高考英语的知识点（通用8篇）
表示方位的介词：
in, to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.
上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。
Japan is/lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.
蒙古国位于中国北边。
2
表示计量的介词：
at, for, by
1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。
It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.
它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price.
我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。
He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百元把车卖了。
注意：at表示单价(price) ，for表示总钱数。
3. by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。
They paid him by the month.
他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight.
在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
3
表示材料的介词：
of, from, in
1. of成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.
这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from成品已看不出原料。
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in表示用某种材料或语言。
Please fill in the form in pencil first.
请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English.
他们用英语交谈。
4
表示工具或手段的
介词：by, with, on
1. by用某种方式，多用于交通。
I went there by bus.
我坐公共汽车去那儿。
2. with表示“用某种工具”。
He broke the window with a stone.
他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。
3. on表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.
他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
她通过收音机/电视学英语。
5
表示关于的介词：
of, about, on
1. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。
He spoke of the film the other day.
他前几天提到了这部影片。
2. about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
Can you tell me something about yourself?
你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗?
3. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。
It’s a textbook on the history of china.
它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
6
表原因或理由的介词
for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
1. for表示原因，与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame连用。
I am sorry for what I said to you.
我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
2. at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而……”。
He was surprised at the news.
听到这消息他大吃一惊。
3. from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。
He died from the wound.
他因受伤而致死。
4. of指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。
The old man died of hunger.
老人死于饥饿。
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。
He was shaking with anger.
他气得浑身发抖。
6. by表示外部的，尤其是的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age.
他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake.
我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。
Owing to the rain they could not come.
由于下雨他们没来。
9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……”。
Thanks to John, we won the game.
多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。
10. out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于……”。
He asked the question out of curiosity.
他出于好奇才问了那个问题。
11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。
The war was lost through bad organization.
战争因组织不周而失败了。
7
表示好像或当作的
介词：like, as
1. like表示“像……一样”，其实不是。
Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.
彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。
2. as表示“作为，以……身份”，其实也是。
He talked to me as a father.
他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
注：as作连词时，可表示“好像……”。
The work is not so difficult as you imagine.
这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
8
表示支持或反对的
介词：against, for
against反对，for支持，互为反义词。
Are you for my idea or against it?
你赞同还是反对我的想法?
9
表示除某人某物外的
介词：besides, excep
1. besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外，还”。
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影(共计31人去)。
He is interested in tennis besides(=as well as)football.
他对足球和网球都感兴趣。
2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。
Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每个人都很激动(我并不激动)。
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(他不是日本人)
注意：(A) except通常与表示全体的all, every连用;若与other连用，只能用besides。
He had other people to take care of besides me.
除我之外,他还要照顾别人。
(B) except是排除同类;而except for是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上修正。
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几处拼写错误之外，这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)
但except for 有时也可代替 except，特别是在句首时，因为 except 是不能用于句首的。
【例1】They weren’t a particularly good team, but they refused to give in and ______ defeat.
A. accept B. accepted C. accepting D. have accepted
【分析】考生容易误认为accepted与refused并列,于是选B。其实,accept与give in并列,故答案为A。
【例2】Mother told Jim to watch the milk until it boiled and then ______ off the gas.
A. turn B. turning C. turned D. having turned
【分析】答案为A。turn off the gas与watch the milk until it boiled并列。
【例3】He just does what he pleases and never ______ about anyone else.
A. think B. thinks C. thinking D. thought
【分析】答案为B。thinks与前面的does为并列谓语,同用一般现在时。
【例4】I don’t know whether to stay in teaching or ______ another job.
A. trying getting B. to try to get C. trying to get D. try get
【分析】答案为B。to stay in teaching与to try to get another job为两个并列的选择成分,故同用不定式。另外要注意:try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”,try doing sth.表示“尝试做某事”。
二、强调句
【例1】It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______ he spent his childhood.
A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; where
【分析】答案为A。答对此题的关键是要弄清第二空必须填that,因为这是一个强调句,被强调部分为in thesmall house,which was built with stones by his father是修饰它的定语从句。
【例2】It was the boy ______ had been in prison ______ stole the money.
A. who; where B. that; how C. who; that D. that; which
【分析】答案为C。本句中的被强调部分是the boy,who had been in prison是修饰它的定语从句。
【例3】It was just in the room ______ he was born ______ he died.
A. where; which B. that; that C. where; that D. which; that
【分析】答案为C。本句中的被强调部分是in this room。where he was born为修饰the room的定语从句。
三、逗号的陷阱
【例1】 ______ is reported, the project was completed yesterday.
A. It B. As C. This D. What
【分析】考生往往忽略了句子中间的逗号而认为此题是主语从句,把It当作句子的形式主语,况且It is reported...也是一个常用句型,读起来也很有英语语感,于是想当然地选了A。而事实上,答案选错了,因为在主语从句中的连接词that不能省略。正确答案应该为B,构成一个As引导的非限制性定语从句。
【例2】The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make . not making D. do not make
【分析】有的考生一看到句子中的逗号就会想到此题是考查非谓语动词作状语的用法,于是将答案误选为C。其实,在此句中,逗号相当于连词and或but。not to make it more difficult与逗号前面的不定式to make it easier相并列,对其进行补充、说明,因此答案为B。(值得一提的是:不定式并列作表语时,若否定的不定式在前而肯定的不定式在后,一般须用but连接,而不用逗号。如:My dream is not to live on the earth but to live on the moon.)
【例3】There were a lot of people in the reading-room, most of ______ with their heads bent down overtheir books.
A. them B. whom C. that D. which
【分析】乍一看题干结构,考生可能认为这是考查非限制性定语从句,从而将答案误选为B。但事实上,逗号后面由于没有谓语动词,不是完整的句子,而是一个with复合结构,故答案为A。
练一练:
1. Lucy prefers ______ to ______ , so she becomes a singer.
A. dancing; singing B. singing; dancing
C. dance; sing D. sing; dance
2. I am trying to calm down and ______ the whole thing.
A. forget B. forgetting C. will forget D. have forgotten
3. It was in the rice fields ______ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
4. Who was it ______ put so many large stones on the road?
A. this B. he C. that D. she
5. It was when she was about to go to bed ______ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. then D. that
6. It was the training ______ he had as a young man ______ made him such a good engineer.
A. what; that B. that; what C. that; which D. which; that
7. My idea is to visit the museum, ______ to the park.
A. not go B. not going C. not to go D. do not go
8. If you want to go, ______ is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
9. When I say two hours, ______ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. it
10. Unless I’m very much mistaken, ______ is my watch you are wearing.
1. 对比议论类（05全国I）假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信。
2. 数字图表类（04北京）某学校对中学生课余活动进行了调查，结果如下。请根据图表1提供的信息描述学生每天的课余活动，并针对图表2中任何一个数据中反映的情况写出你的一个看法。词数不少于60。
3. 地点介绍（06全国）假定你是李华，应英国朋友Bob的要求，写一封短信介绍你校图书馆的基本情况。内容须包括下面两幅图中的相关信息。
4. 人物类（06北京）国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平，友爱”夏令营活要求报名者提交英文个人简介。假设你是王珊，请根据下列信息写一篇个人简介。
5. 活动安排（08年全国卷Ⅱ）学习中文的各项活动安排。
6. 记叙文 （08年天津卷） 记叙乘地铁时遇到的一件事。
避免常见错误
1. My mother work in a school.（works）
2. They are worker.（workers）
3. My aunt worked hard and he was busy.（she）
4. His parents are all from London.(both）5. They get up early yesterday.（got）
掌握地道的英语 （括号中的句子更好）
1. My money is very little.（I have little money.）
2. My money is more than yours.（I have more money than you.）
3. People in my family are more than those in yours．
（There are more people in my family than in yours.）
4. I teach better than he.（I am a better teacher than you.）
5. I think the plan is not good.（I dont think the plan is good.）
学会变换句型
1. I was too excited to go to sleep．
I was so excited that I couldnt go to sleep. （用从句替换）
2. They got married five years ago．
They have been married for five years. （用完成时替换）
3. He got up early so that he could catch the first bus．
He got up early so as to catch the first bus. （用不定式替换）
4. Try again and you will succeed．
If you try again， you will succeed.（用条件句替换）
5. I am sorry I missed the bus．
I wish I had caught the bus. （用虚拟语气替换）缤 纷 世 界Bin Fen Shi Jie缤 纷 世 界Bin Fen Shi Jie
BEIJINGThe National Peoples Congress (NPC), Chinas top legislature, concluded its annual session Wednesday morning.
“The session was successful, with the further accumulation of common understanding,clarification of goals and reinforcement of confidence,” said Wu Bangguo, chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, in a speech delivered at the sessions closing meeting.
The session resulted in a full representation of the will of the people and the main concepts oft he Communist Party of China (CPC), he said.
NPC deputies, with a strong sense of responsibility and commitment to their mission, exercised their duties as entrusted by the Constitution and law, he said.
At the session, the NPC adopted a number of important documents, including the governments work report, central budget and national economic and social development plan for 2012.
While deliberating the governments work report, deputies agreed that the country made progress in economic, political, cultural, social and environmental arenas in 2011, making for agood beginning for the 12th FiveYear Plan period (20112015), Wu said.
This year will be an important year for China, as the 18th CPC National Congress will be heldlater this year, Wu said.
The NPC will work for the steady growth and stability of the country as it welcomes the 18th CPCNational Congress, he said.
The NPC also adopted several decisions on deputy elections for the 12th NPC and methods fort he election of deputies to the 12th NPC from Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, as well as work reports for the NPC Standing Committee, the Supreme Peoples Court and the Supreme Peoples Procuratorate.
This year, the country will carry out elections for deputies to the next NPC using the same ratio for rural and urban areas for the first time, Wu said.
He pledged to ensure stable and orderly elections in line with relevant laws.
At the closing meeting, lawmakers adopted an amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law.
The revision embodies the constitutional principle of respecting and protecting human rights and is a key improvement to the current legal system of criminal prosecution and litigation, Wu said.
The NPC will work to educate the public about the revised law and prepare for its implementation, he said.
Since this year marks the last session of the 11th NPC, Wu said the NPC will learn from the experience gained in previous years and improve the quality of its work, he said.
Top CPC and state leaders Hu Jintao, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, LiKeqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang attended the closing meeting.
Less than half of the free umbrellas taken by commuters on rainy days as part of a Shanghai Metro project have been returned, according to the citys transport agency.
Passengers have been able to borrow the“Umbrellas for Love”since 2008, with all 280 stations initially issued with a stock of 100.
However, as the city is enduring daily deluges, staff at some stations say their stocks have run dry.
At South Huangpi Road Station on Monday, a sign stated that all umbrellas had been loaned out. A passing service center worker said:“Nobody gives them back.”
An employee at Lujiabang Road station gave the same answer, saying they were waiting for anew batch to arrive.
“Due to public demand and the high rate at which the umbrellas disappear, we have had to distribute extra batches at least three times over the past few years,” said Fan Wenjun, a media officer at Shanghai Metro operation management center.
Data provided by the center showed that of the 88,000 umbrellas allocated to stations, less than half are still in circulation. The return rate was 47.5 percent for the entire metro network in February.
Passengers can borrow an umbrella after writing down their name and phone number at the service center. Usually passengers will be reminded to return the umbrellas within a week to where they were borrowed. Each umbrella is numbered and belongs to a specific station.
“But we dont require passengers to show their IDs or verify their contact information. These umbrellas are loaned out of love. We hope people can cooperate with us,” said a subway worker at Lujiabang Road Station.
A metro employee surnamed Fan at Peoples Square Station, the busiest in the city, estimated that at least half of passengers give false information, which they discover when they call to remind them to return the umbrella.
China Daily talked to eight Shanghai residents. All said they would return the umbrellas.
分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等。分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词一般有被动和完成两大特征。
过去分词的定语和表语功能定语表“完成”或“被动”
boiled water开水 fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳 selected apples 精选苹果
spoken English英语口语 iced beer冰镇啤酒
cooked food熟食 fried chips炸土豆条
单个的过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。 Hurry up，there is only a little time left.快点，时间不多了。
If you wish everything changed，please say so.
你如果希望改变一切，请说明。
过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。 Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled
with many books(=which is filled with many books).
靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。
Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought
up by me)has begun to work now.
由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.
当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。
过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。 My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
My glasses were broken by my son.
我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)
On the earth，70% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)
I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.
He was rejected by the army because he was under age. 他因尚未成年而被拒绝参军。
You shouldn’t sell cigarettes to teenagers who are under age. 你不应该把香烟卖给没未成年的青少年。
under arrest 被捕
You are under arrest in the name of the law. 你被依法逮捕了。
He was soon put [placed] under arrest. 他不久就被逮捕了。
under attack遭受攻击
The company has come under fierce attack for its decision to close the factory. 因为决定要关闭工厂，公司受到猛烈攻击。
under consideration 在考虑中;在研究中
The question is now under consideration. 这个问题正在考虑中。
The plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education. 教育部正在研究这个方案。
under construction 在建造中
The new railway is under construction. 新铁路正在修建当中。
The bridge is under construction. 这座桥正在建造中。
There are two new hotels near here under construction. 附近正在兴建两家新的旅馆。
under control 在控制中
They soon got the fire under control. 他们很快把火势控制住。
It took the teacher months to bring his class under control. 这个老师花了几个月的时间才管住了他的班级。
under copyright 享有版权
The poem is still under copyright, so you have to pay to quote it. 该诗仍然享有版权，因此你必须支付引用费。
under cover 在隐蔽处;秘密地;在信封或邮包中
Plans for the attack were made under cover. 进攻计划是秘密制定的。
The check came under cover in yesterday’s mail. 支票是装在信封里和昨天的信一道寄来的。
under discussion 在讨论中;在审议中
That has no relation to the matter under discussion. 那与正在讨论的事无关。
That’s another topic that will come under discussion. 那是另一个要讨论的问题。
under examination 在检查中;在审查中
The prisoner was still under examination. 囚犯仍受审。
The proposals are still under examination. 提案仍在审查中。
under fire 在炮火中;被攻击中
We were under fire from all sides. 我们遭到了来自四面八方的射击。
The headmaster was under fire for not sending the boys home who stole the car. 校长由于没有开除那几个偷汽车的学生，受到责难。
under guarantee 在保修期内
It’s still under guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it. 保证书还有效，所以厂家会给修理的。
The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge. 汽车还在保修期内，所以你应该可以免费修理。
under oath 在法庭上宣过誓要说实话
The judge reminded the witness that he was still under oath. 那法官提醒证人他已宣誓不作伪证。
under obligation 有义务;一定要
The one who did the damage in under obligation to pay for it. 造成损失的人有义务赔偿。
【注】在现代英语中通常用under an [no] obligation的形式：
You’re under no obligation to pay for goods which you did not order. 没有订购的货物就无须付款。
1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：
A)表“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失”
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
★ 高二物理重点知识点梳理
★ 高二生物梳理重点知识点
★ 初二英语知识点梳理
★ 九年级英语重点知识点
★ 初三上册化学期中考试重点知识点梳理
★ 八年级英语知识点梳理总结
★ 小学二年级英语知识点梳理
★ 高考化学重点知识点汇集
★ 江苏高考政治重点知识点
一、文字运用———逻辑思维
文字运用是语文能力中的基础能力,它是学生文字的书写、组合、选择等综合能力的体现,其考查的知识点通常以词语搭配、句式对应、病句修改、修辞运用等方式呈现。以2014年江苏高考语文试卷为例,在语言文字运用板块,分别考查了形容词与名词的搭配、成语的运用、诗句对仗的工整性、交际用语的得体性、语句排列的顺序性、看图配字的科学性等几个知识要点。对学生来讲,要掌握好文字运用这一技能,就应当关注、培养并不断提高逻辑思维能力。第一,基本词意理解。如“用心”与“匠心”, 前者多是指人对某种事物的投入度高,后者是指创造性的构思。在正确辨别之后,就不难做出正确的选择。这需要学生在复习中提高对词汇的意思、搭配、用法等方面的掌握。第二,生活常识鉴别。比如交际用语的选择,这需要学生加强对文明礼仪、礼貌用语、谦辞等方面知识的了解;比如对句式的排列选择,哪一种会更符合实际,哪一种更加自然等,这些都是学生生活常识的一个表现。第三,语意语感判断。比如选用哪一个更贴切、更符合人们的情感诉求等。总的来讲,在逻辑思维能力的培养与锻炼上,教师在复习时应当从点滴的细节入手,字、词、句、段落、文章这样由小到大,由浅至深地去挖掘知识要点。
二、现代文体———理解剖析
从2014年江苏高考语文试卷中的现代文阅读来看, 其考查的内容大部分是对文体内容的概括、对写作手法的运用理解、对作者思想精神以及文章中心的一个解读等,这些归纳起来都是对现代文体的一种理解与剖析。第一,最基本的内容概括。这是高考复习中最常复习到的一个知识要点,即如何正确地概括文章内容。一般来讲,教师既可以引导学生从每一段的概括到整篇文章的概括, 也可以引导学生通过抓住并围绕文章关键词的方法来概括。这一知识要点基本上可以在每篇文章中得到训练。第二,深层次的中心思想概括。与内容对比起来,中心思想已经上升到对作者的创作背景、所处时代、创作初衷、影响意义、精神状态、思想境界等方面的理解与剖析上;从方法论的角度上理解,教师可以引导学生根据文章的题目、关键词、开头结尾、中心句等加以理解与概括。这需要教师在复习课上教会学生如何去判断并捕捉关键词、如何从开头与结尾来推论作者的创作状态、如何从中心句 来反推假设作者的思想感情等。第三,对文章中某一部分进行重点理解。考虑到每一篇文章都会详略分布,为了更好地把握文章,就需要学生对详细部分进行扩大化理解,而这就是考查学生的细节理解能力。因此,教师在复习时,可以多引导学生关注细节,增强细节解读能力,以更好地提高对整个现代文体的理解与剖析能力。
三、文言文体———句式语意
与现代文体对比起来,文言文体的复习显得更有规律、更为具体,它考查的内容一般是对文言文词汇和句式的理解与用法,特别是与现代文体的差异等。以2014年江苏高考语文试卷中的文言文阅读为例,其中就包括对“益”“责”“攻”“爱”这四个词汇的理解,“其”的一词多义及一词多用;将“若乃名者,方为薄世笑骂,仆脆怯,尤不足当也”与“亟谋于知道者而考诸古,师不乏矣”这两句文言文翻译为现代语;以及对中心思想的解读这几种考查形式。这些都说明了高考语文对文言文体中关于句式、语意方面的要求。因此,为了更好地提高文言文的能力,教师在日常复习时应当抓住以下三个知识要点:第一,一词多用。特别是对于“其”“于”等介词,教师应当在复习高中所有文言文时进行梳理与归纳,并将同一词汇的多种用法以举例的方式各自成册,便于学生理解与吸收。第二,词语活用。特别是名词用作形容词、动词用作名词等灵活用法,教师可以鼓励学生自行进行归纳总结。第三,古今差异。这里指的是同一个词语或是句式, 在现代文与文言文中分别有不同的意思与用法,这也是高考经常考查的考点,它同样需要教师与学生在复习时进行归纳与梳理。
四、古诗文体———感情领悟
这里主要指的是诗词鉴赏,新课标也明确提及“应当培养学生在诗词歌赋等方面的欣赏能力”,而要实现这一目标,教师就应当鼓励学生“从心出发”,以感情领悟的方式去通达古诗文体。对比上文提到的文字运用、现代文体、文言文体而言,古诗文体的复习会显得较为抽象与可变,而为了培养学生对诗歌的感悟与领悟能力, 教师在复习时可以抓住以下两点:第一,题眼鉴别。如2014年江苏高考语文试卷中《休假日访王侍御不遇》中“不遇又空还”等句,它们往往是诗歌中的点睛之笔或浓缩之句,只要学生能够正确鉴别并捕捉,一般就不会偏离中心思想。第二,情感判断。如2014年江苏高考语文试卷中《休假日访王侍御不遇》与《访隐者不遇成二绝》,同样是“不遇”,但两首诗歌的感情却各不相同。要正确判断诗人的情感,教师在日常复习时可以多向学生介绍诗人的生平经历,特别是诗歌体裁上的情感偏向与内容选择等。一般高考所选取的诗歌都出自名家之手,都是学习中经常可以碰到的,只要学生了解并掌握了诗人的写作规律,就可以从共性出发来进行思考。
五、名篇诵读———重在积累
在高考语文复习中,名篇诵读是其中一个很重要的板块,如2014年江苏高考语文试卷中的名句名篇默写部分,基本上是学生必须掌握的章节,答题难度较低,只要学生熟练背诵了要求章节即可完成。但除了教材中对经典文章中的部分章节进行背诵外,教师还应当提醒并鼓励学生加强个人的积累,这既是为了更好地掌握知识的需要,也是培养学生语文素养的一种重要方式。为了最大限度地提高知识的积累量,教师应当利用好课前和课后的几分钟,还有教室正面黑板与背面的黑板报等。教师可以在每节课上课前与学生分享一句话或一小段名篇,在黑板或其他可利用的地方书写经典名言警句等。与此同时,还可以鼓励学生之间进行交流,或是在课堂上或是在其他地方与同学进行分享。总的来讲,在名篇诵读这一板块复习上,教师应当以潜移默化、积少成多、集腋成裘的方式来帮助学生拓展眼界,以更好地提高个人的知识储备量。需要注意的是,教师在推荐的同时应告知学生其基本意思、用法出处等,避免学生机械地背诵。
一、三角函数的定理
三角函数的本质是任意角的集合与一个比值的集合变量之间的映射。在高考中，很多试题主要侧重考查课本上的基本知识，或是与例题或练习题相关的变形题，具体来说主要是三角函数的公式、定理、性质的推导等，这都要求学生必须先掌握课本上知识的精髓，在此基础上理解其内涵，抓住其特点，这样我们才能会应用，会解题，以不变应万变。
例1.（2011陕西卷理18）叙述并证明余弦定理。
解析：要想正确解答此试题，首先清楚余弦定理的内容，然后根据所学的知识进行解答。此题虽然难度不大，考查内容主要是余弦定理的叙述与推导，这也是高考考查的常规方向和考点，目的是引导考生回归课本，因此学生在复习时必须重视基础知识的学习和巩固，尤其是课本上一些重要和经典定理的推导过程等。
二、包含三角函数的求零点问题
另外需要注意的是，高考命题时更注重对學生能力的考查，显著增加了对学生所掌握知识的综合性和应用性的考查，往往会在知识的交汇点设计题型，三角函数知识的特点使其很容易于其他知识点相结合，对于这些变化，在日常学习和复习中应引起重视。
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