It is +adj. +动词不定式的用法

It is +adj. +动词不定式的用法（共4篇）

It is +adj. +动词不定式的用法 篇1

I am very glad to hear it.

The question is difficult to answer.

“too + 形容词或副词 + 不定式”作状语。如：

He is too old to do that.

另外，句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语。例如：

The room is big enough to hold us.

6)作表语。如：

My job is to help the patient.

7)作独立成分。如：

To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.

8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。如：

He didn’t know what to say. (宾语)

How to solve the problem is very important. (主语)

注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。例如：

Why not have a rest ?

9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判断的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：

①不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：

Have you got a key to unlock the door ?

(A key unlocks the door. )

②不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。

I have got a letter to write. (I write letter. )

He needs a room to live in. (He lives in a room. )

I know what to do. (I do what. )

但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动形式：I know what is to be done.

这是因为what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中的主语what是动词do的动作对象。

③不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 。如：

He is hard to talk to. (to talk to him)

The book is difficult to understand. (to understand the book)

④在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。

There is a lot of work to do. (Somebody has to do the work. )

There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done. )

请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：

There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)

There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)

2.不定式的时态

1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生。例如：

I saw him go out.

2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。例如：

He pretended to be reading a book when she went in.

3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。例如：

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

3.不定式的语态

当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。如：

He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.

It is possible for our hopes to be realized.

4.不定式符号to的保留问题

有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现下列动词后：expect，prefer，care，mean，forget，want，wish，hope，try以及be glad/happy等后。

如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have，have been，这些词要保留。如：

―Are you on holidays ?

―No, but I’d like to be.

―I didn’t tell him the news.

It is +adj. +动词不定式的用法 篇2

关键词：不定式定义,不定式结构,不定式用法

动词不定式是英语动词的一种非谓语形式, 没有数和人称的变化, 不定式不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化的影响。不定式不能单独地在句中用做谓语, 它仍然保留某些动词的特点, 可以带有自己的宾语或状语, 不定式连同它的宾语或状语一起构成了动词不定式短语。

1 动词不定式的结构

动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”而构成的, 动词原形之后可以跟自己的宾语或状语, 构成不定式短语, 不定式短语的用法与不定式的用法相同。动词不定式的各种结构列表如下:

2 动词不定式的用法

动词不定式在句中可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

2.1做主语

To master the question is no easy.

(不定式做主语, 谓语为单数形式) To be invited to Tom's birthday party

To be invited to Tom's birthday party is a great honor.

不定式做主语时, 习惯用it作形式主语, 把真正的动词不定式主语放在谓语动词后。

It is a great pleasure for him to live with you.

It's an honor to be invited to Joe's birthday party.

当句子中的表语是形容词, , , , 时, 不定式前常用of引出的不定式短语。

It is kind of Mary to think so much of me.

2.2作宾语

下列动词后习惯加动词不定式作宾语

begin, need, plan, start, want, afford, ask, attempt, decide, learn, choose, except, hope, hate, offer, prefer, pretend, promise, refuse, would like等。

I don’t expect to find you there now.

Peter wants to become an engineer in the future.

2.3作表语

1) 不定式做表语相当于名词, 系动词除了用be还可以用seem, look等。

She seems to be very upset.

To see is to believe.

2) 不定式表示具体的动作或将来的含义。

Our task is to study one thousand words at the end of this term.

2.4作定语

动词不定式 (短语) 作定语位于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 不定式与它所修饰名词之间有逻辑动宾或动补关系;被修饰词与不定式有逻辑主谓关系。

I have so much work to do。

(do so much work, 不定式与名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系)

He needs somewhere to sleep。

(sleep in some place不定式与名词之间有逻辑上的动状关系)

He is the first boy to come.

(the first boy come名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系)

2.5作状语

动词不定式作状语常用来表示目的、结果、原因。

2.5.1作目的状语

常用短语in order to do (可放在句首或句子中间) , so as todo (不能放在句首) , 例如:

He ran to the station to buy the train ticket.

In order not to be heard they talked in very low voice.

2.5.2作结果状语

常用于so...as to (如此……以致……) , too...to (太……以致于不能……) , enough to (足以……) 结构中, 例如:

He walked too fast for us to follow.

She is old enough to go to college this year.

He said so roughly as to hurt her feeling.

only to... (表示未曾料到的结果) , 例如:

I went to see him last Friday only to find him out.

She lifted a big rock only to drop it on her own feet.

2.5.3作原因状语

常用于下列结构中:主 (人) +be+形容词 (过去分词) +to do, 例如:

We are proud to be Chinese after we are middle school sdents.

I’m sorry to here that bad news.

过去分词或形容词做表语时, 后面可定式做状语, 以说明谓语所表示的情况或产生这种感情的原因等。用于此结构中的过去分词或形容词多是一些表示好恶或喜怒哀乐等的词, 常见的有:happy (高兴的) , glad (高兴的) , sorry (遗憾的) , anxious (焦急的) , lucky (幸运的) , disappointed (失望的) , angry (生气的) , sur-prised (吃惊的) , proud (自豪的) , delighted (高兴的) , clever (聪明的) , foolish (愚蠢的) , pleased (高兴的) , ready (准备好的) , fortu-nate (幸运的) , right (合适的) 等。

另外, 在这种结构中还可用easy, difficult, comfortable, hard等形容词, 这时主语既可表示人, 也可表示物, 例如:

Tom is easy to get along with.

The truck is hard to park at this time.

不定式有时可看作插入语, 用来说明说话人的态度, 对整个句子进行解释, 例如:

To tell you the truth, I remember all about the thing.

2.6宾补和主补

1) 不定式作宾补时宾语与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系, 例如:

I want you to be lucky. (you are lucky)

They wanted me not to be afraid.

能够这样用的动词有ask, help, wish, invite, tell, allow, re-quest, cause, order, permit, want, except, intend, warn等。

) 在感官动词和使役动词make, let, have出现的不定式作宾补省略to, 但变为被动句后, 宾补变为主补to要还原。

I saw Peter get on the ship yesterday afternoon.

——Peter was seen to get on the ship yesterday afternoon.

3 动词不定式的复合结构和疑问结构的用法

3.1 复合结构for+名词 (或代词宾格) +to do

名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语, 此种结构可在句中充当各种句子成分。

It is necessary for us to go to France by plane.The matter is for my sister to decide.

The matter is for my sister to decide.

3.2 疑问词+不定式结构

疑问词:what, whether, why, when, where, how+to do可以在句子中充当多种句子成分。

1) 在decide, inquire, learn, remember, see, wonder, forget, know, settle等动词后+疑问结构作宾语, 例如:

They haven’t decide whether to buy the house.

She forgot which school to go.

2) 在advise, teach, show, ask, tell, instruct, inform等后+疑问结构作宾补。

He advised me what to ask in the classroom.

They have told me when to begin this evening.

) 疑问结构可以作介词的宾语。

The question of what to use has not been decided.

4) 疑问结构作表语。

Our difficulty is how to find a English dictionary now.

5) 疑问结构做主语。:

What to do next week is not yet clear.

4 动词不定式的语态和各种时态的用法

1) 动词不定式一般式所表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生。

I saw him sing happily. (与谓语动词同时发生)

I hope to see you next year. (在谓语动词之后发生)

2) 不定式进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生, 强调动作正在延续。

She’s glad to be working with you in the same factory.

3) 不定式完成所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前, 强调动作已完成。

I am regret to have given you too much trouble.

I pretended to have seen him last weekend.

4) 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时, 用被动语态。

He asked the manager to sent him to China. (主动)

He asked to be sent to China. (被动)

Tom is t likely to have told him about it. (主动)

Tom is t likely to have been told about it. (被动)

参考文献

[1]薄冰.英语语法[M].北京:开明出版社, 2007.

非谓语动词之动词不定式 篇3

动词的非谓语形式有三种：

(1)动词不定式：to study(to + 动词原形)

(2)分词：studying(现在分词)、studied(过去分词)

(3)动名词：studying(形式与现在分词相同)

一、动词不定式

(一)作主语。在不定式短语作主语的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主语，而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。如：

To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不应该了。

It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我们不接受邀请不合适

但是，下列形容词做表语时，不定式的逻辑主语由 of 引出：

careless粗心的，clever聪明的，cruel残忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘气的，nice好的，polite礼貌的，right正确的，rude无礼的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong错误的，等等。

因为这些形容词都是描写人的性格和特点的形容词。“It is + 形容词 +of sb + to do sth”这样的句型更强调某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”这一结构更强调做某事如何如何

(二)作宾语及宾语补语。

1、有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：afford负担得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt试图，beg乞求，begin开始，choose选择，claim声称，consent同意，dare敢，decide决定，decline谢绝，desire欲想，demand要求，determine决心，expect期待，fail失败，forget忘记，hate讨厌，help帮助，hope希望，intend打算，learn学习，like喜欢，long渴望，manage设法，mean打算，need需要，offer主动提出，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，prepare准备，pretend假装，promise答应，refuse拒绝，remember记得，seek寻求，seem好像，tend倾向，threaten威胁，undertake承担，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。

2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where还有whether等词连用作宾语。常跟这种结构作宾语的动词有：ask询问，advise建议，consider考虑，decide决定，discover发现，discuss讨论，explain解释，find out查明，forget忘记，inquire打听，know知道，learn学会，remember记得，show演示，tell告诉，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer.3、有些动词需要不定式作宾语补足语。这种动词常见的有：ask请求，advise劝告，allow允许，beg乞求，believe相信，call on号召，cause促使，compel强迫，command指挥，direct指导，enable使…能够，encourage鼓励，expect期望，feel觉得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜欢，have使，hear听见，help帮助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀请,instruct指示，know知道，lead引导，let让，like喜欢，listen to 听，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe观察，order命令，permit允许，persuade说服，prefer更喜欢，press施加压力，remind提醒，request请求，teach教，tell告诉，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。

Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。这样的动词有：feel觉得，have使，hear听见，help帮助，let让，listen to 听，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看见，observe 观察，watch观看 等，一类是感官动词，一类是使役动词。

A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看见事故发生。

上述help后面的不定式省掉to与保留to都可以。在被动语态中，上述动词后面的不定式要把省去的to还原。

I heard the dog come in.我听见那条狗进来。

=The dog was heard to come in.有人听见那条狗进来。

I saw her go out by bike.我看见她骑着自行车出去了。

=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看见她骑着自行车出去了。

在had better(最好)，would rather(宁愿)，would sooner(宁愿)，would(just)as soon(宁愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成语后面也跟不带to的不定式：

He would rather listen to others than talk himself.Rather than和sooner than同义，都是“宁可”，“与其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。当它们放在句首时，其后跟不带to的不定式;在其它位置时其后的不定式可带也可不带to:

Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.He decided to write rather than telephone.他决定写信，不打电话。

The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.经理相信重要的是投资买新机器，而不是增加工资。

4、有些动词要求省掉to的不定式作宾语补语。

在Why 起首的疑问句中跟不带to的不定式：

Why not come with us? 为什么不跟我们一起来呢? =Why don’ t you come with us?

5、不定式作宾语而后面还有宾语补语时，常用it来代替不定式短语，而把真正作宾语的不定式短语放在补足语后面。常见的动词有：consider认为，feel觉得，find发现，make使，think认为，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。

Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?

注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建议，这三个词不能跟不定式作宾补。

I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快乐。

I suggest that you take him seriously.我建议你要把他当回事。

I advise you not to take him seriously.我建议你不要把他当回事。

We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我们要求他们给个确切的答

(三)作定语。不定式短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰的词之后，有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。常见的有：ability能力，agreement一致，协议，ambition抱负、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt试图，campaign战役，chance机会，claim声称，courage勇气，decision决定，determination决心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失败，hope希望，intention目的意图，motive force动力，movement运动、协议，need需要，opportunity机会，plan计划，promise诺言，readiness乐意，refusal拒绝，reluctance勉强不愿，resolution决心，tendency倾向，right权力，struggle斗争，threat威胁，time时候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。

与这些词相对应的形容词或动词常接动词不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

作定语时不定式表示将要发生的动作。

There is not any one to save him.没有任何能救他的人。

He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那种撒谎的人。

(四)作表语。放在系动词之后。

To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.赌博就是自杀，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批评别人就是树敌。

To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。

(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括

whether)

(1)做主语。

例如：

Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找谁帮忙是她想知道的。

It’s problem what to do.干什么还是个问题。

How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表语。例如：

The question is which to take first.问题是先拿哪一个。

What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。

The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。

I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我发现了在哪里买这些东西便宜。

Do you remember when to switch off the machine?

有些双宾语及物动词，也可用这个结构做直接宾语。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：

I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎样使用遥控器。

The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定语。例句:

I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作状语。不定式短语作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

(1)表示目的。如:

We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.为了强调，有时用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)加动词原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式习惯用语放在句首或句尾，作独立成分。例如：

To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老实(和你)说，这不令人满意。

To be fair, she is an honest girl.说句公道话，她是一个诚实的姑娘。

To tell you the truth, you are wrong..实话告诉你，你错了。

(2)表示原因。例如:

To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner.不定式短语可以和表示情绪的形容词和过去分词连用，有时说明产生这种情绪的原因，有时不是说明原因，而是和形容词一起说明主语的情况。

常见的这类形容词和过去分词有：

able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到惊异的，angry生气的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到惊讶的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聪明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel残忍的，deep深的，delighted 高兴的，difficult有困难的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有决心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合适的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸运的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高兴的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艰苦的，lucky 幸运的，overjoyed 高兴的，pleased高兴的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 准备好的，relieved 感到轻松的，right正确的，sad悲伤的，shocked感到惊讶的，sorry难过的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到惊讶的，unable没能力的，useless没用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 错误的等。

He’ll be angry to hear these words.听到这些话他会生气的。

You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我当你们老师，你们很幸运。

He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做结果状语只限于下面几个词：learn得知，find 发现，see 看见，hear 听见，to be told被告知，make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的结果。例如:

He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off.(4)不定式还可以与“be said, be reported,…”等连用构成复合谓语。这一结构可变成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(见被动语态部分)。如：

It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的时态。动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式、进行式和完成式。

(1)一般式(to+动词原形)：表示与主句谓语动词动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或在主句谓语动词之后发生的事情。例如：

We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我们这边我们很高兴。

I saw him go out.(2)进行式(to be+现在分词)：表示主句谓语的动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行。例如：

She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+过去分词)：表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情。

如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母。

动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它们的过去时。另外还有should/would like/love。这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。例如：

The game were to have taken place in Room

He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被动语态。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：

一般式：to be+过去分词

完成式：to have been+过去分词

You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸运已经被接受了。

These criminals are to be hanged.这些罪犯是将被绞死的。

(九)为了避免重复，不定式可省略，但to有时保留，有时不保留。例如：

You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你会成功的。

George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to.George 说要离开上海，但是我不认为他真的愿意走。

后面常省略不定式而保留to的结构，还有：

used to常常 be going to 打算

mean to打算 ought to应该

plan to 计划 want to要想

(十)两个不定式由and, or, except, but, than 连接时，第二个可省略to，尤其是两个不定式紧密相连时。例如:

I intend to call on him and discuss this question again.We had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the cinema.句子中but后面的不定式带不带to，取决于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有与do/did有关的词(do作谓语，to do作定语等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：

I can do nothing but go there alone.除了独自一个到那里去，我别无选择。

1.用动词不定式结构完成下列句子：

1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early

2)I am going _____(问问题).→ to ask some questions

3)I’ve been hoping ______(会见格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr.Green

4)It is difficult ______(照顾这么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies

5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight

6)She is afraid ____(独自去).→ to go alone

7)I pretended ______(睡着了).→ to be asleep

8)I should like _____(今晚去看那个话剧).→to go to watch that drama tonight

9)Be careful ____(别着凉).→not to catch cold

10)Mr.Green seemed ____(越来越不喜欢他).→to dislike him more and more

11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不动).→for you to carry

12)You have to work hard ____(考试及格).→to pass the examination

13)Tom intends ____(找个新工作).→to look for a new job

14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat

15)I hate _____(这么早离开),but I am afraid ____(我不得不这么早离开).→to leave so early;I have to

16)The enemy soldiers refused ____(再战斗下去).→ To fight anymore

17)He decided _____(成为物理学家).→to become a physicist

18)The woman came out ____(看看在发生什么事).→to see what was happening

19)I mean _____(完成这个任务), one way or another.→to accomplish the task

20)He was planning _____(和她一起去).→to go with her

21)He seems _____(过去是个猎手).→to have been a hunter

22)I happened _____(看过这本书).→to have read the book

23)I happened ____(正挨着他站着)when he was shot.→to be standing next to him

24)The enemy is believed ____(已被击败).→to have been defeated

25)The teacher wanted the composition ______(当堂做完).→to be finished in class

沈阳牛津英语动词不定式简化说明 篇4

动词不定式

一、分类

⒈基本动词不定式:to do;to do sth

其中的“to”叫动词不定式符号，没汉语意思；其中的do，代替一切动词原形。例：to jump;to drink it ⒉复合动词不定式： “of sb to do ”;“for sb to do sth ”

⒊疑问动词不定式:“疑问词/疑问短语 + to do”

例：①.to how learn English well→_________ to learn English well

②.to eat what→_________ to eat

③.to when hold the meeting→_________ to hold the meeting

二、不定式的否定：不定式前加not例：to walk→ _________ to walk

三、不定式的基本用法：

⒈作宾语

offer to do sth

plan to do sth

learn 动词 + 基本动词不定式

continue to do sth

...decide when to leave

know what to do

learn how to use the computer

动词 + 疑问动词不定式

...2.作宾补

3.作状语，表示目的She went there to take some photos.She taught them to sing to bring them joy and peace.4.作定语

I’ve made a decision to play basketball.（to 后动词有宾语）

They have something to eaat.（to 后动词无宾语，但与to前构成动宾）