宾语从句的简化（精选8篇）
一、直接引语变间接引语
1. 人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
1). “一随主” 指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时, 变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.
She said “I like playing basketball”.
She said that _____ _____ playing basketball.
2). “二随宾” 指若直接宾语中的.主语为第二人称时, 变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.
She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”.
She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture.
3). “第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时, 变间接宾语时人称保持不变.
She said to me “They want to help me”.
She told me that _____ _____ to help me.
2. 指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化
二、 宾语从句的考查
宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 考查宾语从句的语序：
宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主语+谓语+……
Do you know when __________?
A. does the next train leave B. the next train leaves
C. will the next train leave D. the next train will leave
注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有：
1). who在从句中作主语。
Can you tell me _________? (谁将来这儿)
2). what’s wrong / the matter?
He asked what was the matter with me.
3). what happened
I don’t know what happened yesterday.
4). which is the way to ….?
Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?
2. 考查宾语从句的引导词
1). 若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。
She said “I’m gald to see you” = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me.
2). 宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether. 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether.
He saked me “Are you going to Wuhan ?” = He asked me ______ _____ _____ going to Wuhan.
I’m thinking about ______ to go there.
A. if B. whether C. that
3). 宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。
Do you know ________? I’m not sure, Maybe he is a businessman.
A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do
4). 若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth. 若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth.
“Don’t open the door” The teacher said. = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door.
3.宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor.
A. what is he B. what he was C. what he is D. what was he
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
He asked ____________.
A. what time it is B. what time is it C. what time it was D. what time was it
He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.
A. is preparing B. was preparing C. will prepare D. has prepared
注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
Our teacher said that January_____(be) the first month of the year.
Our teacher said that the earth ___(go) around the sun.
2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。
Could you tell me _______?
A. what he was doing B. what was he doing
C. what he is doing D. what is he doing
4. if /when 引导状语从句和宾语从句这两种从句。从句的时态的确定。
Can you guess if they___ to play football with us?
I think they will come if they ____free.
A. come, are B. will come, will be C. will come, are D. come, will be
Can you tell me when he____here tomorrow?
When he _____ here, please call me.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come C. will come, comes D. comes, will come
5. 宾语从句的简化：
1). 宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”.
I hope I can meet you again.
I hope _____ _____ you again.
2). 宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”.
I don’t know what I should do next.
I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next.
Could you tell me how I can get there?
Could you tell me ____ ____ _____ there?
John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy.
John didn’t decide _____ ____ _____ _____ .
3). hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为“hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth”.
I heard that they were singing in the next room.
=I heard _____ _____ in the next room.
We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree.
We found _____ _____ with the cat under the tree.
一、宾语从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句, 也无论主、从句之间使用什么关联词连接, 宾语从句的语序一律使用陈述语序。
1.陈述句变为宾语从句时, 语序不变, 仍使用陈述语序。如:
“He is an honest boy, ”the teacher said.→The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy.
2.一般疑问句或特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时, 语序变为陈述语序。如:
Does he work hard?I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.→
When did he leave?I don’t know.I don’t know when he left.→
Who did you see just now?I ask.I ask who you saw just now.→
注意:在特殊疑问句中, 疑问代词who, what等作主语时, 疑问句语序是陈述语序, 故在变为宾语从句时语序不变。如:
Who will give us a talk?Please tell us.Please tell us who will give us a talk.→
二、宾语从句的关联词
引导宾语从句的关联词有三种:1) that;2) if或whether;3) 特殊疑问词。
1.当宾语从句具有陈述意义时, 用that引导。此处that无实际含义, 只起引导作用, 在口语或非正式文体中常常被省略。如:
He said (that) he could fi nish his work before supper.
2.当宾语从句是不确定的情况时, 用if或whether引导, 意为“是否”, 不能被省略。如:
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.
3) 当宾语从句相当于一个特殊疑问句时, 用相应的特殊疑问词引导。如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
三、宾语从句的时态
包含宾语从句的复合句, 主、从句谓语动词的时态相对呼应。
1.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时, 宾语从句的时态根据实际情况选用相应的时态。如:
I don’t know when he will come back.
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.
2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时, 宾语从句的时态需在过去时的基础上进行调整。如:
He said that he had been there for three times.
We expected that they would come on time.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等, 无论主句使用什么时态, 宾语从句都用一般现在时。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.巩固练习:
() 1.Do you think______an English fi lm tomorrow night?
A.is there B.there is going to be
C.there is going to have D.will there be
() 2.—Do you know______now?—In the hospital.
A.where is Tom working B.where did Tom work
C.where Tom is working D.where Tom worked
() 3.—I don’t know______he will come tomorrow.
—______he comes, I’ll tell you.
A.if, Whether B.whether, Whether
C.if, That D.if, If
() 4.—I want to know______.
—Neither do I.
A.whom is she looking after B.whom she looking after is
C.whom is looking she after D.whom she is looking after
() 5.—Could you tell me______?I have something interesting to tell him.
—Come with me, please.
A.where Mike has been to B.where Mike is
C.where has Mike gone D.where Mike was
() 6.—I wonder______.
—I’m sure it is something about his concert.
A.what’s he writing to me about B.what he’s writing to me about
C.who’s he writing to me D.who he’s writing to me
() 7.—Are you sure______?
—Yes, I’m quite sure, because I saw his suitcase at the door.
A.that he has returned B.if he has returned
C.when he has returned D.who has returned
() 8.______why I asked you to come.
A.Could you tell me B.I believe
C.I’ll tell you C.How did you know
() 9.Your success will depend on______.
A.what do you and how do you B.what you do and how you do
C.what do you do and how do you do it D.what you do and how you do it
() 10.—Do you know______?
—No, I don’t.I haven’t seen her for a week.
A.where has Marie gone B.where Marie has gone
C.where has Marie been D.where Marie has been
一、宾语从句的语序
无论是表示陈述还是表示疑问，宾语从句都要使用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。例如：
He said that he had left his watch at home. 他说他把手表忘在家里了。
The teacher asked me what I was going to do this evening. 老师问我今天晚上准备干什么。
They asked me where I came from. 他们问我是从哪里来的。
She wanted to know which shop offered the best service.
她想知道哪家商店提供的服务最好。
I don’t know if he lives here. 我不知道他是否住在这里。
二、宾语从句连接词的选用
宾语从句的连接词可分为三类：
1． 连词that。that本身无意义，只起连接作用，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中，that常被省略。例如：
They promised (that) they would do their best. 他们答应他们将尽最大努力。
The manager said (that) he didn’t like my work. 经理说他不喜欢我的工作。
He told me (that) the firm could not pay such large salaries.
他告诉我公司付不起如此巨额的工资。
I am sure (that) it will be fine tomorrow. 我肯定明天是晴天。
2. 连词if和whether。if 和whether意为“是否”，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如：
I don’t know if/whether they will come tomorrow. 我不知道他们明天来不来。
Please make sure if/whether there is a flight leaving for Shanghai.
请弄清楚是否有飞往上海的航班。
He asked me if/whether I had seen the film. 他问我是否看过这部影片。
Do you care if/whether you win or not? 你对自己是否会赢很介意吗？
if 和whether一般情况下可互换，但在介词后，与不定式或or not连用时多用whether而不用if。例如：
It depends on whether we have enough money. 那要看我们是否有足够的钱。
I’m not interested in whether she’ll come or not. 她来不来，我不感兴趣。
I don’t know whether or not it is right to do so. 我不知道这样做是否正确。
Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能告诉我是去还是留？
3. 连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what和连接副词when, where, how, why等。连接代词或连接副词在从句的前面，起连接主句和从句的作用，从句用陈述语序。它们在从句中充当一定的成分，并保留原来的词义。例如：
Do you know who won the first prize? 你知道谁得了一等奖？
Do you know whom she is waiting for? 你知道她在等谁？
Please tell me whose book this is. 请告诉我这是谁的书。
Please tell me which book I should read first. 请告诉我首先应看哪一本书。
He wanted to know what had happened. 他想知道发生了什么事。
We can’t remember when the building was built. 我们不记得这幢楼是什么时候建造的。
Do you know where the nearest post office is? 你知道最近的邮电局在哪里吗？
I don’t know why he was absent from school. 我不知道他为什么没有来上学。
We have learned how an automatic production line is formed.
我们已经知道自动化生产线是如何形成的。
三、宾语从句时态的呼应
宾语从句的时态必须与主句的时态保持一致，通常有以下几种情况：
1． 主句的谓语动词是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况使用任何一种时态。例如：
She says she often goes there on foot.
She says she will go there tomorrow.
She says she went there yesterday.
She says she has been there twice.
2. 当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，宾语从句的谓语动词要用过去时态的某种形式，如过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时或过去将来时。例如：
She said she went there.
She said she had been there twice.
She said she would go there.
但如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理等时，从句谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的限制，仍使用一般现在时。例如：
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
老师告诉我们光的传播速度比声音快。
The teacher told the students that the earth is round. 老师告诉学生们地球是圆的。
The teacher said that China lies in Asia. 老师说中国位于亚洲。
The science teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.[2]
宾语从句是中考的重要考点。本课的知识点已经讲授过，重复讲解，学生会感觉比较乏味。所以在这节课开始，我设计一些有针对性的练习，让学生通过热身，回忆所学的知识，并小组讨论，来尽可能多的总结宾语从句的连接词，语序，时态的用法。让学生在练习和总结中，自己去体验。我认为教会他们学习的能力比教授知识更重要。之后，通过设计一些任务，来系统归纳宾语从句的用法，并通过小组竞赛，通过生生互动来促进组内学生的掌握程度。生生的相互学习，相互教授，比教师主讲这个知识点，取得的效果更为明显。让绝大部分学生都积极在课堂上思考，讨论，能很好地促进学习，提高学习效率。使复习课课堂不再沉闷，焕发出新的力量，让学生成为课堂的主人。
总之，通过本节课的学习，大部分学生能基本完成宾语从句的复习内容，但是还有少部分学生还处于一知半解的状态，对宾语从句的连接词，语序，时态的用法还不能完全了解。须继续巩固，不断反复。我认为，在今后的英语教学中，要更多的在学生独立思考的基础上提倡合作学习，共同进步，注重学生的自主性和创造性的发挥。同时，在授课过程中一定要多考虑学生的实际情况，适当调整教学内容，多给与学生更明确的学习指导，那学生对这个知识点就会掌握得较好。使每一位学生在愉快的学习中获得知识，发展个性。
A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say
2. Can you tell me ________?
A. which class you are in B. which class are you in
C. you are in which class D. are you in which class
3. ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______? --- Certainly.
A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station
C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station
4. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday?
A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went
5. Tom asked me ________.
A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was
C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was
6. Excuse me, could you tell me _______?
A. where’s the teachers’ office B. where’s the bus station
C. what’s she doing D. where the post office is
7. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______.
A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live
8. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help. --- But I don’t know _______.
A. where does he live B. where he lives
C. where is he living D. he lives there
9. --- Can you tell me ______? --- Yes, he lives in a small town.
A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said
10. Have you decided ______ for London?
A. when will you leave B. when you will leave
C. when are you going D. when you are going
11. Excuse me. Could you tell me ______our tickets?
A. where do we show B. where shall we show
C. where did we show D. where we shall show
12. --- What are you interested in about cooking food? --- We are all interested in ______.
A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. how egg fries D. how does egg fry
13. Do you know _______?
A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it
14. Do you know _______?
A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. who’s book this is
15. I don’t know ______ now.
A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat
16. Does he know ______?
A. what’s your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. what your name is
17. Do you know ______?
A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on
C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on
18. Can you tell me where _______?
A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is
19. He hasn’t decided _______.
A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wuxi B. when will he go on a trip to Wuxi
C. if he goes on a trip to Wuxi D. when does he go on a trip to Wuxi
20. Can you see ________?
A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading
1连接词
什么是宾语从句:用一个句子来作主句的宾语, 这个句子就叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词有三种, 即连接代词that, i f, w h e t h e r和疑问代词w h o, w h o m, whose, what, which, 疑问副词where, w he n, h ow, w h y等, 它们的用法如下。
(1) 当用陈述句 (肯定句和否定句) 来作宾语从句时, 用连词that引导。That本身没有词义, 在从句中也不起语法作用, 口语中常被省略。例如:
He said that he has been to Beijing twice.他说他已经去过北京两次。
在本句中, he said是主句, he has been to Beijing twice是宾语从句, that是连接代词, 无意义, 可省略。
We know that they don’t live in China.
我们知道他们没有住在中国。
在这句中, we know是主句, they don’t live in China是宾语从句, that也是连接代词, 无意义, 可省略。
小结:这部分知识比较简单, 学生学得轻松, 很少出错。
(2) 当用一般疑问句作宾语从句时, 用if或者whether引导, if或whether在从句中不作任何成分, 只起连接作用, 具有“是否”的意思, 不能省略。在大多数情况下, if和whether可以互换。
I don’t know (主句) Are these figures accurate? (从句)
I don’t know if/whether these figures are accurate.
我不知道这些数字是否准确
句中的画线部分是连接词, 在此不作任何成分, 是“是否”的意思, 但不能省略。
We are wondering (主句) Is the letter overweight? (从句)
We are wondering if/whether the letter is overweight.
我们想知道这封信是否超重了。
同样, 句中的画线部分是连接词, 在此不作任何成分, 是“是否”的意思, 也不能省略。总之, 学生在学习这部分知识时, 常把if翻译成“如果”, 即将宾语从句和条件状语从句中的if混淆起来;把whether误译为weather (天气) 。老师在教学过程中, 要特别强调这点。以免学生混淆出错。
(3) 当特殊疑问句作宾语从句时, 用特殊疑问词 (疑问代词和疑问副词) 引导, 这些特殊疑问词除了起连接作用外, 还在从句中充当一定的成分 (主语、宾语、定语或状语) , 并且保留其疑问意义。例如:
I just can’t imagine (主句) How could he have done such a thing? (从句)
I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing.
我简直不能想象他怎么可能做出这样的事?
Have you decided (主句) Who are you to nominate as your candidate? (从句)
Have you decided who you are to nominate as your candidate?
你们已经决定打算提谁作候选人了吗?
以上两句中的画线部分都是特殊疑问词, 在句中起连接宾语从句的作用, how是疑问副词, 是“怎样”的意思, 在句中作状语。who是疑问代词, 在句中作宾语, 可以换成whom, 是“谁”的意思。
2时态
定语从句的时态比较复杂, 一般要受主句时态的限制, 即要与主句的时态保持一致。主要分以下三种情况:
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态、一般将来时态和祈使句时, 从句时态不受限制, 可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。一般来说, 从句的时态不变。例如:
M r.S m i t h w a n t s t o k n o w (主句) When did they come back? (从句)
Mr.Smith wants to know when they came back.
斯密斯先生想知道他们是什么时候回来的。
本句中从句用的是一般过去时态, 时态没有变, 只是助动词did省去了, come改为came。
Do you know (主句) Will he go to the park? (从句)
Do you know if he will go to the p a r k?
你知道他是否要去公园吗?
此句的从句使用的是一般将来时态, 时态未变, 语序变成陈述句语序。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时, 从句时态应该与主句保持一致, 即用过去的某种形式。也就是一般现在时改为一般过去时, 现在进行时改为过去进行时, 一般将来时改为过去将来时, 现在完成时改为过去完成时。例如:
He told me He is having lunch.
He told me that he was having lunch
他告诉过我他正在吃午饭。
.此从句改为过去进行时态。
We asked How lon g ha s she worked here?
We asked how long she had worked h e r e
我们问过她在这里工作多长时间了。
这句的从句变成了过去完成时态。
(3) 当宾语从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象时, 从句时态不受主句时态限制, 常用一般现在时态。例如:
The teacher said The earth goes around the sun.
The teacher said that the earth goes arou nd the sun..
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
从句表述的是客观真理, 所以依然用一般现在时态。
Ancient people knew Winter comes after autumn.
Ancient people knew that winter comes after autumn.. (从句是一般现在时态)
古代的人们就知道秋去冬来。
这个宾语从句表达的是自然现象, 因此也用一般现在时态。
在学习和应用时态这部分知识时, 学生经常忘记改变时态, 错误较多。老师应多强调。
3语序
宾语从句中, 无论是that, if, whether的引导的, 还是特殊疑问词引导的, 从句都用陈述句语序。即主句+引导词+从句主语+从句谓语+其他。
(1) 当宾语从句是陈述句时, 从句语序不变。例如:
They said that they hadn’t finished their homework yet.
他们说他们还没有完成家庭作业。
(2) 当宾语从句是疑问句 (一般疑问句和特殊疑问句) 时, 语序用:主句+引导词+从句主语+从句谓语+其他。特别注意的是, 从句中的does, did, do等助词要去掉, 从句的谓语动词要作相应变化, 即从句的时态在谓语动词上体现。
Can you tell me How does Lucy go to work?
Can you tell me how Lucy goes to w o r k?
你能告诉我露西是怎样去上班的吗? (从句中的does去掉了, go变为goes.)
We don’t know Where did they buy the books?
We don’t know where they bought t h e b o o k..
我们不知道他们在哪里买的这些书。 (从句中的did去掉了, buy变成bought.)
Lucy wants to know Do they have to work late?
Lucy wants to know if they have to wor k la te.
露西想知道他们是否必须工作到很晚。 (从句中的do不用了, have不变。)
这部分知识, 学生错误最多, 常见的错误就是从句没用陈述句, 助动词要么没有去掉, 要么去掉后时态该改而没有改。老师要特别强调。
4否定的转移
在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中, 有时谓语是否定意思, 却不用否定形式, 而是将think, believe, suppose, expect等动词变为否定形式, 即否定主句。这就是否定的转移, 是一种特殊的否定形式。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he?
我看他不在乎, 对吧?
He doesn’t expect we need worry.
他认为我们不必着急。
They don’t think so.
他们认为情况并非如此。
5结语
宾语从句的连接词、时态、语序和否定的转移是教学的重点和难点, 尤其是对高职高专的大多数学生而言, 重要性更是不言而喻的。老师在教学过程中应该重点强调这四方面, 从而让学生学懂学好。
参考文献
[1]张道真.实用英语语法[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1995.
[2]章振邦.新编英语语法 (下) [M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1986.
[3]王道俊.教育学[M].北京:北京人民教育出版社.1987.
if 和 whether 都可以用作连词,引导宾语从句,意为“是否”,但它们在句中不作任何句子成分｡ if 多用于口语和非正式文体中, whether 多用于比较正式的文体中｡一般情况下,两者可以互换使用｡但在下列情况下,只能用 whether,而不能用if｡
1. 在介词后面｡例如:
We’re talking about whether the plan is good enough. 我们正在讨论那个计划是否足够好｡
2. 在动词不定式前面｡例如:
He can’t decide whether to go for a holiday in the south or not. 他不能决定是否去南方度假｡
3. 直接与 or not 连用｡例如:
No one can exactly know whether or not it is sunny tomorrow. 没有人确切地知道明天是否是晴天｡
4. 在动词 discuss 的后面｡例如:
Did you discuss whether you’ll have a hike next week? 你们讨论下周是否去郊游了吗?
请注意: whether 还可以引导主语从句和表语从句,而 if 则不能｡例如:
The question is whether he is fit for the job. 问题是他能否胜任此项工作｡
if 可以引导否定的宾语从句,而 whether 则不能｡例如:
Mrs Smith asked her son if he hadn’t told her the truth. 史密斯夫人问她的儿子是不是他没有把事情的真相告诉她｡
焦点二､ 宾语从句的时态
宾语从句谓语动词的时态一般要受主句谓语动词时态的影响｡当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以根据具体情况使用适当的时态;当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,宾语从句的谓语动词应使用相应的过去时态｡但当宾语从句表示的是名言､客观真理或自然现象等时,从句谓语动词的时态一般不受主句谓语动词时态的限制,习惯上使用一般现在时｡例如:
I wonder how she came back yesterday. 我想知道她昨天是如何回来的｡
She said that they would go for a picnic. 她说她们要去野餐｡
Andy told her son that leaves turn yellow in autumn. 安迪告诉她的儿子树叶在秋天会变黄｡
焦点三､ 宾语从句的语序
由 if, whether, how, when, where 等连接词引导的宾语从句用陈述句语序,即:连接词+主语+谓语｡例如:
What did he say? I want to know.(将两个句子合成一个句子)→I want to know what he said. 我想知道他说了些什么｡
当 what 和 who 在原来的句子中作主语,那么变为宾语从句时,还用原来的语序｡例如:
What has happened to the Green family? Do you know? →Do you know what has happened to the Green family? 你知道格林家发生了什么事吗?
Who has finished the composition? The teacher asks. →The teacher asks who has finished the composition. 老师问谁已经写完了作文｡
焦点四､ 宾语从句中的否定前移
当主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动词是 think, suppose, guess, believe, imagine 等时,若宾语从句表示否定意义,通常将否定词 not 前移到主句谓语部分中去｡例如:
She doesn’t like swimming. I think. →I don’t think she likes swimming. 我想她不喜欢游泳｡
Mary hasn’t been to Japan. We guess. →We don’t guess Mary has been to Japan. 我们猜测玛丽没有去过日本｡
焦点五､ 宾语从句与动词不定式(短语)的转换
1. 当 hope, agree, wish, decide, choose, promise 等动词后面接 that 引导的宾语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可转换成动词不定式(短语)｡例如:
Father promised that he would buy a new computer for me. →Father promised to buy a new computer for me.
2. 当 know, tell, forget, remember, learn, explain, consider 等动词作主句谓语动词,其后接连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句,并且从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,宾语从句可转换成“连接代词/副词+动词不定式(短语)”结构｡例如:
We don’t know what we should do next. →We don’t know what to do next.
3. 当 tell, ask, show, teach 等动词作主句谓语动词,其后接双宾语,且直接宾语是连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句(从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致)时,宾语从句可转换成“连接代词/副词+动词不定式(短语)”结构｡例如:
She asked me which skirt she should chose. →She asked me which skirt to choose.
注意:在以上三种情况中,宾语从句的谓语动词动词多表示将来意义｡
4. 在 suppose, feel, think, believe, find 等动词后的宾语从句可以转换成含有不定式短语的复合宾语｡
(1) 宾语从句的主语转换成宾语,从句的谓语部分转换成宾语补足语,即为动词不定式短语“to be+形容词/名词”｡例如:
I find that the plan is unrealistic. →I find the plan(to be) unrealistic. 我觉得这个计划不符合实际｡
(2) 宾语从句“it is +形容词/名词+动词不定式短语”转换成“it(形式宾语)+形容词/名词(宾语补足语)+动词不定式短语(宾语)”的复合宾语｡例如:
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