高考作文指导三(精选8篇)
如何写好考场记叙文
陈解仁
目标:
1、让学生明白当下高考作文文体训练的必要性;
2、让学生直观感受记叙文,明白考场记叙文的基本写法。重点:目标2 课时安排:2课时 教学过程:
一、导语:2010年高考江西语文卷的作文是以“找回童年”为题,同学们还能记得第一个作文要求是什么?
明确:文体限制要求,必须写议论文或记叙文。
二、近几年高考江西卷作文“文体要求”回顾(1)08年的书信体(2)09年议论文
(3)今年的议论文或记叙文
三、文体训练的必要性
高考一向倡导开放性和开拓创新性,以人为本,不人为地设置障碍束缚学生,作文题也如此。为何最近几年江西卷在作文文体要求这么较真? 1、99—06年话题作文风靡高考,不能不说它起到了应有历史性作用,涌现许多优秀的高考满分作文,也得到了专家和社会的认可,但与此同时,出现了不少问题,套作,速构,四不像的作文,屡见不止,影响延伸到实际课堂的作文教学偏废作文本位训练,偏离正常作文教学和作文训练轨道,很多同学对文体意识很淡漠甚至是无知。现在中学生写作大多是信马由缰,古今中外,无病呻吟,堆彻文字,千篇一律。
2、高考的功能之一——导向性。而江西语文卷无论是知识能力题还是作文题这一点表现尤为突出,作文题这几年命题者意图非常明确,其中之一就是重视回归作文本位教学,注重文体意识,不难说明年的新课标下的作文会发生多大变化,但是我们作文训练还应“稳”字当头,作文教学和作文训练要从实着手,所以今天我们这节课先从高考常见要求文体之一记叙文说起,和大家一起探讨如何写好考场记叙文。
四、高考考场记叙文写法要求:三个“必须”+四个“做到”(1)必须有一个相对完整的故事情节(记叙文成熟标志)(2)必须有一两个比较清晰的人物形象(记叙文的核心)
(3)必须以记叙、描写主为。(结尾部分允许适宜、恰当的抒情或议论)文1:《妈妈的手》
注意了以上三点,文字通顺,结构完整,一般可得中等分数。怎样尽可能地发挥自己记叙文写作的潜能和优势,使自己的作文成为优秀的记叙文呢?还应做到以下几点:
(4)真实(生活真实,艺术真实)真挚情感(记叙文的生命)文2《愧疚》、文3《父亲》
如果我们生活真实中只有白菜、萝卜,千万记得设法放一点生活味精——感人的细节,巧妙情节设置,否则,一锅“青菜萝卜汤”,谁喝了也乏味。
(5)抓住细节,情节精巧(感人的必要因素)文3《父亲》
文4《妈妈的手》(6)善用修辞、句式。文2《愧疚》最后一段。(7)主题鲜明,意蕴深刻。文2《愧疚》
文4《妈妈的手》
五、作业布置,记叙文训练
材料1,鲜花张开小喇叭感谢细雨:“是你把我滋润得这般俊俏,这般美丽。”细雨闪着眸子说道:“说感谢还得先感谢春风妈妈,是她让我这么做的。”
材料2,稻田里,一派丰收景象,一个个稻穗长得非常饱实,是他们的头都垂得很低,眼睛总是望着根底。
要求:
1、发挥合理想象,以“如果没有_____”为题,写一篇记叙文;
2、记叙文的内容与材料寓意一致;
【文题】
根据以下材料, 选取角度, 自拟题目, 写一篇不少于800字的文章;文体不限, 诗歌除外。
有人说, 没有什么是不朽的, 只有青春是不朽的。也有人说, 青年人不相信有朝一日会老去, 这种感觉其实是天真的, 我们自欺欺人地抱有一种像自然一样长存不朽的信念。
【题意解读】
表面看来, 这是围绕“青春”、“朽”与“不朽”的两段话语材料, 究其本质是关于生命“朽与不朽”的终结拷问, 是一道高度聚焦而又颇富哲学意味的智慧命题。
“有人说”的内容由两个分句组成, 其基本价值判断相当明晰, 可作如此解读:在物质层面, 没有什么是不朽的;而精神层面的青春等是可以不朽的。
“也有人说”的内容由三个分句组成。
第一分句, “青年人不 相信有朝 一日会老去”, 这是承“有人说”而来的概括和判断, 至少有三层含义:一是持“只有青春是不朽的”观点的只是“青年人”;二是“青年人”之所以这样认为, 是因为他们“不相信”年轻的自己“有朝一日会老去”;三是青年人所说的“青春不朽”是指“容颜”“身体”等。
第二分句, “这种感觉其实是天真的”, 这是建立在前一句概括和判断基础上的进一步引申和推导, 青年人“不相信有朝一日会老去”, 只是一种“感觉”, 而不是“知觉”和“觉解”;只是一种“天真”, 而不是“科学”和“理性”。
第三分句, 悄悄转换了对象, 变为“我们”, 我们抱有一种“像自然一样长存不朽”的信念;这种看法是自欺欺人的。
现列简表示意如下:
第一句, 强调了“精神”, 故曰“青春不朽”;
第二句, 强调了“身体”, 故曰“青春亦朽”。
析之, 此题“哲理性材料”的焦点在于:“青春, 朽与不朽?!”
考生可以自己“选取角度”, 所以只要抓住“朽”或“不朽”, 从“青春”“生命”等话题入手, 进行记叙或议论, 均属切题。
【优秀作文展评】
【记叙文】
朽叶的栀子花
江苏一考生
小城深处有条老巷。明晃晃黄醺醺的光蔓延一路, 点亮了一个城市的古老温情。
相属的板车, 彼伏的吆喝, 一路的葱蒜, 噼噼啪啪的煎油声, 勾着所有途经的味蕾, 而女人的店也在其中。
女人是卖锅贴的。煎到外酥里嫩, 香气四溢, 搁到蓝印花的小碟中, 浇一层香醋, 撒一圈葱花, 待到轻咬一口, 却是意料之 外的香甜 之感, 隐隐间又有些青春独有的青涩。
在旁人眼里, 女人不过是个有些瘦削的老太太, 可我只想用“女人”这个含着少女的甜蜜和妇人的成熟的代称。女人爱美, 每次见她, 总是抹了脂粉搽了口红, 似乎想留下青春的最后一点尾巴。女人爱笑, 笑起来眼角会轻轻颤颤, 不招不摇, 温婉而妥帖。煎锅贴时, 她总是打扮得一丝不苟, 有点“盛装端热油”的味道, 远远看去竟像是从《蒹葭》里走出的那位如水女子。
我迷惑于女人身上青春娇美端方的气息, 沉迷于女人手下青涩而有些 甜蜜的锅 贴。恰巧, 女人是我同学的祖母, 一经询问, 方知锅贴里藏着栀子和苹果混合的酱料。而女人原是那个十里洋场的大户之女, 几经辗转方暂栖于这个闭塞的小城, 操持着祖业依然优雅地活着。
一时间, 我心中充溢着难以言说的震惊和恍然。震惊于加花酱的匠心, 恍然于女人身上的不朽之气。一个会在锅贴里加花酱的女子, 岂会敌不过时光的蹉跎?当岁月爬 上她的鬓角, 风霜侵蚀她的容颜, 她依然爱着美, 爱着生活, 像年轻时一样雅致而细腻, 如此, 岂会老去?
时常去女人的小摊, 站在一边我不语, 女人亦不言。我呆呆地看她熟练地翻煎, 温婉地浅笑, 不卑地招呼, 沉溺于女人那一汪如碧水般的不朽之气里。夕阳西下, 女人美得如一幅古仕女图。
我时常迷惑于青春与不朽。以为青春必是光洁明艳, 不朽必是巍巍如高山之 巅, 仰不可攀。然而, 看到女人身上混杂着与年龄不符的青春之气, 我方有些体悟。有时候, 心的柔软与细腻远胜过形貌。没有人活在保鲜膜中, 没有人会永葆青春, 但做一个心思细腻、热爱生活的人, 时光永远会厚爱你几分;而如此, 何尝不是另一种静水流深的不朽?
想起女人, 就想起一枝搁在蓝印花碟中的带露栀子。或许叶子有些许腐朽, 但花瓣仍是一如既往地柔软。
【评析】这是一篇跳动着诗心、洋溢着画意的记叙文。“诗心”在于一个“有些瘦削的老太太”, 却“想留下青春的最后一点尾巴”。正是因为有了这颗青春的“诗心”, 才洋溢出盎然的“画意”:那巷、那人、那锅贴。“那巷”“点亮了一个城市的古老温情”;“那人”打扮一丝不苟, 举止优雅大方;“那锅贴”馅里加着花酱, 搁在蓝印花碟中。这个“身上混杂着与年龄不符的青春之气”的女人向我们昭示的是生活深层底蕴:韶光易逝, 但只要柔软、细腻的“诗心”常在, 则“青春”永远不朽, 人生处处溢“画意”。有“诗心”, 方有“神”之韵;有“画意”, 方有“形”之雅;形神兼备, 方有“人”之静水流深。
【散文】
青春逝去, 青春不朽
江苏一考生
我想, 草籽枕头的青春, 姨婆的青春和村庄的青春, 大概是一起逝去的。
譬如当姨婆掉落第一颗牙齿, 村里倒下了第一幢年久失修的老屋;当无人问津的草籽枕头因姨婆的日夜摩挲而终于破裂, 村里的人也像枕头里的 稗草籽一 样哗哗流 去, 散落四方……
如果我们就把这叫作老去, 那什么能被称为青春?
在姨婆一口健壮整齐的牙齿能干净利落地咬断草茎时, 我想她是青春的;在她能每天早上四点半利落地爬起, 与村庄里的女人们叽叽喳喳热热闹闹地去收草籽时, 我想她是青春的;在我每年都换上的新草籽枕头散发出草木与大地干净而辛辣的气息时, 我想它是青春的;在村庄还鸡鸣狗吠, 热闹非凡时, 我想它是青春的……
记忆中最清晰的 是姨婆早 上出门时 的背影。彼时她年轻如斯, 活力如斯, 蹑手蹑脚地打开那扇老旧的木门。可我每次都会在木门的吱呀声中醒来, 然后看到她梳着一个大辫子的挺直的背影和门缝中微露的一条狭长的晨曦。从孟夏到深冬, 那天晨曦从微红变作深紫, 从二十岁到四十岁, 姨婆的背影从挺直变得微躬……
站在姨婆的墓前, 我撒下一把清香的草籽。肝癌夺走了她还不算太老的生命。可我知道, 当村子里的人都千方百计地奔向城市, 奔向羽绒枕头, 姨婆就已不可能回到她的青春了。
回望身后, 曾经长满稗草的湿润小径上尘土飞扬。宽阔的水泥路上, 新建的小洋楼里, 新的村里人们, 抑或是半个城里人们, 开着汽车, 枕着羽绒枕头, 过着他们不一样的青春。
心中莫名其妙产生一种释然。
没有人永远不会老去, 可永远有人正在年轻。我曾经那么固执地想抓住的, 不过是我心中姨婆的青春, 村庄的青春。他们的青春逝去了, 但仍可在我心中不朽;而另一群人, 亦在延续属于他们的, 村庄新的青春。
再一次枕上姨婆留下的草籽枕头, 耳边适时传来窸窸窣窣的声响, 仿佛那些草木仍在枕头中拔节生长。经冬历春, 枕中却封存一段岁月, 永老去。老旧的棉布轻抚我的脸, 一如姨婆温暖的手。外面传来汽车的鸣笛声, 新型收割机的轰鸣声, 意外地不觉刺耳。
青春逝去, 青春不朽。
【评析】本文咏叹的是从“农耕文明”向“城市文明”转型过程中的一种思辨。这一转型需要“传承”, 需要用草籽枕头“封存一段岁月”, 因为没有“传承”, 就没有“历史”;更需要“发展”, 需要“另一群人”“开着汽车, 枕着羽绒枕头”, “延续属于他们的, 村庄新的青春”, 因为没有“发展”, 就没有“未来”。其实, 在这一转型过程中, “老去”的只是有形的物质外壳, “不朽”的却是无形的精神内核。人们只要永远跳荡着一颗热爱生活、拥抱生活的青春之心, 就能“过去未来共斟酌”, 生命之树常青, 青春永驻。正是了然了这一点, 作者才“心中莫名其妙产生一种释然”, “外面传来汽车的鸣笛声, 新型收割机的轰鸣声, 意外地不觉刺耳”。
【议论文】
青春永不褪色
江苏一考生
有人说:如同生命注定死亡, 我们的青春也终将褪色。然而我却说:“我们的青 春永不褪色, 哪怕是死亡降临的前一秒。”
青春不是生命的一个“阶段”, 而是生命的一种“状态”。青春非指青春期, 抑或是年轻漂亮的岁月, 它是一种昂扬热烈的“生命 状态”。它并不会随年龄的增长而衰退。如爱因斯坦, 即使年老, 却仍能和孩子们天真地打成一片, 仍能做出那些让人捧腹大笑的奇怪表情。这样的他, 有谁会说是一位暮气沉沉的老人, 又有谁能说他的青春已经褪色?
有些人, 认为青春只是生命的阶段, 终将随着年龄的增大而消逝, 他们往往更容易在生活的打磨下提前失去青春, 成为一个名副其实的“小老儿”。
要保持青春的状态, 我们需要拥有乐观开朗的心。生活如同航海, 总会有暴风雨的出现。这些可怕的暴风雨, 往往会吹落青春的风帆, 使青春褪色。而一颗乐观开朗的心, 便是最好最完美的雨伞, 保护着你的青春。苏轼晚年多次被贬, 但乐观豁达的他依旧不改青春昂扬的姿态, 一手美食, 一手诗书, 口唱大江东去。由此可以看出, 唯有保持乐观, 我们的青春才不会被风雨侵蚀。
青春的不朽更需要我们学会“忘记”。生活中的挫折, 他人的是非之语, 都会在你的青春上留下一道道伤痕。所受的伤害多了, 你的青春也会伤痕累累, 最终只能无奈地倒下。而学会忘记, 你的手中就有了一瓶“云南白药”, 青春上的伤痕也会加速愈合。
青春, 并不意味着我们只需要热血和激情, 更须难得的一份沉稳。只凭热血和激情的青春, 如同流星, 虽然绚丽却无法持久;只有多一份沉稳, 我们的青春才能如太阳一般, 耀眼而且永恒。
当今社会, 有多少人因挫折而过早地老成和圆滑, 又有多少人因生活的重压而变得暮气沉沉?如若他们能以乐观为盾, 以激情为戈, 又怎会青春早逝呢?
我们的青春应是太阳, 耀眼, 永恒!
【评析】这是一篇中规中矩的议论文, 于朴素平实中尽展论证功力。一是立论睿智。作者的睿智在于“切一刀”, 将“青春”切分为“阶段” (客观) 和“状态” (主观) 两个方面, 从而将一个原本缠缠绕绕的事理思辨得清清楚楚、明明白白———青春不是生命的一个“阶段”, 而是生命的一种“状态”。在匆忙答卷的考场之上, 动刀还能如此机敏, 难能可贵。二是剖析深入。作者摆开阵地战, 用“要保持青春状态, 必须拥有乐观开朗的心”“要学会‘忘记’”“要多一份沉稳”等三个分论点将剖析向纵深稳步推进, 尤其是“学会忘记”这一论层, 相当中肯, 颇富东方智慧, 真是“亏他想得出来”。三是论述精到。以议论带动叙述, 与观点、见解 紧扣、紧贴者, 留之;游离、无关者, 裁之。故而论述能洗练精到, 不蔓不枝。
美的品味
1.唐代大诗人白居易说:“乐人之乐,人亦乐其乐;忧人之忧,人亦忧其忧。”当代著名数学家华罗庚说:“人家帮助我,永志不忘;我帮人家,莫记心上。”伟大的科学巨人爱因斯坦说:“生命的意义在于设身处地替别人着想,忧他人之忧,乐他人之乐。”苏联无产阶级文学奠基人高尔基说:“给予永远要比向别人索取快乐得多。”——古今中外的伟人对帮助所做出的诠释,是多么精湛和深刻啊!帮助是春天的雨,当你干渴时,为你滋润心田;帮助是夏日的风,当你酷热时,为你送来清凉;帮助是秋之菊,当你孤独时,为你默默开放;帮助是冬天的火,当你寒冷时,为你送来温暖。
(吉林考生《人生,因帮助而精彩》)
2.要有足够的信心和勇气,相信自己,我能。正因为有了信心和勇气,才有了李白的“安能摧眉折腰事权贵,使我不得开心颜”;正因为有了信心和勇气,才有了李清照“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄”;正因为有了信心和勇气,才有了苏轼“大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物”。唐时的风宋时的雨,吹打着这样一位位诗人、词人,造就了他们的信心和勇气。
(辽宁考生《我能》)
3.“我以我血荐轩辕”,这是鲁迅的天空,这一方天空,赤诚而忠贞!
“一片冰心在玉壶”,这是王昌龄的天空,这一方天空,清澄而明亮!
“苟利国家生死以,岂因祸福避趋之”,这是林则徐的天空,执著与不屈!
每个人的人生都恰似一方天空,或辽阔或深邃,但这一方天空在你的手中!你的天空你作主!
(江苏考生《怀想天空》)
4.现在,你遇到了,复杂的人际、事业的不如意;渐渐地你眉头紧锁,闷闷不乐,尽管每次见了我都是一副笑脸,可我却听到了你深夜的抽泣。巴尔扎克说:“不幸,是天才的晋升阶梯,是信徒的洗礼之水,是弱者的无底深渊。”泰戈尔说:“只有经历地狱般的磨炼,才能炼出创造天堂的力量;只有流过血的手指,才能弹出世间的绝唱。”模拟考试的失利几乎让我崩溃,那时,你告诉我:“在这个世界上,一星陨落,暗淡不了整个天空;一花凋零,荒芜不了整个春天。”这如春日般的话语让我重新站了起来,现在,我也将提着它去看你,让它照亮这一段灰暗,让女儿陪你一起度过难关。
(安徽考生《提篮春光看妈妈》)
技法点击
1.以名句为题,或点化名句为题,画龙点睛。
在材料作文、话题作文中采用这种方法,可以先声夺人。如广东考生作文题目为《留取丹心照汗青》。
2.开篇引用名言,为文张本。
如例文3,引用诗文名句巧妙地引出了“每个人的人生都恰似一方天空”,水到渠成地将“怀想天空”引向把握自己的天空,“与其湮没于历史的灰尘,不如动手打造一方属于你的天空”。再如云南考生《何以报德》直接引用《论语》中的名言:“或曰:‘以德报怨,何如?’子曰:‘何以报德?以直抱怨,以德报德。’” 开篇论述,联系社会现实,联系我们每个人的思想修养,强调以德报德的重要性。这个题记既是文章的论点,也可以说是文章的一个论据,一箭双雕。
3.引用名句对比,突出中心。
《年轻的诱惑》一文中这样写道:年轻的桃花总是灿烂的,年轻的日子总是不知忧愁的。年轻没有“春去也,飞红万点愁如海”的伤感,也没有“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜”的感慨,更没有“无可奈何花落去”的无奈;有的是“有志者事竟成”的澎湃激情和“少年心事当拿云”的豪迈壮志。文中将伤感、感慨、无奈的忧愁之情与澎湃激情、豪迈壮志的年轻之心进行正反对比,在对比中突出年轻人的心态特征。
4.引用名句议论,升华主题。
云南考生《滴水之恩,当涌泉相报!》,西方一位哲人说过:“别人爱我我爱别人,这是小爱;我爱别人,别人爱我,才是大爱。”所以基督教有一句名言:施比受有福!引用名言,用议论的笔调论证“施比受有福”这一论点。
5.用名句抒情,真挚细腻。
(三)41、请根据下列提示,以“Road Safety”为题,写一篇短文。(字数:120—150)提示:每年有不少人在交通事故中伤亡。为使交通安全,要牢记如下交通规则:
(1)骑车要靠右行;(2)遇见红灯时不能向左拐或横穿马路;
(3)转弯或停车时要打手势;(4)穿过马路,要做到一停二看三通过;
(5)要帮助老人或孩子安全穿过马路;(6)要教育小孩不要在马路上玩耍或骑车。
42、请你写一篇题为“我们的班长”的短文,字数在100—120个之间。简况如下:
(1)她叫李敏,个子高,身体好,很活泼。她各科成绩都好,喜欢体育活动,又能歌善舞。
(2)她刚进校时,在英语学习上遇到不少困难。但她不怕苦,不怕难,努力把英语学好。
(3)她严于律己,乐于助人,是大家学习的好榜样。
43、请你根据下面的提示,写一篇题为“The Seasons”的短文,字数在120~140之间。提示:(1)春季,天气转暖,万物苏醒。农民忙于播种。
(2)夏季,天气炎热,雨量充足,对农民来说是个繁忙的季节。
(3)秋季,气候适宜,白天碧空万里,夜间繁星点点,是一个收获的季节。
(4)冬季,昼短夜长,天气寒冷,但农民却忙于准备来年的春耕。
44、请你根据下面的提纲,以“我的家乡”为题,写一篇100—120字的短文。
提纲:(1)家乡的地理位置;(2)解放前的情况;(3)解放后的变化;(4)对家乡的感情。
45、假设上星期天上午,你与你朋友骑自行车去参观北京动物园,路上花了半个小时。到达那里时,看见游客已经很多。北京动物园很大,里面有几百种动物,可以看上一天。因此,你们只看了几种最有趣的动物。先看大象,然后看猴,最后看熊猫。你们在动物园玩得很高兴。
请根据上面提示,以“参观北京动物园”为题,写一篇120字左右的和短文。
46、昨天上午,你惊悉你的朋友阿里(Allee)被一辆汽车撞伤住了院,事情经过是:那天阿里正要穿过大街。他很小心,直到看到绿灯亮时才开始过街。可他刚要走到街心时,右侧(right-hand side)突然出现了一辆轿车,径直朝他开来。他躲闪(dodge)不及被撞出了几米远。他立即被进医院,并动了手术。昨晚你去看他时,他虽已脱险,但仍脸色苍白。
请以“A
Traffic Accident”为题,写一篇110—130字的短文概述这件事。
47、说明:李平(Li Ping)的哥哥是个解放军战士。请根据下面的提示为他写一篇简单介绍。内容要点如下:
(1)个子高、英俊、眼睛大、肩膀宽。
(2)1971年出生。在中学是个好学生。十七岁中学毕业,然后参军。
(3)在部队里,学习认真,积极参加军事训练(military training)。
(4)1991年到安徽参加抗洪斗争(洪水灾害:the flood disaster),做了许多好事。
(5)昨天下午来校作报告。
注意:(1)介绍须包括所给内容要点,但不要逐条译成英语。(2)字数:80—120。
48、说明: 假定你们昨天到附近一个村庄帮助农民收割庄稼,请用英语写一篇短文,叙述这次支农劳动。内容要点如下:
(1)虽遭水灾(flood disaster),丰收仍然在望(in sight)。
(2)村庄离校有半小时路程。一早出发,到达便参加劳动。
(3)农民教你们割稻、捆稻。(4)午餐在田间,饭后稍作休息。
(5)农村景色(scenery)优美,令人陶醉(be fascinated by)。
(6)天黑归来,人累了,但心情愉快。注意:(1)要有标题。(2)记叙须包括所有内容要点,但不要逐条译成英语。(3)字数:80—120。
49、根据下面的提示,用英语写一则80—100字的日记。
提示: 九月十日(星期日)是教师节。这天天气晴朗。上午你参加了学校举行的庆祝会。庆祝会上有几位三十年以上教龄的老师得到了奖章。你的英语教师李老师也是其中之一。晚饭后,你和几位同学一起去看望李老师。李老师表示要将自己的有生之年献给教育事业,并鼓励你们努力学习。你深受鼓舞,决心将来也当一名象李老师那样的教师。50、根据提示,写一篇介绍颐和园的短文。
The Summer Palace: one of the most famous parks in Beijing.Where it is located: in the western suburbs of Beijing.How to get there: by bus or by taxi or by bike What it is like: one of the most beautiful parks in Beijing/big What you can see or do there/What it is famous for: Kunming Lake----man---made lake/Longevity Hill/700---meter Long Corridor/magnificent halls/beautiful gardens Suggestions: go boating on the lake or go for a walk along the corridor or climb the hill and have a beautiful view from the top or look at the big halls or visit small gardens
51、外国留学生Tom是你的同学,他住在友谊宾馆。你到宾馆请他参加明天下午李明的生日晚会,碰巧他不在。你给他留个条子,邀请他参加晚会,同时告诉他去李明家的路线。图中标有*号的地方就是李明家。
52、写一短文论述书本的价值。
53、假设你最近去旅游一次,请把活动情况记述下来。
54、写一则失物招领启事。
在操场拾到绿色书包一个,内有两本新教科书、练习本、袖珍英汉词典一本及铅笔盒一个,请失主到高三年级办公室认领。
高三年级办公室
1995年9月1日
55、假定你的名字叫李童,上个月学校派你去美国。在美国期间,你住在Jane家里。她带你参观和浏览了许多地方。Jane的妈妈为你做了许多可口的饭菜,这一切使你在美国度过了十分美好的日子。写一封感谢款待的信,表示对Jane及其家人的感谢。希望今后有机会在中国以同样的方式招待她。
56、假定你现在在英国进行短期参观访问,你的英国朋友George和Angle给你寄来一张邀请卡。读后写一封拒绝接受邀请的回信。说明你星期五上午要离Oxford去London。在信中表示你希望这次聚会成功、大家玩得高兴。假使你在英国的住址是29East Avenue,Oxford。
57、假定你叫田兵,你的妈妈身体不太好,家中有许多家具。前些日子你家刚刚搬入一个新单元中。在搬家时,你的外国朋友Jack主动帮忙。给他写一封感谢信。表达谢意。信中谈到你将举行一个乔迁之喜的聚会,盼望早日在聚会上再见到他。
58、写一封抱怨信,诉说你日前购买某厂生产的一双皮鞋穿了三次就坏了这一状况,要求厂方退回货款。
59用英语给朋友写一个便条,告诉她今天早晨开会你去晚了,因为自行车出故障了。请她别生气。60、写一则遗失启事。
李燕,高二(4)班学生,本月4日下午在本校大教室遗忘红色长大衣一件,大衣的一个口袋中装有一个小笔记本,另一口袋中装有自行车的钥匙。拾到者请交高二(4)班的班长或本人,我将不胜感谢。高二(4)班教室在1号楼204室。写作-3 〈范文〉
41、Road Safety
Every year a lot of people are killed or injured in road accidents.How can we make the roads safer? Remember the following traffic rules.When you ride a bike, keep to the right side of the road.Don’t cross the road or turn left at a red traffic light.Give a hand signal if you want to turn or stop.Before crossing the road, stop and look both ways, right and left.If the road is clear, it is safe to cross.The correct way to cross is to walk quickly, but not to run.If you run across the road, you may fall down.If you see small children or old people waiting to cross the road, it is a kind deed to help them to cross in safety.We should teach small children not to play or ride on the roads.Always obey these rules, you’ll find it much safer to walk or ride on the road.42、Our Monitor
Li Ming is our monitor.She is tall, healthy and lively.She does well in all subjects.She is fond of sports and is good at singing and dancing.Li Ming works hard at English.When she came to the school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language.But she was not afraid of them and always tried hard to overcome them.She was active in class and did a lot of practice after class.No pains, no gains.With great efforts she made much progress in English study.Li Ming is modest and always ready to help others.She is very strict with herself in her work and daily life.She sets us all a fine example.43、The Seasons
There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter.In spring the weather gradually gets warmer and everything comes back to life.The peasants are busy with sowing.When summer comes, the weather gets very hot.It rains quite often.It is a busy season for the peasants.Autumn is the best season of the year.The weather is neither too hot nor too cold.The sky is blue and cloudless.At night millions of stars shine in the sky.It is the time for harvest.Winter is the last season of the year.The days become shorter and the nights longer.The weather is cold and windy.But the peasants are still busy preparing for the next spring ploughing.44 My Home Town
My home town is a beautiful place.It stands beside a wide river and is rich in fish and rice.But in the old days it was a poor and backward little town.Many people had no work.They lived a hard life.In 1949 my hometown was liberated.Since then great changes have taken place there.The streets have been widened.Factories, schools, hospitals, cinemas and theatres have sprung up one after another.The life of the people is greatly improved.I love my hometown.All the more I love its people.They are working hard so as to make it still richer and more beautiful.45、A Visit to Beijing Zoo
Last Sunday morning, my friend and I went to visit the Beijing Zoo.We went by bike.It took us about half an hour to get there.When we got there, it was already crowded with people.There were a lot of foreign visitors, too.It is said that the Beijing Zoo is the largest in Asia and one of the largest in the world.There are hundreds of different kinds of animals.It world take a whole day to see all the animals there.So we decided to see some of the most interesting ones.We saw the elephants first and then the monkeys.Finally we went to see our favourite “friends”--the giant pandas.We were delighted to see them waving to us.We really had a wonderful time in the zoo.46、A Traffic Accident
Yesterday morning, I was surprised to hear that my friend Allee had been hit by a car and was in hospital now.The other day he was going to cross a street.He was very careful and didn’t go until he saw traffic light turn green.But hardly had he got to the middle of the street when he saw a car suddenly appear on his right-hand side and come directly towards him.It was too late for Allee to dodge.He was hit by the car and thrown a few meters away.He was sent to hospital immediately and had an operation.When I went to see him last night, he was out of danger but still looked pale.47、My Brother
Li Ping’s brother is a PLA man.He is a handsome, tall young man with big eyes and broad shoulders.He was born in 1971.He was a good student in school.When he was seventeen, he finished middle school.Then he joined the People’s Liberation Army.In the army, he studied hard and took an active part in the military training.In 1991, he went to Anhui Province to help in fighting against the flood disaster.He did a lot of good deeds there.Yesterday afternoon Li Pings brother came to our school and gave us a talk.We’ve learned a lot from him.48、A Good Harvest
In spite of the flood disaster, a good harvest is still in sight.Yesterday we went to a nearby village to help the peasants get in the crops.We left our school early in the morning.It took us half an hour to reach the village.As soon as we got there, we joined the peasants in their harvesting work.They taught us how to cut rice, and how to tie it.It was in the fields that we had our lunch.After lunch, we had a short rest.We were fascinated by the beautiful scenery of the countryside.It got dark when we returned home.We were very tired, but we felt very happy.49、A Page from My Diary Sunday, Sept.10
Fine
Today is Teachers’ Day.In the morning, I attended the school celebration, at which several teachers were given medals for having completed 30 years of teaching.Mr.Li, my English teacher, was one of them.After supper my classmates and I went to see Mr.Li.He said that he would devote the rest of his life to the cause of education.He also encouraged us to work hard at our lessons.I was inspired by what he said and made up my mind to be a teacher like Mr.Li when I grow up.50、One of the most famous parks to go to in Beijing is the Summer Palace.It is located in the western suburbs of Beijing.It is easy to go there by bus, by taxi of by bike.It is one of the most and biggest parks in Beijing.There is beautiful Kumming Lake in the park.It is a man-made lake.In front of the lake, there is the 700-meter Long Corridor.Behind it is the Longevity Hill.There are some magnificent halls and beautiful gardens in the park.It takes at least half of the day to visit the park.You can go boating on the lake or go for a walk along the corridor or climb the hill and have a beautiful view from the top or look at the big halls or visit small gardens.The best time to visit the park is spring or autumn.51、June 6th Dear Tom,I came to see you but you were out.Tomorrow is Li Ming’s birthday.We will have a birthday party at Li Ming’s tomorrow afternoon.We would be very happy if you will come.Li Ming’s home is not very far from your hotel.When you come you may go straight along Blue Road.Turn right at White Road.Then go across Stone Road.you will find a cinema on your left.Li Ming’s’ house is just beside it.Hope to see you at the party.Yours,Tong Hua
52、Books are called “King’s Treasures/Wealth” because they have something as valuable as gold and silver.They have the riches of knowledge.Kings keep their valuable objects carefully locked up and keep the keys themselves.Nobody can touch their valuable things.Yet the riches of knowledge are entirely different.Anyone can have the key to the riches of knowledge.The key is simply “READING”.Anyone who can read can open the door of the treasure house and go in and take what he likes.Why don’t we therefore learn to read and fill ourselves with the riches of knowledge which everybody admires?
53、I went for a pleasant outing on Saturday with some friends from school.We went to a lovely lake about a hundred kilometres north of here.We left by bus at seven o’clock in the morning and arrived at the lake at eight thirty.We spent the morning swimming and rowing small boats.Then we had lunch in a small restaurant by the lake.After lunch we climbed a large hill behind the lake and enjoyed the beautiful view from the top.We got back to the bus at around four o’clock and then we came back to town.We had a wonderful time.54、Found
September 1, 1995
A green school bag was found on the playground yesterday afternoon.Inside of which there are two new textbooks, exercise books, a pocket English—Chinese dictionary and a pencil-box.Loser is expected to come to the Office of Senior Grade 3 to identify it.55、No 15 Middle School
Xuanwu District
Beijing
China
August 10,1995 Dear Jane,Thank you so much for your hospitality and kindness last month.It was very kind of you to put me up at your house while I was in America.I really appreiate your taking me around delicious.Surely I had a wonderful time in America.I hope I can repay you in the same way in China some time in the future.Best Wishes,Li Tong
56、East Avenue
Oxford
December 6th Dear George and Angie.Thank you very much for the invitation to your housewarming party this Friday.I’d love to come, but I can’t because I will leave Oxford for London on Friday morning.I hope you all have a good time and that your party is a big success.Yours sincerely,Wang Mei57、2 Doorway 1 Building 5
Xi Luo Yuan
Feng T District
June 3 1994 Dear Jack,I am writing to thank you for all the help you gave us in moving into our new flat.As you know, my mother is in poor health and there is a lot of furniture.I know we would never have been able to move all the things into the new flat without your help.I am arranging a housewarming party soon and I look forward to seeing you then.Thank you again for everything you have done for us.Love.Tian Bing
58、Dear Sir,I am writing to you to complain about the shoes I bought a week ago from your shop.Although I have only worn the shoes for three times, the shoes are worn out out, and the shoes are of shape.At your price, I expect high quality.I am returning the shoes to you by post.I expect to receive another pair of better quality or the full refund of the shoes.Sincerely,59、Catherine,I’m sorry I was late for the meeting this morning.There was something wrong with my bicycle.I hope you’re not angry with me.Sally 60、I was careless and lost my red long overcoat in the lecture room on the afternoon of 4th of this month.In one of the pockets there is a small notebook and in the other pocket there is key to my bike.Will the finder please send it either to the monitor of Class 4, Senior Grade 2 or to myself? Many thanks to the finder.Our classroom is in Room 204, Building 1.Li Yan
1.11月12日,空军八一飞行表演队女飞行员、歼—10首批女飞行员余旭在飞行训练中不幸牺牲。余旭的生命永远定格在了30岁。她的生命乐章虽然不长,却跳跃着震撼人心的节拍。目前我国能驾驶三代作战机的女飞行员仅有4名,余旭便是其中之一。月初在第十一届中国(珠海)航展上,余旭驾驶“战鹰”的`飒爽英姿给人们留下了难忘的印象,这个与观众亲切合影的邻家女孩也让中国空军 “圈粉”无数。余旭说,她最享受的就是冲上云霄后自由翱翔的感觉。
2.年11月6日,美国拉斯维加斯WBO(世界拳击组织)的拳台上,中国拳击手邹市明苦战12局,最终凭借点数优势,战胜泰国选手帕波姆,夺得WBO蝇量级世界拳王金腰带,完成了“奥运冠军+世锦赛冠军+亚运会冠军+全运会冠军+世界职业拳王”的超级全满贯伟业。邹市明用自己的行动告诉我们,梦想全靠努力和汗水来实现。
<名人名言>
人,只要有一种信念,有所追求,什么艰苦都能忍受,什么环境也都能适应。——丁玲
只有毅力才会使我们成功,而毅力的来源又在于毫不动摇,坚决采取为达到成功需要的手段。——车尔尼雪夫斯基
高考作文开头之引用名言式
文章若以名言警句开头,点名文章主旨;或者引用他人语句,对人物性格进行凸显;抑或引用诗词歌赋,让读着产生共鸣;抑或俗语谚语等运用,对事理进行说明等。你让你的文章气势理直气壮,想让你的文章更有说服力,你可以引用明言警句来作文高考作文开头,如此,理性的光芒将照耀你的文章。
“天空不留下小鸟的痕迹,但我已飞过。”真的如此吗望着窗外迷蒙的雨雾,我又一次陷入了沉思。
面对人生的挫折,勾践忍辱卧薪尝胆终于“三千越甲可吞吴”,面对丧妻流放,东坡高唱“归去,也无风雨也无晴”,于是文传千古,流芳百世。……古人告诉我:遭遇挫折是必然,而放大痛苦就会造成下一次失败,有时调整心态,痛苦也会烟消云散,一切本可云淡风轻。《云淡风轻》
清代张潮《出梦影》中有言:“菊以渊明为知己,梅以和靖为知己,竹以子猷(yǒu)为知己。”当面对大海;面对着这片蔚蓝;我不禁想到:海以何人为知己呢(《面对大海》)
问世间情为何物,直教人生死相许。元好问的确好问,也很会问。他这一问可谓一问问千古。多少年来,有多少人在这个问题上徘徊,又有多少人在付出巨大代价后作出了人生最终的答案。但各家之言却如每个人的脸一样,各不相同。
西施说:“爱情是工具。……”(《问世间情为何物》)
唐都长安被奸佞包围,李白徐徐吟出“总为浮云能蔽日,长安不见使人愁”;
玄宗沉溺于声色犬马,杜甫悲愤出言“朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨”;
社会黑暗,宫市掠于民,白居易深情唱出“可怜身上衣正单,心忧炭贱愿天寒”。
面对满目疮痍的祖国:屈原哀婉唱出:“吾不能变心以从俗兮,故将愁苦而终穷。”杜甫愤激指责:“边庭流血成海水,武皇开边意未已”。文天祥舍生取义高歌:“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青。”
生命就是龚自珍
“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花”的献身精神,生命就是文天祥“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青”的浩然正气,生命就是苏东坡“竹杖芒鞋轻胜马,一蓑烟雨任平生”的超脱与豁达,生命就是杜甫“艰难苦恨繁霜鬓,潦倒新停浊酒杯”的无奈与感伤。
“书山有路勤为径、学海无涯苦作舟。”在人生的求知路上孜孜不殆,踽踽独行是美的。“榆柳荫后檐,桃李罗堂前”,“策扶老以流憩,时矫首而遐观”,初夏的午后在骄阳里聆听蝉鸣,入夜于茵茵芳草中遥望碧天里的星星,也是美的。(浙江满分作文《且息且行》)
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皓月当空,树影斑驳。我眼前仿佛浮现一位身着白衣,须发飘然的诗人,他手举酒杯,仰天长叹:“人生得意须尽欢,莫使金樽空对月!”仕途的失落,没有带走他的抱负和自信,他依然狂傲,依旧洒脱,举起酒杯,一饮而尽。
他,就是李白!
月光皎洁,清风吹过,我仿佛又看到一位长者,他手执长剑,昂首高呼:“我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒。”人生的坎坷,没有带走他的豪情壮志,他依然旷达豪放。在失意的人生中,找到人生的诗意。
他,就是苏轼!
一百多年前,法国的雨果曾经这样感叹:“世界上最宽广的是海洋,比海洋更宽广的是天空,而比天空更宽广的是人的胸怀。”古老的东方,人们也世代传承着一句浅白的俗语:“宰相肚里能撑船。”法国人的浪漫和中国人的实在碰撞在一起,于是人们发现,包容超越了国家、语言、民族和文明的界限;包容是这个美丽星球的子民所共同拥有和赞美的品德。(高考北京卷《包容》)
高考作文开头之整散交错式
若在高考作文开头中,把散句与整句相结合,能够为文章的旋律感与音韵感增色不少,灵活多变的句式,是一种唯美的审美感受。
若能掬起一捧月光,我选择最柔和的;若能采来香山红叶,我选择最艳丽的;若能摘下满天星辰,我选择最明亮的。也许你会说,我的选择不是最好,但我的选择,我相信。(《我的选择,我喜欢》)
开头用“月光”-“柔和”、“红叶”-“艳丽”、“星辰”-“明亮”构成铺排,色彩鲜明,有先“色”夺人之妙,兼具音韵之美。
高考作文开头之排比入题式
高考作文若以排比修辞开头,必定先声夺人,文章气势陡起,阅读也能朗朗上口,并且音律与极强的节奏感,让文章结构也显得匀称而整齐,让文章语言给人一种华丽流畅的感觉。如果用来描写事物,则让景象精彩纷呈;若用来记叙事件,能让叙事酣畅淋漓;如果用来诉说道理,能够让道理气势磅礴;若用来抒情,能让情感如汪洋肆掠;若用来辩论,能让论据如山,论词如海。
生活如酒,或芳香,或浓烈,因为诚实,它变得醇厚;生活如歌,或高昂,或低沉,因为守信,它变得悦耳;生活如画,或明丽,或素雅,因为诚信,它变得美丽。(《因诚信酿造生活》)
踏着铺满层层石砾的崎岖之路,我茫然,握着已被雨打日晒得满身疮痍的雨伞,我哀叹;举目眺望我将踏上的漫长历程,我祈盼;聆听头上无数伟人的歌唱,我欣然。"(全国卷满
http:// 分作文《世上无难事,只要肯登攀》)
哥,黝黑的皮肤,粗壮的胳膊,像一头健壮的牛;哥,粗声粗气,蓬乱的头发,像一匹任劳任怨的马;哥,沉默寡言,起早摸黑,像一只拉磨的驴。都说哥是捡来的,因为哥像一个只要有饭吃就像牲畜一样拼命干活的家中惟一的劳力。(全国卷《哥是捡来的吗》)
第一部分听力 ( 略)
第二部分阅读理解 ( 共两节, 满分40分)
第一节 ( 共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项 ( A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
It's a name that needs no addresses. Everyone knows Santa Claus lives at the North Pole.
So letters sent to Santa Claus find their way tothe small town of North Pole deep in Alaska, including those simply addressed to Santa. Last year, 120, 000 letters arrived from 26 countries, not including the thousands with no return addresses.
Those who have return addresses usually geta reply and a North Pole postmark that has delighted children all over the world for decades.They feel happy to receive Santa's reply.
Letters arrive all the year round in the townof 1, 600, where streets have names such as SantaClaus Lane and Kris Kringle Drive. AroundThanksgiving, they start pouring in by the thousands each day as Christmas approaches. Evenletters without stamps get through, an exceptionfor the U. S. Postal Service.
“This is special because it has Santa's nameon it, ”said Debra Cornelius, a supervisor at themain post office in nearby Fairbanks, where theletters are kept during the holiday.
Gabby Gaborik is among several dozen volunteers who are busy sending off replies to childrenwho sent return addresses.
In his 10 years as a volunteer, Gaborik hasseen every kind of wish. There are children whowant the latest toys they see on TV. There arechildren who ask for miracles, some wanting theirmother back for Christmas or their father backfrom Iraq, even though he died there.
Replies get a North Pole postmark, includinga half-moon drawing of Santa's face. Even lateletters get a reply. Gaborik said, “It says something like‘Thanks for writing. Santa's been reallybusy, ' anything the children might want to hear. ”
21. Letters written to Santa Claus without an address can arriveat the North Pole because______.
A.all letters without an address aresent there
B.peoplebelievethatSantaClauslives there
C. this kind of letter is sent with aspecial postmark
D. streets named Santa Claus Lane can befound there
22.We can know from the text that____.
A. letters written to Santa Claus are sent free
B. Santa Claus' replies to children alwaysarrive at Christmas
C. there're thousands of letters sent to SantaClaus every month
D. many people write to children for SantaClaus asking for no pay
23. Children write to Santa Claus mainly to______.
A. ask for help to realize their dreams
B. express how much they miss him
C. wish for peace and happiness
D. make friends with him
24. What's the best title for the text?
A. Letters written to parents
B. All kinds of wishes from children
C. North Pole, Alaska, a beautiful place
D. Letters to Santa Claus rush into Alaska
B
Miriam Kotacka doesn't want to wait for herfuture. She's only 16, yet she's due to graduatefrom high school in a few weeks. Then she canbegin training full time as a ballet dancer.
She has been able to speed her education bytaking a semester's worth of classes on her computer. She has studied all her subjects in virtual ( 虚拟的) classrooms where teachers were presentonly through instant messaging, emails or occasional video links.
Online classes, already common at the college level, are becoming popular in Chicago-areahigh schools — and even middle schools — promising to help quick learners and slow learners toget the most from their education.
But not everyone joins the bandwagon.Critics say the trend is more about saving moneythan improving education, and whether onlinecourses can produce good results remains unproven.
Still, some observers believe the trend islikely to accelerate. They say some fast-growinghigh schools will introduce online classes to keepstudents out of the building, so they won't have toset up new buildings.
However, since students and teachers won'tmeet face to face, students may cheat in exams.Some schools ask online students to take theirfinal exams in classrooms. In this way, they aremonitored by teachers, but other assignments areharder to be monitored.
Gene Glass, a researcher at the National Education Policy Center said research has so farfailed to prove that online instruction is superior toface-to-face education.
Jeff Hunt, who runs Indian Prairie's onlineprogram, gave a warning to those who want tomake Internet-based learning a real success.
25. We can learn from the text that Miriam Kotacka_______.
A. will turn 16 in a few weeks
B.will continue practicing dancing ina college
C. took every high school subject onher computer
D. learned faster by taking online classesthan by going to school
26. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 4can be replaced by“_________”.
A. studies well in a college
B. learns very fast
C. supports online classes
D. affords to attend online classes
27. Why do some people not support thetrend towards online classes?
A. Because slow learners cannot learn asmuch as quick learners.
B. Because teachers cannot help students tosolve problems in time.
C. Because online classes are not suitable forhigh school students.
D. Because no research shows that onlineclasses lead to good results.
28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. Online classes are popular with universitystudents.
B. Online classes can help schools to become larger.
C. Online students are monitored while doingtheir homework.
D. Online classes help save money and improve education.
C
Do you ever wonder if you can make adifference? Do the world's problems seem too big?Many people have this feeling, and they do notknow what to do. But two men in India are tryingto change that.
Satish Vijaykumar and Ranjeet Walunj livein Mumbai, India. They started the Sapling Project. They believe that their idea will flourish inthe same way that a seed grows into a small tree—a sapling then the tree is bigger. Just like a tree, as an idea grows, it can touch many people.
“With the Sapling Project, we give one smallopportunity to act on something— something thatwill give our next generation the best environment, ”Ranjeet said.
Planting trees is not a new idea. Many peoplehave been planting trees to help change the worldfor many years. But, the Sapling Project is different from other tree-planting projects. Most treeplanting happens in country areas where there oncewere large forests. But Satish and Ranjeet believethat it is important to plant trees in cities andtowns. Trees can help block noise from busy citystreets. And if people plant trees near their homesand businesses, they can help care for them.
“The world is full of nice people, and theonly thing you need to do is get them moving, ”Satish said.
Many people are moving in India now. Theyhave already planted over a thousand trees. Hereis how it works. One sapling costs 44 cents. People give money to Satish and Ranjeet to buy thetrees. Then, Satish and Ranjeet put the trees in acar and drive around the city. Anyone can take atree from the car and plant it as long as theypromise to take care of the tree for two years. Thatis the time a tree needs to grow strong roots. “Caring for a tree is a little like caring for a child.You get to watch it grow, ”Satish said.
29. What's the purpose of the Sapling Project?
A. To beautify the city.
B. To educate the children.
C. To solve the noise problem.
D. To benefit the next generation.
30.The Sapling Project is special in______.
A. its types of trees
B. its planting places
C. planting trees to save forests
D. getting country people involved
31. What can we know about the SaplingProject?
A. Few people have joined it.
B. It has a history of two years.
C. It charges people a little money for thesaplings.
D. Participants are responsible to care forthe saplings.
D
Not all research begins with a plan. Somestudies begin by accident. Meredith Schafer saysthat is what happened with her and Cynthia Sagers. Cynthia Sagers is a biology professor at theUniversity of Arkansas. Meredith Schafer is agraduate student.
They were traveling in the state of North Dakota on a project. They noticed pretty yellow flowers. They recognized them as canola. Farmersgrow canola for seeds to make cooking oil. Canolais also used for animal feed and biofuel.
But the canola plants they saw were notgrowing in farm fields. They were growing alongthe road. The researchers decided to test theplants. They had brought along special testing papers for the project they were working on. Theybroke up some of the leaves in water and addedthe test paper.
The results showed that the weedy canolaplants contained genetic ( 基因的) changes. If aplant is genetically modified, that means its geneshave been changed to produce desired qualities, which may have higher economical value.
This summer, the researchers from Arkansaswent back to North Dakota. This time they wenton a road trip to find canola. They traveled morethan 5, 000 kilometers. They stopped about everyeight kilometers to count plants and take samplesto test in their vehicle. What they found, theysay, was the first discovery in the United States ofwild canola plants with modified genes.
Meredith Schafer presented the findings at arecent meeting of the Ecological Society of America.
The scientists found canola plants in almosthalf of the places they investigated. They tested atotal of 288 plants. They found that 80% of thoseplants contained genes from genetically engineeredcanola.
Some crop plants are modified to resist damage from the chemicals that farmers spray to killweeds. There are two proteins that can give canola the ability to resist two commonly used weedkillers. One protein gives resistance againstglyphosate ( 草甘膦) . The other protein gives resistance against glufosinate ( 草铵膦) .
Two of the plants growing in the wild showedresistance to both kinds of weed killers. ProfessorSagers says canola varieties with these geneticqualities have not been released on the market.This suggests the result of wild populations reproducing on their own.
32. What was the purpose of Cynthia Sagersand Meredith Schafer traveling in North Dakota?
A. To carry out a project on canola plants.
B. To work on a project we don't know.
C. To make a research on genetic changes.
D. To present their findings at a meeting.
33. In what way do the wild canola plantsdiffer from those growing in farm fields?
A. They have naturally modified genes.
B. They produce more cooking oil.
C. They are more easily damaged.
D. They are able to kill weeds.
34. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. All researches do not begin with plans.
B. Some discoveries were made by chance.
C. Modified genes were invented by biologists.
D. Most weedy canola contained geneticchanges.
35.We can infer from the passagethat.
A. farmers grow canola for seeds to makecooking oil
B. some plants are genetically modified toadapt to surroundings
C. farmers have begun to grow geneticallymodified canola
D. those wild plants contained genes fromgenetically engineered canola
第二节 ( 共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. Many teachers do not believe in open edu-cation.
B. Open education is better than traditionaleducation.
C. But many students may not do well in anopen classroom.
D. Some students will be happier in an openeducation school.
E. The teachers' feeling and attitudes are important to the students.
F. In fact, it may not work very well in a realclass or school.
G. For many students, it is important to havesome rules in the classroom.
第三部分英语知识运用 ( 共两节, 满分45分)
第一节完形填空 ( 共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项 ( A、B、C和D) 中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
41. A. ranB. missed
C. dropped D. broke
42. A. believed B. realized
C. remembered D. forgotten
43. A. talented B. practical
C. patient D. cheerful
44. A. sent for B. asked for
C. sent in D. filled in
45. A. nothing B. something
C. anything D. everything
46. A. happy B. frightened
C. excited D. disappointed
47. A. finally B. generally
C. really D. simply
48. A. asking B. leading
C. telling D. warning
49. A. or B. however
C. though D. but
50. A. impossible B. fantastic
C. crazy D. convenient
51. A. argued B. explained
C. reasoned D. apologized
52. A. duty B. concern
C. debt D. difficulty
53. A. carefully B. honestly
C. exactly D. seriously
54. A. collection B. attention
C. examinations D. preparations
55. A. How B. Why
C. When D. Where
56. A. Once B. Unless
C. If D. Since
57. A. would B. need
C. should D. could
58. A. luck B. dream
C. faith D. courage
59. A. humor B. confidence
C. safety D. direction
60. A. pull B. make
C. get D. put
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分英语知识运用 ( 共两节, 满分45分)
第二节 ( 共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15)
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 ( 不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
第四部分写作 ( 共两节, 满分35分)
第一节短文改错 ( 共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号 ( ∧) , 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线 ( ) 划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 允许修改10处, 多者 ( 从第11处起) 不计分。
One day, I got a full mark in the maths exam and only got 50 marks in the Chinese exam. On my way home, I was in low spirits.
When I arrived at home, my mother kissed me on the cheek as soon as she knew the result of maths and said she would bring me to have a nice meal in KFC as the praise. Seen her so happy, I quick took out of my Chinese exam paper. But quite contrary to her behavior just now, he slapped me on the face heavily. At that moment, I couldn't help cry.
I understood my mother cared much for my scores than me and I felt sad. But as matter of fact, I needed my mother's help when I have difficulty with my study rather than her slaps.
第二节书面表达 ( 满分25分)
现在, 社会上补习机构火爆, 我们经常可以看到“名师名校”、“个性化教学”、“终级押题”、“秒杀高考”等广告词。请你结合自己的亲身体验, 就此问题陈述自己的看法, 内容必须包含以下要点:
1. 自己是否曾经参加过补习班? 理由?
2. 你是怎样安排自己的业余时间的? 并举一例。
3. 你不参加补习班 ( 或参加补习班) 的感受如何?
要求:1. 文章开头已经给出, 但不计入总词数;
2. 词数: 120左右;
3. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
It seems that many students go to take afterschool classes in their spare time______________________________________________.
2014年高考英语模拟试题 ( 三) 参考答案
第一部分: 听力 ( 略)
第二部分: 阅读理解
第一节
A
【语篇导读】
本文讲的是每年圣诞节将至的时候, 都会有数千封写给圣诞老人的信寄往北极, 因为人人都知道圣诞老人住在北极。
21. B。细节理解题。第一段指出, 这是一个无须地址的名字, 人人都知道圣诞老人住在北极。故选择B项。
22. D。推理判断题。第六段指出, 有很多志愿者帮助圣诞老人给孩子们回信, 由此可推知D项正确。
23. A。推理判断题。从倒数第二段可以看出, 孩子们在信中写的内容大部分都是希望圣诞老人帮他们实现愿望。
24. D。主旨大意题。文章指出, 每年都有许多写给圣诞老人的信寄往阿拉斯加, 因此D项最具概括性。
B
【语篇导读】
本文是一篇议论文。介绍了支持与反对网上课程的两种意见。
25. D。细节理解题。根据第二段的“She has been able to speed her education by taking a semester's worth of classes on her computer. ”可知, D项正确。
26. C。词义猜测题。根据下文“批评者说越来越多的人选择网上课程更多的是为了省钱, 而不是为了改善教育”。由此可推知并不是每个人都支持网上课程。
27. D。细节理解题。根据第四段的“…whether online courses can produce good results remains unproven. ”可知, 还没有研究证明网上课程会有好的效果。
28. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“Online classes, already common at the college level…”可知, 网上课程在大学里已经很流行了。
C
【语篇导读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由两个印度人发起的“树苗工程”。
29. D。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Withthe Sapling Project, we give one small opportunity to act on something—something that will give our next generation the best environment. ”可知, 这项工程的目的是给下一代人最好的环境, 即造福下一代人。
30. B。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Most tree planting happens in country areas where there once were large forests. But Satish and Ranjeet believe that it is important to plant trees in cities and towns. ”可知, Satish和Ranjeet相信把树种在城镇更重要, 这也是“树苗工程”的特殊之处。
31. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“as long as they promise to take care of the tree for two years. ”可知, 参与“树苗工程”的人必须负责照看树苗。
D
【语篇导读】
本文是一篇农业报道。介绍科学家们偶然发现了, 野生卡诺拉油菜植株存在一些基因改变 ( 即转基因) 。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“They were traveling in the state of North Dakota on a project. ”可知, 他们在进行一项我们不知道的计划。
33. A。推理判断题。从第四、五段可以看出, 这些杂草一样的卡诺拉油菜植株存在一些自然的基因改变, 这正是它区别于那些生长在农场的油菜的地方。D项不对, 因为这种野生油菜不是能够杀死杂草, 而是能够抵抗除草剂带来的危害。
34. C。推理判断题。转基因只是科学家的发现而不是发明, 特别是第五段中的“Whatthey found, they say, was the first discovery inthe United States of wild canola plants with modified genes. ”可知C项是错误的。
35. B。推理判断题。从倒数第二段中的“Some crop plants are modified to resist damage from the chemicals that farmers spray to kill weeds. ”可知, B项正确; A项是原文, 不需推理; C项不对, 因为存在基因性状的卡诺拉油菜并未在市场上发布; D项不对, 因为野生植物不可能都包含经遗传工程处理过的卡诺拉油菜的基因。
第二节
【语篇导读】
本文介绍了开放式教育的优缺点及作者本人对开放式教育的看法。
36. D。由空处前一句“The open classroom may help them to enjoy learning. ”及下一句“They will not have to worry about grades or rules. ”可知, 应填D作为承接, 表示一些学生在开放式教育学校中会更快乐。
37. C。该段主要介绍开放式教育的缺点, 与上一段的优点构成了转折关系, 因此选择C。
38. G。下文主要阐述的是纪律对很多学生的重要性, 因此应填G。
39. A。根据上下文可知, 许多老师不相信开放式教育, 因此填A。
40. F。承接上一句“I think that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. ”可知应选F, 表示开放式教育在理论上是不错的, 但在真实的课堂上或学校里未必效果好。
第三部分: 英语知识运用
第一节完形填空
【语篇导读】
女儿要作为交换生出国留学, 而母亲无力负担出国费用。留学机构在得知真相后提供帮助, 圆了女儿的留学梦。
41. C。从下文可知, 这是一位单身母亲, 生活拮据, 听到女儿要到国外学习的事情感到震惊, 手中的盘子差点“掉”到地上。
42. D。难道你“忘了”“我”是单身母亲, 为了养家已经做了三份兼职。
43. B。母亲让女儿“现实”一点。
44. C。send in意思是“寄去”。
45. A。Jeanne是个热爱艺术的学生, 不愿意让任何事情扫了她的兴。
46. D。母亲希望女儿在发现她们实在负担不起她去欧洲学习时不会太“失望”。
47. C。她的家庭“真得”负担不起她去欧洲留学的费用。
48. C。几周后, 母亲接到电话, “告诉”她他们收到了她女儿的申请。
49. D。留学机构收到了申请, “但是”没有收到申请的费用。
50. A。母亲告诉他们对于她的女儿来说, 暑假去欧洲是“不可能的”。
51. B。母亲对不能让女儿到国外学习做了“解释”, 因为自己是单身母亲, 无力支付留学所需的费用。
52. B。母亲收入不高, 支付各种账单成了她的“头等大事”。
53. C。留学机构想帮助她们母女, 因此问她们能够支付的“确切”数目。
54. D。最后留学机构告诉母亲让她开始为女儿的护照做好“准备”。
55. A。母亲不敢相信, 这样一个梦想“怎么”会实现呢?
56. C。if在此引导条件状语从句, 意思是“如果”。
57. D。could表示可能性。
58. C。可从上文中出现的faith得到答案。
59. B。女儿学成归来, 充满了“自信”。
60. A。pull sb through意思是“协助……完成”。
第二节
61. worse。根据语境可知, 伊拉克的战争极有可能变得更糟糕。此处暗含比较, 应使用比较级形式。
62. probably。根据语境可知, 更多的人极有可能想成为恐怖分子, 因此填probably。
63. armies。根据语境可知, 应填复数形式。
64. involved。be involved with是固定短语, 此处应使用过去分词形式。
65. or。either…or…是固定搭配。
66. too。too…to…是固定搭配。
67. before。根据句意可知, 在他们离开之前必须把工作做完。
68. never。根据语境可知, 他们首先永远都不能入侵, 故填never。
69. telling。try后接v-ing形式, 意思是“尝试着做某事”。
70. protested。根据前文可知, 应该使用过去时态。
第四部分: 写作
第一节短文改错
第1处: and改为but。前后两个部分是明显的转折关系, 所以用but。
第2处: at去掉。home是副词, 所以前面不用加介词。
第3处: bring改为take。take sb. to…表“带某人去……”之意。
第4处: Seen改为Seeing。此处“看到她非常高兴”的动作是主句主语“I”发出的, 所以需用主动形式。
第5处: quick改为quickly。修饰实义动词需用副词形式。
第6处: he改为she。这里是说母亲, 需用she。
第7处: cry改为crying。couldnt help doing表示“情不自禁做某事”。
第8处: much改为more。根据后面的than可知, 这里应该用比较级。
第9处: matter前加a。as a matter of fact表示“事实上”, 为固定搭配。
第10处: have改为had。本文是过去时态。
第二节书面表达
One possible version:
It seems that many students go to take afterschool classes in their spare time. I used to go todifferent kinds of these classes, too. But later Irealized I couldnt do that any more because it isjust a waste of time and money.
Now I spend my spare time reading, doingsports and taking some social activities. Its a wiseway to know about the world. And I prefer to enjoy nature. I still remember that day when I wentto the Forest Park this spring! I found a few plantsappearing in my biology books. It offered me anopportunity to deepen my understanding of mytextbooks.
Learning by using is a real practice. I havebenefited a lot from it. Now I am becoming morecreative and confident than those who are alwaysinvolved in taking after-school classes.
(山东卷高考作文)
阅读下面这首诗,根据要求作文。
星 星
雷抒雁
仰望星空的人,
总以为星星就是宝石,
晶莹,透亮,没有纤瑕,
飞上星星的人知道,
那儿有灰尘、石渣,
和地球上一样复杂。
读这首诗可以产生不同的联想或感悟。请根据你的联想或感悟写一篇文章。
注意:①联想和感悟要与整首诗的寓意有关。②立意自定,题目自拟。③不少于800字。④除诗歌外文体不限。
创 意 导 引
张凤山(山东泰安英雄山中学):这首诗以“星星”作为意象,创造意境来表明哲理。诗分为两节,通过对比的方式来传达蕴含的意蕴和道理。第一诗节,诗人通过透露情感的词语“总以为”来阐发自我的态度,仰望天空的人的这种认识,是自我的一种积习感觉,是对未涉足的遥远星际的未知理解,是一种想象的美好,也是一种美好情感的寄托。第二诗节,诗人也通过透露情感的词语“知道”来阐发自我的态度,飞上星星的人是在星星上亲眼看到的情景——有灰尘、石渣,而且还针对前一诗节中所表达的态度作了暗示性的映照——和地球上一样复杂。显然这首诗所表达的是对同一事物的两种认识,一种是美好的想象,一种是对实际状况的非美好的本色的揭示。“星星”那儿也“和地球上一样复杂”的客观真理,警示人们:要擦亮眼睛,千万不要被情绪和物象所迷惑!由此可以产生以下联想和感悟:①莫让浮云遮望眼;②要识庐山真面目;③超越感性认识追求理性认知;④要透过现象深入本质;⑤消除认识与现实的差别;⑥让主观的视网膜安装上客观的角质;⑦“猜想”为虚,“眼见”为实;⑧“心知”方需“践行”识;⑨名副其实乃为大;⑩让单纯的自我成熟起来,等等。以上所列的十条既可作为表情达意的内核,又可作为文章的标题,可以说是一箭双雕了。当然,在写作过程中,需要联系现实,在此基础上进行拓展、引申,由此及彼地探究更深远的意义。
唐惠忠(江苏太仓高级中学):写材料作文,吃透材料的内涵,进而审清题意、准确立意至关重要。山东卷提供的是一首哲理诗。所谓“哲理”,就是生活中普遍存在的道理。据作者雷抒雁讲,写《星星》的时候正是改革开放初期,不论对文学界还是整个社会,都是一个思想解放的时代,一个从虚幻浮躁向现实转变的时代。在诗中,“星星”是人们向往的,这个意象具有广泛的象征性和暗示性——因为人们常把自己喜欢的、崇拜的东西比喻成“星星”,它们遥不可及,似乎美妙至极,无与伦比。正是这种强烈的喜爱之情,使人们放弃了冷静的思考,使自己的眼睛被假象和情感蒙蔽,从而犯下一些低级的错误。这首小诗就是那个时代大背景的写照,就是要告诉读者现实是很复杂的,你崇拜、向往的地方、领域也有黑暗的东西。我们的考生,临场解读这首诗,当然有可能不了解它的创作背景,但品出其中蕴含的人生道理,应该说难度不算大——如果对小诗内容作一个简单的压缩,那它说的就是“仰望是星星,置身其中见灰尘”;这其中,“距离”(远与近的差别)、情感起到了蒙蔽作用。如果考生把作文立意确定为“正视现实,但不委身于现实;保持幻想,但不沉溺于幻想”“要透过现象看本质”“要脚踏实地”“距离产生美”等,都符合题意。具体写作时,可摘录《星星》中的某些句子作为引子,再举例论述开来;也可让诗歌的寓意统率全篇,用形象化的笔法诠释道理;当然,从文体选择来说,散文(包括叙事性散文和议论性散文)是可以优先考虑的,选写散文,一定要做到“形散而神不散”(比如始终围绕“星星”也“和地球上一样复杂”这一客观真理,警示人们擦亮眼睛,千万别被情绪和表象所迷惑)。其实,只要善于联想,就会发现社会生活中有很多事例可以类比、选用,比如盲目的出国留学,使不少青年甚至少年学子浪费了宝贵的时光;盲目的追星,使有些未成年人迷失了自我……在这些方面,你个人的亲身经历很可能也不少,把自己的生活画面、酸甜苦辣、喜怒哀乐原汁原味地展现出来,再设法加入一点儿“生活的味精”——生动、感人的细节,那么你的作文就会有亮点,就能向“发展等级”进军了。
陈鲁峰(山东淄博教研室):不管是命题作文,还是话题作文,除考查学生的语言运用能力外,还要考查学生的思维水平,特别是发散思维的能力。因此,好的作文题应该给考生们提供一个“心游万仞,精骛八极”的情境,要有利于放飞考生们五彩斑斓的“联想与想象”,有利于培养考生“辩证”思维的能力。本题要求考生依据阅读诗歌后的感悟或联想来作文,因考生阅历不同,对这首诗歌的思考与感悟也会千差万别。从距离的角度来谈,至少可以得出两种相对的寓意:距离产生美抑或“零距离”方能瞧得清;从错觉与真相的角度来谈,至少也可以得出两种相对的寓意:不小心,假象就会蒙蔽你的眼睛;真相总会水落石出的……这就留下了开阔的写作空间,可以从更多角度立意,可以用辩证方法加以分析。
佳 作 展 示 台
不要为美丽的想象迷惑了双眼
山东一考生
仰望星星,灿烂美丽,而走近一看,则尘埃遍地,如同地球一般。
有些事情,想象与真实是不一样的,千万不要为表象迷惑了双眼。
为什么人们错误地把星星看成是宝石呢?因为它离得你太远,你看不清它的真面目,所以你错误地认为它多么地晶莹,多么地透明,而一旦走近它,你就会马上认识到事物并非人们想象的那么完美。
这让我们想到了很多事情,产生了很多联想与感悟。
(一)
我想起了李白,想起了他对长安的美好想象,“仰天大笑出门去,我辈岂是蓬蒿人”,那份得意,那份天真,那份渴望,表现得淋漓尽致。他想象着朝廷的美丽,宫殿的美丽,自己施展才华的美丽。然而当他走进宫廷,走到天子脚下,如何呢?他失望了,他的感覺犹如冰火呀!于是,他睁开了眼,他没有让想象迷惑双眼,而更擦亮了双眼,他又“须行即骑访名山”了。
陶渊明为什么毅然离开官场而选择田园呢?因为心目中想象的仕宦,与真实的情景发生了反差,于是他选择了“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”。想象与真实有时是不一样的啊!
不要为心目中的想象迷惑了双眼。
(二)
我又想到了中央电视台报道的一个初中男孩儿,他腿有残疾,但对某一歌星十分崇拜。于是他离家了,奔走于这位歌星的大陆演唱会上,一个城市又一个城市,他用仅有的钱买昂贵的票,有时是饿着冻着,在疯狂中沉迷,在偶像中生活。他的目的是什么?他想象歌星能为他治病,但最终他无法靠近歌星,于是,他在演唱会上喝了毒药,然而歌星的回答是:不会见他。
想象是一回事,真实又是一回事,盲目地把感情寄托在想象中能行吗?那最终吃亏的是自己。男孩儿当然被救了,但他的心何时被疗救?
不要为心目中的偶像迷惑了双眼。
(三)
当前的出国留学方兴未艾,国外的星星就一定晶莹剔透?不是照常洗碗、刷碟,不是照常失业、抢劫?
当前的大学生就业也是这样,每位大学生心目中想象的职业确实美好,然而,一旦与现实生活结合呢?
在校大学生允许结婚了。不是有两位痴迷者,想象结婚是多么美好,多么浪漫,而结果呢?大四又离婚了。因为他们没有生活的来源,真实的生活与他们想象的距离太大了。
不要为美丽的想象迷惑了双眼。
生活是可以想象的,但一定要与现实结合起来,人们不能只生活在美丽的想象中,关键是生活在现实的真实之中,千万不要为美丽的想象迷惑了你的双眼。
点 评
本文是一篇中规中矩的议论文。我认为有以下几点优点:一是观点鲜明,开头甚至标题就清楚明白地亮出自己的观点,毫不含糊;二是结构层次清楚,几个板块结构相当清晰;三是正反论述、事理论述、举例论证相结合;四是卒章显志,鲜明地亮出主旨:“生活是可以想象的,但一定要与现实结合起来,人们不能只生活在美丽的想象中,关键是生活在现实的真实之中,千万不要为美丽的想象迷惑了你的双眼。”
(荐评教师 李弗不)
梦想在现实中起舞
山东一考生
仰望星空,那似乎没有纤瑕的星辰在银河中闪耀,而给了我们无限的遐想。那不染纤尘的星空里,放飞了多少人美丽的梦想。飞上星星的人知道,那里像地球一样,也有灰尘和石渣,于是他们失去了幻想的自由和权利。我们不能一味沉溺于自己的幻想之中,却也不能让自由飞翔的思想湮没在无情的现实里。
阮籍目睹世间的浑噩不堪和好友的身首异处,借醉酒逃避现实。他的一生一直在逃避、逃避、逃避,却终因一篇《为郑冲劝晋王笺》被人唾弃。嵇康则完全生活在现实之中,不肯向生活做出任何妥协,最终一曲《广陵散》成为绝响。其实人生由阮籍的醉酒向前一步便是嵇康的《广陵散》,人生由嵇康的《广陵散》向后退一步便是阮籍的醉酒,殊途同归的境遇竟是如此迥异。若是两人各向中间迈出一步,将幻想与现实稍加中和,也许就不会落得生者隐入迷幻,死者融入苍穹,只留给后人无尽的怅惘了。
我们如何才能让仰望星空的人了解现实,又如何才能让飞上星星的人保留梦想呢?
在那个人人埋怨的时代,沈从文先生目睹现实的残酷却依然将那个江南小城写成了山美、水美、人美的世外桃源。现实没有湮没他对人生的希望,他用一份最原始的情感和一颗赤子之心看待这个社会,看待自己的人生。他没有沉醉于自己的幻想亦没有让现实麻木自己的心灵。
张允和先生亦是一位智慧的老人,她一生经历了大富大贵,也经历了战火纷飞、十年浩劫,而她却永远葆有一副悲天悯人的情怀、一颗永不衰老的童心。她那悲天悯人的情怀使她正视现实并战胜现实,而她那颗永不衰老的童心则使她在任何艰难的情况下都不放弃幻想的权利。
川端康成浅浅的一句“凌晨四点钟,看到海棠花未眠”瞬间感动了多少心灵。这是梦和现实完美的结合,让那些世俗之物顷刻间土崩瓦解,让多少在现实中日渐麻木的心灵得到了温暖。
正视现实,但不委身于现实;保持幻想,但不沉溺于幻想。让梦想在现实中跳一曲酣畅淋漓的舞蹈吧。
点 评
这是一篇颇具思辨哲理的考场佳作。作者巧妙地使用了阮籍逃避现实,而嵇康则完全生活在现实之中,不肯向生活做出任何妥协的精当事例,表达出了“正视现实,但不委身于现实;保持幻想,但不沉溺于幻想”的辩证观点,读来有说服力。
(荐评教师 李弗不)
窗棂边的栀子花
山东一考生
生命中,我们常常忽略窗棂边的栀子花,而去徒然想象邻家花园中的花一定更为馥郁芬芳;就如同我们明明住在一个最适合生存的星球上,却总以为夜空中的星辰如同宝石般晶莹透亮。漫漫人生中,我们不也总认为自己的人生之路总是充满坎坷、荆棘不断,而别人的生命中总充满花儿般的芬芳!然而,没有谁可以拒绝痛苦,没有哪个生命不刻烙苦痛的伤痕。别人的微笑中,也可能隐藏深深的痛楚,只是在寂静的暗夜,你未曾听过他的呜咽。
你是否羡慕过东坡的人生?是啊,他乐游赤壁,醉饮山林,写下光照千秋的激昂文字。然而,你是否看到他内心的累累伤痕?作为一个人,他肩负着出將入相、封妻荫子的期许,却接连惨遭贬谪。他的不平,他的郁闷,他的痛苦,他的无奈,你看到了吗?
是啊,你把苏轼生命中的伤痛忽略了,只看到了他的光环,看到了世人对他的敬重与赞扬,于是羡慕他的生命,于是遗憾于自己生命的苍白乏味。你何时才懂得去欣赏自己,去嗅一下窗棂边栀子花的芬芳?
你是否羡慕过陶渊明的人生?是啊,他归隐田园,品乡间淡酒,观风中寒菊,活得多么潇洒自在!然而,你是否感受到他内心的无奈?他也有济世的抱负,却无从施展。在那个黑暗的时代,容不下这一铮铮的风骨,于是,他在无尽的无奈中选择了出世。他的无奈,他的焦灼,他的伤痛,你懂吗?
是啊,你未曾看到,你只顾嗅五柳先生舍前黄菊的芬芳,你只顾陶醉于南山的山水,于是你羡慕他的生命,同时埋怨自己生命的焦灼与劳累。你何时才懂得正视自己生命的欢乐,嗅一下窗棂边栀子花的芬芳?
不要总认为自己的生命苦难重重,而别人的生命充满阳光,生命中的苦难是每个人都会经历的,而在不顺的生命里,你也会有欢乐的踪影。
正视自己的生命,欣赏自己的命运,纵然命途多舛也要淡然,也要坦然。历史的河流中,没有不受伤的船。多希望明早醒来,你可以面带微笑,去嗅一嗅窗棂边的栀子花。人面与栀子花交相辉映,或许会构成这世界上最美丽的风景。
点 评
这是一篇充满才气、富于思辨性的考场美文。其突出的优点,主要有三:
一、拟题精彩,结尾不俗。标题“窗棂边的栀子花”相当别致,而且寓有深意——在文中,它象征“自己生命的欢乐”。与其形成比照的,包括“邻家花园中的花”“夜空中的星辰”“别人的生命”等。撷来这一意象,是全文化抽象为形象的关键所在,也是构思上最大的亮点。末尾一句,巧妙化用了唐诗名句“人面桃花相映红”,贴切自然,可见作者的写作灵性。
二、选材典型,认识独到。主体部分举苏轼、陶渊明的人生为例,这两个例子本无多少新意,但用来阐述“别人的微笑中,也可能隐藏深深的痛楚”“生命中的苦难是每个人都会经历的”,却极有说服力。作者能在苏轼、陶渊明“光环”的背后,以独特的眼光看到他们内心的“不平”“郁闷”“痛苦”与“无奈”,这是难能可贵的,这就使自己的文章有了高人一筹的深度。
三、行文颇具气势。这位考生善于运用设问、反问句,既加强了与读者的交流,又强化了表达的力度;而“窗棂边栀子花的芬芳”一语反复出现,更带给我们一种强烈的情感冲击。
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