过去分词与现在分词的被动结构的用法比较

过去分词与现在分词的被动结构的用法比较（精选5篇）

过去分词与现在分词的被动结构的用法比较 篇1

1.现在分词被动完成式 having been done

它只能做状语,不能做后置定语(这一点楼主千万要注意)

它做状语时,与句子的主语构成主动/主谓的关系,即该动作也是由句子主语主动发出的.不要被过去分词所诱惑.只不过是因为它用到了完成形式,而完成形式是要出现过去分词的,但由having可以看出还是主语发出的主动动作.之所以用完成形式,是因为这个动作明显发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前.如: Having graduated from university, he worked in that company for 3 years.毕业(graduate)和句子主语he是主动/主谓关系,并非被动!

过去分词与现在分词的被动结构的用法比较 篇2

1. 作定语

1) 持续性动词过去分词和及物动词现在分词的被动式都可以当定语, 但两者在时间关系上是有差别的。如果定语所表示的动作是在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生或者是没有一定的时间性, 一般用过去分词。例如:

This is his written promise.

这是他的书面保证。

I have got a radio made in shanghai.

我买了一台上海的收音机。

如果定语所表示的动作在说话时正在进行或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生, 则一般用现在分词的被动式。例如:

The bike being repaired is mine.

正在修理的那辆自行车是我的。

The problem being discussed is of vital important.

正在讨论的问题极其重要。

2) 现在分词被动式当定语一般只能置于被修饰的名词之后。例如:

Is this book being written?

这是那本正在写着的书吗?

The house being built is our reading-room.

正在修建的房子是我们的阅览室。

3) 短暂性动词的过去分词可以作定语, 短暂性动词的现在分词被动式一般不可作定语。例如:

Right:The book bought yesterday is very interting.

Wrong:The book being boughtyesterday is very interesting.

4) 不及物动词的过去分词可以作定语, 表示主动的、完成的意思。例如:

He is the comrade come from Beijing.

他便是那位北京来的同志。

The escaped prisoners were captured.

那些逃跑的罪犯被抓获了。

2. 作宾语补足语

1) 在使役动词have, get等后一般用过去分词而不用现在分词被动式。例如:

I must have these printed.

我一定得让人把这些东西印好。

Have you had your watch stolen?

你的表被人偷了吗?

2) 在感观动词see, hear, feel, find等后作宾补的分词, 如果表示完成意思的就用过去分词, 如果表示说话时正在进行的动作, 或是与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的被动式。例如:

I find his room cleaned.

我发现他的房间打扫过了。

I heard the song being sung.

我听到有人在唱那支歌。

3. 作状语

过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可以作状语。例如:

Combined with practice, the theory is easy to learn.

理论只有与实践相结合, 才容易学到。

Being combined with practice, th theory is easy to learn.

但是在这种情况下, 过去分词用得较多, 现在分词被动式用得甚少。如果强调这个动作是此刻正在进行的, 或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的, 我们可以用现在分词的被动式形式。例如:

Being asked to sing af song, she couldn’t very well refuse.

有人请她唱支歌, 她不好拒绝。

Being protected by a tombstone he felt be was quite safe.

有墓碑掩护着, 他感到很安全。

注意:如果这个动作先于谓语动词表示的动作, 可以用完成时的被动式。例如:

Having been experimented several times, this new product wil be put into mass production.

经过数次试验后, 这种新产品将投入批量生产。

Having been invited to speak, I’ll start marking preparations tomorrow.

由于应邀讲话, 明天我将开始作准备。

如果不强调这个动作的时间性, 可用过去分词。例如:

Confined to bed, he needed to be waited on in everything.

他卧病在床, 什么事都需要伺候。

United as one, they are fighting a battle.

他们团结得象一个人一样进行战斗。

4. 作表语

及物动词和不及物动词的过去分词都可以作表语, 但现在分词被动式不可作表语。如可以说:He is married.而不能说The tree is fallen.可以说:He is being married.而不能说:The tree is being fallen.

动名词与现在分词的用法比较 篇3

一、动名词

(一)形式:doing

它的用法:与名词的用法相当,可充当除谓语动词和状语以外的其他句子成分。

1. 作句子的主语

Reading French is easier than speaking it. 读法语比说法语容易。

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

2. 作动词的宾语

(1)后面可以跟动名词的常用动词有:admit, enjoy, miss, escape, pardon, avoid, excuse, prevent, postpone, consider, finish, delay, imagine, deny, keep, involve, resist, risk, dislike, mind, forgive, can’t stand, can’t help等。如:

Do you enjoy teaching? 你喜欢教学工作吗?

(2)“动词+形容词性物主代词(人称代词宾格)+动名词形式”。如:

He dislikes my (me) working late. 他不喜欢我工作到深夜。

3. 作介词的宾语

(1)如果把动词直接放在介词后面,就必须用动名词。如:

What about taking a rest now?现在休息一会儿好不好?

(2)在动词短语后接动名词。常见的有:be good at, be fond of, be proud of, be accused of, be charged with, be interested in, be tired of, care for, give up, keep on, leave off, look forward to, put off, see about, take to, devote to, stick to, feel like, be used to, be accustomed to等。如:

He insisted on seeing her. 他坚持要见她。

He is used to working at night. 他习惯在夜里工作。

4. 作定语

walking stick(手杖), writing desk(写字台)

5. 作表语

His favorite sport is playing football. 他喜爱的运动是踢足球。

(二)动名词的完成式:having done

He was accused of having deserted his ship. 他被控弃船逃跑。

He denied having been there. 他否认曾经到过那儿。

(三)动名词的语态:

1. 被动语态一般式:being done;被动语态完成式:having been done。如:

I remembered being taken to Paris as a small child。

我还记得自己是个小孩子时被带到巴黎去的情景。

The safe showed no signs of having been touched. 保险箱看不出有人动过的痕迹。

2. 动名词主动形式代替被动形式。如:

(1)“主语+want(need, require, deserve)+doing”形式。

The radio wants repairing. 此句相当于:The radio wants to be repaired.

(2)“主语+be worth doing”形式。

The book is (well) worth reading again. 这本书值得再读一遍。

二、现在分词

(一)现在分词的主动式:doing。

它的用法:与形容词和副词的用法大体相当

1. 作定语

running water(自来水)。

2. 构成现在进行时

It was raining heavily last night. 昨晚一直下着大雨。

3. 作宾语补足语

I smell something burning. 我闻到东西燃烧的气味。

4. 作状语

现在分词作状语,一般表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况。现在分词很少作目的和结果状语。

(1)现在分词短语作状语可以取代一个句子或主句。如:

She went out, slamming the door. 此句相当于:

She slammed the door and went out. 她砰地关上门,走了。

(2)现在分词短语作状语可以代替从句。

①现在分词可以代替as, since, because引导的原因状语从句。如:

Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight. 此句相当于:

As he feared…他怕警察会认出他来,因此白天他从不外出。

②现在分词可以代替时间状语从句。如:

Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 此句相当于:

When they heard the bad news, … 当他们听到这个坏消息时,他们忍不住哭了。

(二)现在分词的完成式:having done

Having failed twice, he didn’t want to try again. 已经失败了两次,他不想再试了。

(三)现在分词的被动语态:being done

如果一个及物动词作定语,既要表达进行意味,又要表达被动意味时,用此形式。如:

The question being discussed is very important. 正(被)讨论的问题十分重要。

三、一些注意点

(一)动名词和现在分词充当定语时的区别

1. 动名词充当定语,通常用来表示所修饰词的用途。如:

fishing-rod(钓鱼竿),diving-board(跳板),dining-room(餐厅、食堂)

2. 现在分词充当定语,所修饰的词与分词在逻辑上构成主谓关系。如:

dripping taps(滴水的龙头),growing crops(生长中的庄稼),developing country(发展中国家)

(二)动名词和现在分词充当表语时的区别

动名词作表语:主要是表示主语的具体内容,主语和表语的位置常常可以互换;现在分词作表语:主要是表示主语的特点和所处的状态,主语和表语的位置不可以互换。如:

My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。此句相当于:

Teaching English is my job. (动名词作表语,表示主语my job的内容,表语和主语的位置可以互换。)

The film is disappointing. 这部电影真令人失望。(现在分词作表语,表示主语the film的性质、特点,不能和主语互换。)

(三)作表语用的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别

作表语用的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质,进行时态的现在分词表示主语正在进行的动作。如:

The situation in our country is encouraging. (系表结构)我国的形势鼓舞人心。

The situation in our country is encouraging the people. (现在进行时)

我国的形势正鼓舞着人民。

另外,在现在分词作表语的结构中,可以用其他系动词来代替be,但在进行结构中,则不可以。因为现在进行时的句型必须是“be+v.-ing”形式。如:

The news is surprising. 这个消息很惊人。此句相当于:

The news sounds surprising. 这个消息听起来挺惊人的。

(四)分词短语作定语时,和定语从句一样,也有限定性和非限定性两种。限定性定语前后没有逗号,非限定性分词短语有逗号,有时两种形式有很大的区别。如:

His brother working as a teacher lives in Tianjin.此句相当于:

His brother who works as a teacher lives in Tianjin. 他当老师的哥哥住在天津。(他不止一个兄弟)

His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Tianjin.

过去分词与现在分词的被动结构的用法比较 篇4

我首先注意到的是这屋子里的气味。

The smell of the sea took him back to his childhood.

大海的气味使他回想起孩提时代。

He took one smell of the liquid and his eyes began to water.

他闻了一下那种液体，就流起泪来了。

The smell of the sea carried her back to her childhood.

大海的.气息勾起了她童年的回忆。

The smell made me want to throw up.

现在分词作状语的用法 篇5

Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.

他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。

My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.

我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。

The child fell，striking his head against the door.

小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。

In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。

Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom.

因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。

②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that(假设)等。如：

Talking of this film, it’s wonderful.

说到这部电影，好极了。

Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?

假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办?

Judging by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today.

根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。