自己的感受。

4. 书面表达的开放性

书面表达的开放性是指要选择让学生有发挥余地的主题(杨志强2009)。随着教育的发展,社会以及学生都非常渴望开放。根据认知理论的发展,培养批判能力需要学生具有开放的思维,2005、2007、2009、2010、2013、2014年书面表达的开放程度适中。2006年的书面表达给学生太多限制,缺乏开放性。2008、2011、2012年的书面表达又太过开放,学生有太多要表达的东西,结果,不言而喻很容易跑题。

5. 书面表达的提示信息

书面表达的提示信息应该适当,这有助于学生正确审题。2010年和2011年的提示信息太少,这可能让学生写作文时抓不住中心。学生在进行书面表达时都有各自不同的风格和方式。如果这两篇书面表达能设计出更多提示信息的话,那就锦上添花了。其他年份的提示信息较充足,字数一般限制在150字。

四、结论

许多因素影响着学生的写作成绩和教师的教学成效。根据上面的分析,将提供给教师一些建议用于教学和英语写作的命题设计。

(一)写作教学的建议

第一,课堂上关注书本教学。充分利用教材提供的资源,包括听说读写资源。而且,关注教材每单元的写作任务,以学生实际生活介绍相应的写作技巧。安徽2010年高考作文命题为“我们应该放弃电视,手机还是网络”,教学资源落后地区的学生也许无法接受到一些先进的科技产品,但是此作文命题我们可以从书本上找到影子,平时利用好书本可以很好地应对考试的陌生感。

第二,强调教学的交际目标。2005年~2014年的作文命题关注不同情境下的交际性,平时教学中,应为学生创设不同的交际情景。

第三,加强对学生的写作教学指导的专业能力。教师应该理性面对学生的写作错误,应该给学生提供更多改错的机会。教师应鼓励学生阅读各种题材的文章,教授学生写作技巧。

(二)写作任务设计的建议

第一,写作任务应该反映当地色彩和人文地理特征,因为不同地区具有不同文化特色。为了更好地进行情感教育,应加强命题的情感教育目的。2005年耀2014年的命题中很少有安徽的特色,可适当增加。

第二,应该测试学生介绍中国文化的能力。安徽写作任务的设计应该适当加些中国文化的交际活动,增强学生的爱国意识。

第三,提供信息的形式应该丰富多样化。近十年安徽的写作命题大多是书信提纲形式。应丰富信息呈现的形式,避免教师对考试写作命题的猜测而单一教学,加入更多解决问题的方式,提高思辨能力。

第四,命题的真实性需要提高。近十年的命题大多以假设为主,容易导致学生无法真实地表达自己的观点态度。

第五,命题信息提供应该准确具体。避免学生无法辨别要求,或者过度直接翻译。

摘要：高中英语作文命题的设计和考查内容对高中英语教学具有很强的指导作用,对高考英语作文命题的研究能够给教师提供一个教学的方向标,有利于指导教师在平时的教学中有效地对学生进行写作训练,而高中作文题型的模式化不利于培养学生的分析能力和解决问题的能力。高考作文命题的特点趋势也能为作文命题者提供良好的指引作用。

关键词：安徽高考,英语作文命题,写作能力

参考文献

[1]Bachman,L.F.&Palmer,A.S.1996.Language Testing in Practice[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press.

[2]Willis.J,&Willis.D.2002.Foreign Language Teaching and Assessment[M].Shanghai:Shanghai ForeignLanguage Education Press.

[3]董敏.2005-2011年安徽省高考英语书面表达题分析与研究[J].基础教育外语教学研究,2005,(11-12).

[4]何海英.从高考英语作文命题趋势谈高中英语写作教学创新[J].英语教育研究,2013,(19):.

[5]何静令.高考英语书面表达的特点及应试策略[J].湖南城市学院大学英语部,2007,(4).

[6]韩梅.高考英语书面表达命题研究;从特点预测趋势[J].中小学外语教学英语考试,2011,(3).

[高考必看]2005年成人高考英语模拟试卷 篇3

一、语音知识（共5小题；每题1.5分，共7.5分。）

在下列每组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其它单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。

()1.A.group B.about C.found D.without()2.A.result B.decorate C.suggest D.impress()3.A.water B.what C.chalk D.almost()4.A.jacket B.radio C.change D.hate()5.A.then B.invent C.ever D.eve

二、词汇与语法知识（共25小题；每题1.5分，共37.5分。）从每小题的四个选择项中，选出最佳的一项，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括号里。()6.A computer _______ think for itself;it must be told what to do.A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.might not()7.Don’t smoke in the meeting-room, ________? A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you()8.—Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet.The rooms ________.A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting()9.Alexander Graham Bell invented ________ telephone in 1876.A.B.a C.the D.one()10.We ________ each other the best of luck in the examination.A.hoped B.wanted C.expected D.wished()11.______!There’s a train coming.A.Look out B.Look around C.Look forward D.Look on()12.—Will somebody go and get Dr.White? —He’s already been _______.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for()13._______ he was old and sick did the enemy set him free.A.Until B.Not until C.Unless D.When()14.—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.—What do you suppose ________ to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happened()15.These players lost the game.They were ______ players.A.losing B.lost C.lose D.being lost()16.Mrs.Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive()17.—Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? —I don’t know, ________.A.nor don’t I care B.nor do I care C.I don’t care neither D.I don’t care also

()18.—How did you find your visit to the museum?

—I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was _______ than I expected.A.far more interesting B.even much interesting

C.so more interesting D.a lot much interesting

()19.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because _______ of us had ______ money on us.A.all;no B.any;no C.none;any D.no one;any

()20.On Saturday afternoon, Mrs.Green went to the market, ______ some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy

()21.These oranges taste ________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well

()22.The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.A.had written;left B.were writing;has left

C.had written;had left D.were writing;had left

()23.When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided

C.has not decided D.have not decided

()24.The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing

()25._______ any frogs when winter comes.A.You hardly can find B.Hardly you can find

C.You can find hardly D.Hardly can you find

()26.—The light in the office is still on.—Oh, I forgot ________.A.turning it off B.turn it off

C.to turn it off D.having turned it off

()27.The hero of the story is an artist in his ________.A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirty’s D.thirties

()28.No one can be sure ________ in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like

C.man will look like what D.what look will man like

()29.Without electricity human life _______ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be

()30.John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing

参考答案

一、语音知识

1．A 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D

二、词汇与语法知识

6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．B 18．A 19．C

20．A 21．A 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．C

27．D 28．A 29．D 30．A

三、完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，共30分。）

通读下面的短文，掌握其大意。从每小题的四个选项中选出可填入相应空白处的最佳选择，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。

I went there in 1948, no local planes in those days, so I made the trip by bus.It was a thousand kilometers long and it took twenty hours.I sat by a fellow about my own age, 24.He said his name was Karl Packer, but he told me _31__ anything else.He _32__ me because he had so little to say.No opinions, no memories, no tales to _33__.Had his home, his life, the war and so on _34__ no mark at all on him? It was very puzzling.I was glad when the pillows were _35__, and I could politely try to sleep.I _36__ I would never meet him again.The next time I went to Fairbum was in 1974.By _37__, of course.The president was going to “open” the new town, _38__ had taken twenty-six years to be _39_.I sat next to a man of about fifty, whose face was a book.I guessed he had something _40_ to tell me.The face was rough, brown and lined.There were _41__ of worry and of fear perhaps, two old scars.But _42__ them, and stronger, I saw success and power.I guessed he was the boss of _43__.Perhaps he hadn’t _44__ it big or hadn’t wanted it.He had done it well, no doubt.The thing had clearly _45__ him the power of decision, _46__.We started to talk … The next two hours were for me the most interesting and exciting that I remembered.I did not give a quarter as good as I got.He kept me _47__, open mouthed with wonder.Our plane _48__ at Fairbum.I _49__ his hand and thanked him for making the journey so pleasant.I told him my name.“The _50__ was mine,” he said, “I was Chief Engineer here at Fairbum until last year.I built the new town.Karl Packer is the name.Haven’t we met before somewhere?”

()31.A.hardly B.almost C.nearly D.mostly

()32.A.moved B.excited C.disappointed D.encouraged

()33.A.say B.speak C.tell D.talk

()34.A.kept B.stayed C.remained D.left

()35.A.set out B.given up C.given out D.sent off

()36.A.hoped B.considered C.imagined D.dreamed

()37.A.bus B.land C.air D.chance

()38.A.it B.that C.which D.this

()39.A.built B.made C.set D.founded

()40.A.good B.bad C.wrong D.old

()41.A.lots B.stories C.lines D.places

()42.A.on B.above C.over D.in

()43.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything

()44.A.expected B.wanted C.thought D.regarded

()45.A.taught B.offered C.gave D.showed

()46.A.command B.obey C.conclusion D.invention

()47.A.still B.busy C.quiet D.calm

()48.A.landed B.flew C.stopped D.fell

()49.A.snatched B.shook C.seized D.caught

()50.A.thank B.happiness C.excitement D.pleasure

四、阅读理解（共15小题；每题2分，共30分。）

阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选择项中选出最佳的一项，并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括号里。

A

Mike found that young birds in isolation could only make some simple sound.Mike learned that a young bird has to hear other old birds’ song during the period before it is seven weeks old.Then there is a long time until the next spring before the bird begins to sing.And when it does start, it needs to practise before it finally gets the song right.Further studies have proved that young birds do indeed need musical education.After several of the young birds raised in isolation were put together for about ten months, they learned from one another and finally could sing.The songs they sang, however, were quite different from the wild birds’.On the other hand, the young birds caught after their time was spent listening to the wild birds’ songs, knew how to sing.()51.Mike found the truth that _________.A.birds were born with the ability to sing

B.birds were born without the ability to sing

C.birds were born without the ability to make noises

D.birds were born without the ability to learn how to sing

()52.Young birds raised in isolation could only make some simple sound because ____.A.they had no choice but to do so

B.they couldn’t get the chance of practicing

C.they hadn’t heard the old birds’ song

D.they were too young to sing

()53.The bird begins to sing when _________.A.it is seven weeks old B.the next spring comes

C.it gets musical education D.it is very happy

()54.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A.Why do Birds Learn to Sing? B.When do Birds Learn to Sing?

C.How do Birds Learn to Sing? D.What do Birds Learn to Do?

B

Not many years ago, a wealthy and rather strange old man named Johnson lived alone in a village in the south of England.He had made a lot of money in trading with foreign countries.When he was seventy-five, he gave ￡ 1200 to the village school to buy land and equipment for a children’s playground.As a result of his kindness, many people came to visit him.Among them was a newspaperman.During their talk, Johnson remarked that he was seventy-five

and expected to live to be a hundred.The newspaperman asked him how he managed to be healthy at seventy-five.Johnson had a sense of humour(幽默).He liked whisky(威士忌酒)and drank some each day.“I have an injection(注射)in my neck each evening,” he told the newspaperman, thinking of his evening glass of whisky.The newspaperman did not understand what Johnson meant.In his newspaper he reported that Johnson was seventy-five and had a daily injection in his neck.Within a week Johnson received thousands of letters from all over Britain, asking him for the secret of his daily injection.()55.The gift of money to the school suggests that Johnson _________.A.had no children B.was a strange man

C.was very fond of children D.wanted people to know how rich he was

()56.Many people wrote to Johnson to find out ________.A.what kind of whisky he had B.how to live longer

C.how to become wealthy D.in which part of the neck to have an injection

()57.The newspaperman _________.A.should have reported what Johnson had told him

B.shouldn’t have asked Johnson what injection he had

C.was eager to live a long life

D.should have found out what Johnson really meant

()58.When Johnson said he had an injection in his neck each evening, he really meant that ________.A.he drank a glass of whisky in the evening

B.he needed an injection in the neck

C.a daily injection in the evening would make him sleep well

D.there was something wrong with his neck

C

Most great inventors often met with much trouble in their work.Before they could succeed, they had to overcome thousands of difficulties which were put in their way.The following is one of such examples.George Stephenson(1781~1848), a famous British inventor, made the first train in 1825, using a steam engine.When he was experimenting with the engine on the train, he met with troubles from the government, the newspapers and the gentlemen in the country.They said that the noise and the smoke would kill cows, horses and sheep, that the engine would burst or that the hot coals from it would set fire to their houses.People believed what they said.George Stephenson told the people that train could go on samll rails, could pull carriages full of goods and passengers and that there was no great danger to them.It was a very difficult matter for him to make them believe.However, after some time, he was able to do it, and the first train that was driven by Stephenson himself proved what he had said.On the train there was a new steam engine.It was invented by him, and was proved a complete success.The first day when the train ran on the rails, people along the way heard the noise of the train in the distance, and saw it running quickly to them.They thought it was a genie.They ran quickly back home for fear and closed their doors tightly.They did not dare to come out until it had passed.A week later an old woman still said that her hen had been so frightened that it hadn’t laid any eggs for three days.()59.The story tells us something about _________.A.the life of George Stephenson

B.the invention of the train

C.the trouble of Stephenson in his invention

D.the use of the engine on the train

()60.Troubles came from ________ during the experiment with the engine on the train.A.the government B.the newspapers

C.the gentlemen in the country D.Not only A and B, but also C

()61.People along the way were _______ when the first train ran on the rails.A.greatly frightened B.very happy

C.running quickly to it D.proud of the invention

()62.People ran quickly back home because they thought _______.A.a genie was coming B.the train would kill them

C.the train would set fire to their houses D.the smoke would choke them

D

King Albert of the Belgians was born in 1875.In his youth he studied engineering and was especially interested in ships and planes.One of his favorite sports was mountain climbing, and it was as a result of falling while out climbing that he died in 1934.He was 59.He is best remembered by the Belgians for his leadership during World War I, which broke out in 1914, only five years after he came into power.Belgium was officially a neutral country at the start of the war, but because the Germans could more easily attack France by crossing Belgium, they did not care about Belgium’s neutrality, and invaded it soon after the beginning of war.Albert realized that his small country had no chance of stopping the German army, but decided that rather than just surrender, the Belgian army should fight.Although almost the whole of their country was conquered, the Belgians, led by their king, continued to fight against the Germans throughout the full four years of the war.King Albert’s wife, Queen Elizabeth, also did her best for the country, working in an army hospital.There she did all kinds of work, from sweeping dirty floors to dressing the wounds of wounded soldiers.()63.When the war broke out, King Albert was ________.A.sure of victory and decided to fight on

B.not sure of victory and decided to fight on

C.certain of defeat and yet decided to fight on

D.not certain of victory and so decided not to fight on

()64.King Albert’s wife ________.A.was a doctor before she got married

B.worked as a nurse after the war

C.was willing to work at anything for her country

D.was too proud to do dirty work

()65.King Albert died ________.A.in a battle B.in an accident

C.in an army hospital D.in the war against Germany

参考答案

三、完形填空

31．A 32．C 33．C 34．D 35．C 36．A 37．C 38．C 39．A 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．A 45．A 46．A 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D

四、阅读理解

51．B 52．C 53．C 54．C 55．C 56．B 57．D 58．A 59．C 60．D 61．A 62．A 63．C 64．C 65．B

五、补全对话（共5句；每句满分为3分，共15分。）

根据文中提示，将对话中缺少的内容写在在线。这些句子必须符合英语表达习惯。打句号的地方，用陈述句；打问号的地方，用疑问句。

提示：小刘的录音机出了毛病，来找老赵，要求为他修理。老赵答应了并问小刘录音机有什么毛病，小刘说不知道。他说录音机昨天还正常，今天就坏了。老赵让他把录音机留下并说晚上为他修理。

Liu ：Sorry to trouble you, Lao Zhao.Something has gone wrong with my recorder._____________66______________?

Zhao：Certainly, but __________67_________?

Liu ：I don’t know._________68____________.Zhao：Just leave it here._________69___________.Liu ：Thank you for your help.Zhao：___________70____________.六、书面表达（共30分）

提示：假定你是李华，你和几个朋友约定星期天在人民公园野餐(to have a picnic)。你们的英国朋友Peter也应邀参加。请你根据下面的示意图，给他写封短信，告诉他们进公园后如何找到你们。

注意：（1）内容要点：

`从公园正门进 a进门后朝前走 b到小河过桥

c向右拐后朝前走 d绕/爬过小山 e我们在（湖畔）小树林里

（2）词数80—100。

（3）开头语已为你写好。

June 1st, 1998

Dear Peter，We’re so glad you’re coming to join us on Sunday.Here is how you can find us.答案：

五、补全对话

66．Could you repair / fix it for me

67．What’s wrong with it

68．It was all right yesterday, but today it won’t work

69．I’ll get it fixed this evening

70．You are welcome / Not at all

六、书面表达

June 1st, 1998

[高考必看]2005年成人高考英语模拟试卷 篇4

一、选择题：1～20小题，每小题2分。共40分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.下图(局部)是__________的书法名作。()

A.王羲之

B.王献之

C.张旭

D.柳公权

参考答案：A

2.下列画家中，__________是印象派的画家。()

A.达·芬奇

B.库尔贝

C.柯罗

D.莫奈

参考答案：D

3.“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”出自__________的词作。()

A.李清照

B.柳宗元

C.辛弃疾

D.苏轼

参考答案：D

4.“徽班晋京”促成了这一剧种的产生。()

A.昆曲

B.评剧

C.京剧

D.越剧

参考答案：C

5.巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》在创作风格上属于()

A.古典主义

B.自然主义

C.浪漫主义

D.批判现实主义

参考答案：D

6.《蓝色多瑙河》是__________作曲家约翰·施特劳斯的经典圆舞曲作品。()

A.美国

B.奥地利

C.匈牙利

D.罗马尼亚

参考答案：B

7.《伏尔加河纤夫》是俄罗斯巡回画派代表画家__________的名作。()

A.米勒

B.列宾

C.伦勃朗

D.康定斯基

参考答案：B

8.民乐《十面埋伏》是中国古代著名的__________曲。()

A.古琴

B.古筝

C.琵琶

D.扬琴

参考答案：C

9.《在那遥远的地方》、《达坂城的姑娘》等歌曲是由__________根据民间音乐创作的。()

A.施光南

B.王洛宾

C.谷建芬

D.雷振邦

参考答案：B

10.下列影片中，__________是反映苏联卫国战争的经典作品。()

A.《瓦尔特保卫萨拉热窝》

B.《珍珠港》

C.《这里的黎明静悄悄》

D.《卡萨布兰卡》

参考答案：C

11.西方现代舞的开创者之一是()

A.邓肯

B.乌兰诺娃

C.芳廷

D.普列谢茨卡娅

参考答案：A

12.雕像《掷铁饼者》的创作者是()

A.米隆

B.米开朗琪罗

C.罗丹

D.吕德

参考答案：A

13.狄德罗说：“只有在戏院的池座里，„„坏人会对自己所犯过的罪行表示愤慨，„„那个坏人走出了包厢，已比较不那么倾向于作恶了。”这段话表明了艺术——的审美效应。()

A.共鸣

B.净化

C.领悟

D.期待

参考答案：B

14.下列莎士比亚创作的戏剧作品中，属于喜剧类型的是()

A.《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

B.《麦克白》

C.《奥赛罗》

D.《威尼斯商人》

参考答案：D

15.世界文化遗产吴哥窟位于()

A.印度

B.泰国

C.柬埔寨

D.缅甸

参考答案：C

16.提出“间离效果”的演出方法。()

A.斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基

B.布莱希特

C.欧文

D.奥尼尔

参考答案：B

17.艺术的首要功能是()

A.认识功能

B.道德功能

C.审美功能

D.娱乐功能

参考答案：C

18.梅特林克的《青鸟》、《不速之客》等作品是__________戏剧的典型之作。()

A.荒诞派

B.象征派

C.写实派

D.印象派

参考答案：B

19.著名绘画作品《我们从哪里来，我们是谁，我们往哪里去》的作者是()

A.高更

B.凡·高

C.塞尚

D.毕加索

参考答案：A

20.朗香教堂是建于__________的现代建筑。()

A.法国

B.英国

C.荷兰

D.德国

参考答案：A

二、简答题：21～23小题。每小题10分。共30分。

21.简述艺术与道德的关系。

参考答案：道德是指人们在社会生活中形成的伦理观念和行为规范的总和。道德与艺术的联系相当紧密，一方面，一定社会的伦理道德总要通过艺术的内容和精神得以体现;另一方面，艺术以审美的方式对道德观念进行思考并加以表现，从而影响人们的道德观念。

22.结合“一千个读者有一千个哈姆雷特”这句话，简述艺术鉴赏的特性。

参考答案：

“一千个读者有一千个哈姆雷特”这句话，实际上是以形象的语言揭示了艺术鉴赏的特性。不同的人在观赏莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》时，都是依据自己的审美经验来进行的。由于每个人的人生经历、文化等方面的差异，对于作品中人物的理解和判断是不一样的。因此在每个人的心目中所形成的哈姆雷特形象是打上自己烙印再创造出来的，并不完全等同于莎士比亚的哈姆雷特，也有别于其他人心目中的哈姆雷特。

由此可见，艺术鉴赏是一种以艺术作品为对象、以受众为主体的欣赏活动，是接受者在审美经验基础上对艺术作品的价值、属性的主动选择、吸纳和扬弃。它是一种积极能动的再创造活动。

23.简述审美期待的内涵及其不同体现。

参考答案：

审美期待是艺术鉴赏的准备阶段，指的是接受主体在欣赏之前或欣赏过程中形成并希冀获得满足的一种审美需求。因为个人的和社会的、文化的原因，接受者的心里往往有一个既成的结构图式，正是这一图式促成了接受者审美需求的产生。

审美期待体现为文体期待、意象期待和意蕴期待。文体期待即指艺术鉴赏者由于艺术作品的类型或形式特征而引发的期待指向。意象期待即指接受者由于作品中特定的意象或形象而引发的期待指向。意蕴期待即指接受者由于作品呈现的深层的审美意蕴、人生哲理和情感境界而引发的期待指向。

三、作品赏析题：24～26小题。请任选其中两小题作答。若3小题都作答。只按前两小题的得分计入总分。每小题15分，共30分。要求陈述作品的作者及其国别(或地区)、时代，结合个人所学理论和审美体验阐述作品的基本内容，分析作品的形式特点和风格。

24.音乐作品：贝多芬的《第五交响曲(命运)》

参考答案：

贝多芬(1770--1827)是德国作曲家，维也纳古典乐派代表人物之一。

《第五交响曲(命运)》共分四个乐章。第一乐章充满了紧张急迫的力量感，第二乐章呈现出犹疑、沉思的气质，第三乐章转为轻快昂扬，富于乐观，最后以热烈辉煌的第四乐章表现与命运抗争的欢乐。整个作品情绪激昂、气魄宏大，鲜明地表达了人与命运抗争的主题，富有强烈的艺术感染力。贝多芬的一生也就是与命运抗争的一生。

整个作品结构严谨、完整、均衡，手法简练、形象生动、层次清晰，各乐章之间具有十分紧密的内在联系。乐曲采用从小调到大调，从弱奏到强奏以及相应的配器手法，成功地表达了“通过斗争走向胜利”的思想。

25.绘画作品：《清明上河图》

参考答案：

《清明上河图》是北宋著名风俗画家张择端的代表作品。

整个画卷展现了北宋都城汴梁汴河沿岸及东角门里市区清明时节的繁荣市井生活风貌。全画内容大体可分三段，卷首部分是郊区的农村风光;中间部分展示了以虹桥为中心的汴河及其两岸的手工业和商业贸易活动景象;最后则是城门内外的繁华街景，街道纵横交错，人流如织，车水马龙，各式店铺鳞次栉比，一派热闹景象。

《清明上河图》为绢本，横卷，长五米多，墨笔淡着色。全卷以全景式构图，笔法严谨精细。整幅长卷充满戏剧性的情节和引人入胜的细节，有铺垫，有起伏，有高潮。《清明上河图》以其内容的丰富性、高度的历史真实性和艺术表现的生动真切，成为我国古代绘画史上的杰作。

26.戏剧作品：《雷雨》

参考答案：

《雷雨》创作于1933年，是中国现代著名作家曹禺的第一部多幕话剧，也是其代表作之一。该剧奠定了曹禺在中国话剧史上杰出的现实主义作家的地位，同时也标志着中国话剧艺术的成熟。

《雷雨》通过周朴园一家的家庭悲剧，反映了19世纪末至20世纪20年代近30年中社会生活的复杂情境。该剧成功地塑造了周朴园、侍萍、繁漪等极富魅力的艺术形象。尤其是对新旧交替时代不同年龄、不同阶层的女性形象的塑造和刻画，最见作者非凡的洞察力和表现力，而在对她们的性格和命运描写的同时，作者更将批判的锋芒指向社会和时代，探究更为深层的问题，思考人性、自由等主题与中国现实的密切关系。

《雷雨》深受西方悲剧观念的影响，是中国话剧史上的悲剧杰作。该剧结构严谨，时间、空间和人物关系的处理上，既符合规范，又极见作者独具的匠心。情节曲折起伏，扣人心弦。人物关系复杂，现实与历史错综交织，而情节线索却清晰无比，在紧张、尖锐的戏剧冲突中，整个剧情被推向最高潮，也恰好是故事的结尾。极富个性化的人物对白也是该剧的一大特色和成就。

四、论述题：27～28小题，每小题25分，共50分。

27.“江馆清秋，晨起看竹，烟光露影雾气皆浮动于疏枝密枝之间。胸中勃勃，遂有画意。其实胸中之竹并不是眼中之竹也。于是展纸磨墨，落笔倏作变相。手中之竹又不是胸中之竹也。”

请结合郑板桥的这一创作经验，阐述艺术创作过程的三个阶段。

参考答案：

(1)艺术创造是一个复杂的过程，从逻辑上，这一过程可以分为艺术体验、艺术构思和艺术表现三个阶段;而在实践中，三个阶段表现为连续的和不可分割的整体。

①艺术体验是艺术创作的准备阶段。它是创造主体在长期积淀的审美经验的基础上，充分调动情感、想象、联想等心理要素，对特定的审美对象进行审视、体味和理解的过程。艺术体验通常包含三部分：材料的储备和审美经验的积累;审美发现和审美领悟的发生;创造欲望的萌动及动机的生成。

②艺术构思是指艺术创作者在艺术体验的基础上，以特定的创作动机为引导，通过各种心理活动和特定的艺术思维方式，对原始素材进行加工、提炼、组合，在头脑中形成艺术意象的过程。艺术意象是艺术创作者的审美情感与客观事物相融合的产物。

③艺术表现是指艺术创作者选择并运用特定的艺术语言，将自己艺术构思中已经基本形成的艺术意象最终呈现为物态的存在，使之成为具体可感的艺术形象或艺术情境。在艺术表现的过程中，主体审美倾向逐渐明确，艺术语言得到锤炼，艺术意蕴得到升华。

(2)郑板桥这段话形象地描述了艺术创作的过程。首先，“眼中之竹”即是艺术体验的阶段，创作者将客体世界作为体验的对象加以把握;其次，“胸中之竹”是艺术构思的成果，它不是客观世界的机械再现，而是经过创作者再创造的产物;第三，“手中之竹”是艺术表现的最终结果，是艺术意象的物态化。

(3)结合材料作出分析。

28.关于艺术作品的内容与形式之间的关系，有过许多不同观点，如：形式主义者认为形式是艺术作品的生命，而相反的观点则认为内容才是艺术作品的灵魂。歌德说“一个完整体向世界说话”。请阐明艺术作品是内容与形式的统一这一理论，并简评上述观点。

参考答案：

(1)①艺术作品的内容，是指经过艺术家体验、加工和创造的人类生活，其中既包含着对客观存在的一定社会生活的能动反映，又凝聚着艺术家对一定社会生活的感受和评价，融人艺术家的知、情、意。在具体艺术作品中，艺术内容主要指题材、主题、人物、环境、情节等诸多要素的总和{题材和主题是艺术内容的主要要素。

②艺术作品的形式，是指艺术作品内容的存在方式，亦即作品的内部联系和外部表现形态。其内部联系表现为内部形式，包括内容诸要素之间的相互联系和组织方式，主要指结构;其外部表现形态呈现为外部形式，即表现内容的方式和手段，包括艺术语言、艺术手法、类型、体裁等。

③艺术作品的内容和形式是不可分割的有机体。在艺术创作中，内容常常起到主导的作用，形式的选择应以是否适应内容的需要为原则;但同时，形式又呈现相对的独立性，它不仅具有独立的审美价值，而且艺术形式的择取与变化，可以直接影响和制约内容的审美价值的实现。艺术作品内容与形式的和谐统一才能充分体现艺术魅力。

(2)形式主义者片面追求形式，这会使艺术成为空洞、无灵魂的表面现象，从而丧失艺术应有的感染力。而忽视贬低形式的观点同样是片面的，简陋的形式将直接影响内容的表达，失去艺术应有的吸引力。歌德的观点正确地表明，艺术作品应当是由完美的艺术形式和深刻的艺术内容共同构成的，这样的作品才能够得到人们的认可。

[高考必看]2005年成人高考英语模拟试卷 篇5

2011年成人高考语文模拟试题(二)

一、选择题(本大题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分。在每小题给出的4个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的，把所选项前的字母填在题后括号内)

1、“五十步笑百步”这个成语源自()

A.《庄子》

B.《韩非子》

C.《孟子》

D.《论语》

2、下列各句中，“数”字作“计算”义解的是()

A.此其过江河之流，不可为量数

B.成败之数，视此而已

C.必有数次乃至十数次之阻力

D.数罟不入洿池

3、《史记》的作者是()

A.司马迁

B.左丘明

C.班固

D.范晔

4、冰心在《往事》一文中，用什么形象的特征象征人的品格()

A.灯光

B.大海

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C.道路

D.蜜蜂

5、“山不厌高，水不厌深”一句的作者是()

A.陶渊明

B.李白

C.曹操

D.司马迁

6、下列作品中，属于编年体历史着作的是()

A.《左传》

B.《史记》

C.《汉书》

D.《国语》

7、《虞美人》(春花秋月何时了)一词的作者是()

A.柳永

B.李清照

C.苏轼

D.李煜

8、《种树郭橐驼传》一文中“故不我若也”一句从语法上看属于()

A.被动句

B.判断句

C.宾语前置

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D.双宾语句

9、《蜀相》是一首()

A.五律

B.七绝

C.七律

D.七古

10、说“今日一天，当明日两天”的哲人是()

A.亚里土多德

B.培根

C.耶曼孙

D.斯宾诺莎

11、郁达夫《故都的秋》所写的“故都”是今天的()

A.北京

B.南京

C.西安

D.开封

12、《心灵的灰烬》一文的作者傅雷是我国着名的()

A.文学家

B.科学家

C.翻译家

D.美学家

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13、下列诗作中，属于乐府旧题的是()

A.《关山月》

B.《饮酒》

C.《短歌行》

D.《国殇》

14、《米龙老爹》在叙述方法上的特点是()

A.顺叙方式和第一人称和第三人称叙述方式交互使用

B.顺叙之中有插叙和第三人称叙述方式

C.倒叙方式和第一人称叙述方式

D.倒叙方式和第一人称与第三人称叙述方式交互使用

15、在先秦诸子中，文风以想像丰富、词藻瑰丽、汪洋恣肆而着称的是()

A.孟子

B.庄子

C.韩非子

D.墨子

二、填空题(本大题共10个小题，每小题1分，共10分。把答案填在题中横线上)

16、“茕茕子立，形影相吊”一语出自《_________》。

17、《五代史伶官传序》的作者是___________。

18、描写大体可归纳为人物描写和___________描写两大类。

19、《季氏将伐颛臾》中的季氏是春秋时___________国的贵族。

20、《马伶传》的作者是___________。

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21、小说《苦恼》的主人公是一名名叫____________的马车夫。

22、苏轼《水调歌头》词：“____________，何似在人间。”

23、王昌龄《从军行》诗：“黄沙百战穿金甲，_____________。”

24、李商隐《无题》词：“_____________，东风无力百花残。”

25、《行路难》中表现诗人远大抱负的两句诗是“___________，____________。”

三、词语解释题(解释句中加点词的词义。本大题共10个小题，每小题1分，共10分)

26、五亩之宅，树之以桑。

树：

27、对酒当歌，人生几何?

当：

28、举地千里，至今治强。

治：

29、蕲胜于人而取于人耶?

蕲：

30、士而不无言耻，则为无本之人。

本：

31、邻国之民不加少，寡人之民不加多。

加：

32、但为君故，沉吟至今。

但：

33、吾文士也，职于文而已。

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职：

34、于是不能期年，千里之马至者三。

期年：

35、无远不到，到则披草而坐。

披：

四、翻译题(将下列各小题中画线的部分译成现代汉语。本大题共5个小题，每小题2分，共10分)

36、王无罪岁，斯天下之民至焉。(《寡人之于国也》)

王无罪岁：

37、当是时，弃城而图存者，不可一二数;擅强兵而坐观者，相环也。(《张中丞传后叙》)

擅强兵而坐观者：

38、汉下广吏，吏当广所失之多，为虏所生得，当斩。(《李将军列传》)

汉下广吏：

39、顺流而东行，至于北海，东面而视，不见水端。(《秋水》)

东面而视：

40、颖考叔，纯孝也。爱其母，施及庄公。《诗》曰：“孝子不匮，永锡尔类。”其是之谓乎!(《郑伯克段于鄢》

其是之谓乎：

五、简答题(本大题共5个小题，每小题4分，共20分)

41、如何理解韩愈“惟陈言之务去”的写作主张?

42、概括《张中丞传后叙》中许远、南霁云、张巡的性格特征。

43、简述《爱尔克的灯光》向读者展示了哪两条完全不同的人生道路?

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44、《饮酒》(其五)一诗表现了陶渊明怎样的人生态度和思想情绪?

45、为什么说小说《苦恼》采用了人与马相对比、人与马相对应的表现手法?

六、分析题(本大题共10个小题，46~50每小题4分，51~55每小题3分，共35分)

(一)阅读《张中丞传后叙》中的一段话，回答文后问题。

二公之贤，其讲之精矣。余一城，扞天下，以千百就尽之卒，战百万日滋之师，蔽遮江淮，沮遏其势，天下之不亡，其谁之功也?当是时，弃城而图存者，不可一二数;擅强兵坐而观者，相环也。不追议此，而责二公以死守，亦见其自比于逆乱，设淫辞而助之攻也。

46、这段话可分几层?概括各层大意。

47、指出“以千百就尽之卒，战百万日滋之师”两句中的主要对比成分。

48、指出这段话的抒情特点。

(二)阅读《杜陵臾》全诗，回答文后问题。

杜陵叟，杜陵居，岁种薄田一顷余。三月无雨旱风起，麦苗不秀多黄死。九月降霜秋早寒，禾穗未熟皆青干。长吏明知不申破，急敛暴征求考课。典桑卖地纳官租，明年衣食将何如?剥我身上帛，夺我口中粟。虐人害物即豺狼，何必钩爪锯牙食人肉。不知何人奏皇帝，帝心恻隐知人弊。白麻纸上书德音，京畿尽放今年税。昨日里胥方到门，手持尺牒榜乡村。十家租税九家毕，虚受吾君蠲免恩。

49、此诗揭露了当时怎样的社会现象?

50、此诗表达了诗人怎样的思想感情?

51、此诗人称上的变化有何好处?

(三)阅读《灯下漫笔》中的一段话，回答文后问题。

我们在目前，还可以亲见各式各样的筵宴，有烧烤，有翅席，有便饭，有西餐。但茅檐下也有淡饭，路傍也有残羹，野上也有饿莩;有吃烧烤的身价不资的阔人，也有饿得垂死的每斤八文的孩子。所谓中国文明者，其实不过是安排给阔人享用的筵宴。所谓中国者，其实不过是安排这人肉的筵宴的厨房。

52、这段话揭示了当时中国怎样的社会现实?

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53、本段议论中采用了哪几种修辞手法?

(四)阅读《论快乐》中的一段，回答文后问题。

穆尔曾把“痛苦的苏格拉底”和“快乐的猪”比较。假如猪真知道快乐，那么猪和苏格拉底也相去无几了。猪是否能快乐得像人，我们不知道;但是人会容易满足得像猪，我们是常见的。把快乐分肉体的和精神的两种，这是最糊涂的分析。一切快乐的享受都属于精神的，尽管快乐的原因是肉体上的物质刺激。小孩子初生下来，吃饱了奶就乖乖地睡，并不知道什么是快活，虽然它身体感觉舒服。缘故是小孩子的精神和肉体还没有分化，只是混沌的星云状态。洗一个澡，看一朵花，吃一顿饭，假使你觉得快活，并非全因为澡洗得干净，花开得好，或者菜合你口味，主要因为你心上没有挂念，轻松的灵魂可以专注肉体的感觉，来欣赏，来审定。要是你精神不痛快，像将离别的筵席，随它怎样烹调得好，吃来只是土气息、泥滋味。那时刻的灵魂，仿佛害病的眼怕见阳光、撕去皮的伤口怕接触空气，虽然空气和阳光都是好东西。快乐时的你，一定是心无愧作。假如你犯罪而真觉快乐，你那时候一定和有道德有修养的人同样心安理得。有最洁白的良心，跟全没有良心或有最漆黑的良心，效果是相等的。

54、从上面一段文字看来，作者所论证的人生哲理是什么?

55、总结这段文字的写作特点。

七、作文(50分)

56、题目：甜与苦

要求：A.必须写成议论文。

B.不少于800字。