现在分词和过去分词练习（精选12篇）
I.单项选择
1.There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 2.The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B.C., didn’t include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing 3.What’s the language ____ in Germany?
A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak 4.Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 5.The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 6.The news sounds ____.A.encouraging B.encouraged C.encourage D.to encourage 7.—How did Bob do in the exams this time? —Well, his father seems ____ with his results.A.pleasing B.please C.pleased D.to please 8.—How did the audience receive the new play?
—They got very ____.A.excite B.excited C.excitedly D.exciting 9.The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying 10.—Good morning.Can I help you? —I’d like to have the package ____, madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed 11.He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.A.understand B.understanding C.understood D.understands 12.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move 13.“Can’t you read?” Mary said，____ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angril C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing 14 ____ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 15.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 16．The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 1.____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.A.To see B.Seeing C.Having seen D.Being seen
2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth.I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth ____.A.fix B.fixing C.fixed D.to fix 3.We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice.It’s ___ to hear her sing.A.pleased;pleasing;pleasure B.pleased;pleasant;a pleasure C.pleasing;pleased;a pleasure D.pleasing;pleasant;pleasure 4.___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps.A.Passed, buying B.Passing, to buy C.Having passed, buy D.Pass, to buy 5.____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A.Comparing B.To compare C.Compared D.Having compared 6.Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.A.designing B.design C.designed D.to design 7.____a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.A.To save B.Saving C.Saved D.Having saved 8.The teacher came into the classroom ____by his students.A.following B.to be following C.followed D.having followed 9.With the money ___, he couldn’t buy any ticket.A.to lose B.losing C.lost D.has lost 10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ____.A.being heard B.hearing C.heard D.hear 11.The result of the test was rather _____.A.disappointed B.disappointing C.being disappointed D.disappoint 12.I’ve never heard the word ____in spoken English.A.use B.used C.using D.being used 13._____how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.A.Not to know B.Not knowing C.Knowing not D.Not known 14.Deeply __, I thanked her again and again.A.being moving B.moved C.moving D.to be moved 15.With winter _____on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.A.came B.comes C.come D.coming
16.____the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.A.Having shown B.Showing C.Has shown D.Having been shown 17.He went from door to door, ____waste papers and magazines.A.gathering B.gathered C.gather D.being gathered 18.The student corrected his paper carefully, ____the professor’s suggestions.A.follow B.following C.followed D.being followed 19.The ___price will save you one dollar for each dozen.A.reduce B.reducing C.reduced D.reduces 20.People ____in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.A.live B.to live C.lived D.living 21.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn’t make his point ___.A.understand B.understanding C.to understand D.understood 22.The scientists were waiting to see the problem ______.A.settle B.settled C.to settle D.settling 23.The library’s study room is full of students _____for the exam.A.busily prepared B.busy preparingC.busily prepare D.are busily preparing 24.The ground is _____with ____ leaves.A.covering, falling B.covered, fallingC.covered, fallen D.covering, fallen 25.Lessons ____easily were soon forgotten.A.to learn B.learn
1. 作定语
1) 持续性动词过去分词和及物动词现在分词的被动式都可以当定语, 但两者在时间关系上是有差别的。如果定语所表示的动作是在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生或者是没有一定的时间性, 一般用过去分词。例如:
This is his written promise.
这是他的书面保证。
I have got a radio made in shanghai.
我买了一台上海的收音机。
如果定语所表示的动作在说话时正在进行或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生, 则一般用现在分词的被动式。例如:
The bike being repaired is mine.
正在修理的那辆自行车是我的。
The problem being discussed is of vital important.
正在讨论的问题极其重要。
2) 现在分词被动式当定语一般只能置于被修饰的名词之后。例如:
Is this book being written?
这是那本正在写着的书吗?
The house being built is our reading-room.
正在修建的房子是我们的阅览室。
3) 短暂性动词的过去分词可以作定语, 短暂性动词的现在分词被动式一般不可作定语。例如:
Right:The book bought yesterday is very interting.
Wrong:The book being boughtyesterday is very interesting.
4) 不及物动词的过去分词可以作定语, 表示主动的、完成的意思。例如:
He is the comrade come from Beijing.
他便是那位北京来的同志。
The escaped prisoners were captured.
那些逃跑的罪犯被抓获了。
2. 作宾语补足语
1) 在使役动词have, get等后一般用过去分词而不用现在分词被动式。例如:
I must have these printed.
我一定得让人把这些东西印好。
Have you had your watch stolen?
你的表被人偷了吗?
2) 在感观动词see, hear, feel, find等后作宾补的分词, 如果表示完成意思的就用过去分词, 如果表示说话时正在进行的动作, 或是与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的被动式。例如:
I find his room cleaned.
我发现他的房间打扫过了。
I heard the song being sung.
我听到有人在唱那支歌。
3. 作状语
过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可以作状语。例如:
Combined with practice, the theory is easy to learn.
理论只有与实践相结合, 才容易学到。
Being combined with practice, th theory is easy to learn.
但是在这种情况下, 过去分词用得较多, 现在分词被动式用得甚少。如果强调这个动作是此刻正在进行的, 或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的, 我们可以用现在分词的被动式形式。例如:
Being asked to sing af song, she couldn’t very well refuse.
有人请她唱支歌, 她不好拒绝。
Being protected by a tombstone he felt be was quite safe.
有墓碑掩护着, 他感到很安全。
注意:如果这个动作先于谓语动词表示的动作, 可以用完成时的被动式。例如:
Having been experimented several times, this new product wil be put into mass production.
经过数次试验后, 这种新产品将投入批量生产。
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start marking preparations tomorrow.
由于应邀讲话, 明天我将开始作准备。
如果不强调这个动作的时间性, 可用过去分词。例如:
Confined to bed, he needed to be waited on in everything.
他卧病在床, 什么事都需要伺候。
United as one, they are fighting a battle.
他们团结得象一个人一样进行战斗。
4. 作表语
及物动词和不及物动词的过去分词都可以作表语, 但现在分词被动式不可作表语。如可以说:He is married.而不能说The tree is fallen.可以说:He is being married.而不能说:The tree is being fallen.
1） 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。
2） 现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示状态或动作已经完成，或表示被动的动作。
下面就对它们的用法和含义作一具体说明。
一、 单个分词作定语修饰名词时，通常常放在被修饰的名词前面，说明被修饰名词的性质或特征。表示“……的”或“用作……的”。
1. 现在分词作定语
A. 现在分词表示主动意义。如： a moving film 一场感人的电影； the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息
B. 现在分词表示动作正在进行。如： a developing country一个发展中国家； a sleeping boy 一个正在睡觉的男孩； boiling water 沸水
2. 过去分词作定语
A. 过去分词表示被动意义。如： boiled water 开水（烧开过的水）； a broken cup 一个破杯子（被打破的杯子）； an honored teacher 一个被人尊敬的老师
B. 表示动作已经发生或者完成。如： an injured boy一个受伤的男孩（已经受伤）； a retired worker 一个退休工人（已经退休）； a developed country一个发达国家（已经完成发展的过程）； some fallen leaves 一些落叶（已经落下的叶子）
二、 分词短语常作后置定语，放在被修饰的名词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
1. 现在分词常带有“正在……”的含义。例如：
The boy standing near the window is my brother. （相当于The boy who is standing near the window is my brother.） 正站在窗户旁边的那个男孩是我的兄弟。
2. 过去分词表常表示被动含义。例如：
get on 上车,上马;进展,使前进
get out of 逃避;避免
get married 结婚
get off v.动身;免于受罚;从…下来;脱下(衣服等)
get better 变得更好;康复
get to know 了解;认识
get through 通过;到达;做完;接通电话
get hold of 把握;抓住;得到
get away 离开;逃脱;出发
get from 从…处得到…
get used to习惯于…
get rid 摆脱;排除;处理掉
get back回来 | 返回 | 取回 | 回家
get…back 退还…,送回去;取回/找回;要回
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。其中分词共有现在分词和过去分词两种形式，也是考研英语中的重点语法知识。学习的重点主要涉及分词的意义、语法功能，以及分词的复合结构，也叫独立主格结构。
一、分词的构成和意义
现在分词由动词原形加ing构成。过去分词由动词原形加ed构成。从时态意义上理解，现在分词表示进行的状态，过去分词表示完成状态;从语态意义上理解，现在分词表示主动进行或主动一般的动作，过去分词表示被动完成或被动一般或主动完成的动作。
二、分词的语法功能
分词主要起形容词和副词作用，在句中充当定语、表语、宾语(或主语)的补足语和状语。在考研英语中，分词的理解难点是和句子主干之间的逻辑关系，这种隐性的逻辑关系常成为阅读的考点，其中分词的考查及运用较多的是分词做定语或状语。
(一)分词作定语
分词作定语相当于形容词，可修饰名词。单个分词作定语通常置于被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰词的后面，作用相当于一个省略的定语从句。
例1：We are often attracted by enchanting music.
我们经常被迷人的音乐所吸引。
例2：After all， what is one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness?
归根结底，几乎完全致力于描绘快乐的那种现代表达方式究竟是什么?
(二)分词作状语
分词作状语较多，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等，一般放在句首或句尾，由逗号分开。当分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，选用现在分词;当分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，选用过去分词。分词作状语，与主句间的逻辑关系，通常可以转化成状语从句。
例1：Working hard， you will succeed.(分词做条件状语)
(=If you work hard you will succeed.)
如果努力工作，你将会成功。
例2：Exhausted by the climb， he continued his journey.(分词做让步状语)
(=Although he was exhausted by the climb， he continued his journey.)
他虽然爬得很累，但他仍继续前进。
三、分词的复合结构
单独分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致;当分句的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，为了表意明确，分词会自带一个逻辑主语，这就形成了独立主格结构。分词的复合结构和作状语的`分词用法相同，只是加上了逻辑主语。
(一)逻辑主语+分词
例1：I waiting for a bus， a brick fell on my head.
我在等车的时候，一块砖砸在了我的头上。
(二)with+逻辑主语+分词
分词的复合结构之前加上介词with，通常表示主句发生的原因或是主句的伴随动作。
例：With the guide leading the way， we set off on foot into the dark night.
向导引路，我们步行出发，走进黑夜。
【真题体验】
例1：Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
参考译文：由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易)所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
例2：This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.
参考译文：给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。
He lay there, unable to move.
他躺在那里动弹不得。
He lay helpless on the floor.
他无助地躺在地板上。
She lay sleepless until dawn.
她躺在那儿，直到天亮才睡着。
The treasure had lain undisturbed for centuries.
那份珍宝安然无恙地存放了几个世纪。
These machines have lain idle since the factory closed.
工厂关闭以来，这些机器就一直闲置着。
Have I lain here in the street and dreamed?
我难道一直都躺在街上做梦吗?
He was lying in bed, sound asleep.
他正躺在床上，睡得很香。
She accused him of lying.
她指责他说谎。
He was lying on his side.
1.1 一般过去分词不需要与任何成分配合。
Je t'ai achetédes fraises,je sais que tu adores ca.
(我给你买来了草莓,我知道你喜欢吃。)
Il avait connu l'aisance;ilétait maintenant dans une profonde misère.
(他曾有过富裕的生活,现在却贫困潦倒。)
1.2 如果直接宾语提前(位于相关动词前),过去分词需要与提前的直接宾语做性,数方面的配合:
Cette robe lui va bien,je la lui ai achetée.
(裙子很适合她,我给她买了。)
Quand je l'ai rencontrée dans l'escalier,Fannyétait en train d'insulter son chien.
(当我在楼梯上遇见法妮时,她正在咒骂她的那条狗。)
在使用关系代词,提前的直接宾语做先行词时,提前的直接宾语不同,过去分词的配合也有不同:
(1)如果提前的直接宾语是表示集体方面的名词,那么过去分词可以和这个集体名词配合,也可以和集体名词的补语配合。这要看作者着重表达的是整体还是个体。
Le groupe d'ouvriers que nous avions vus sont entrés dans l'usine.
Le groupe d'ouvriers que nous avions vu est entrédans l'usine.
(2)如果提前的直接宾语是表示分数方面的名词,那么过去分词可以和这个分数名词配合,也可以和分数名词的补语配合。这要看作者着重表达的整体还是个体。
La moitiédes légumes que vous avez achétés sont bons.
La moitiédes légumes que vous avez achétéest bonne.
(3)如果提前的直接宾语是由ou或ni连接的两个名词时,如果作者想表达相加概念时,过去分词和这两个名词配合;如果作者想表达两个分开的概念时,那么就与第二个名词配合。
Est-ce une revue ou un roman que vous avez acheté?
(这是您买的一本小说还是一本杂志。)
Ce n'est ni Fanny ni Annie qu'on a choisis pour le chef.
(被选为班长的既不是法妮也不是安娜。)
(4)如果提前的直接宾语中含有peu+补语的形式时,那么过去分词可以和peu配合,也可以和peu的补语配合。这要看作者着重表达的是peu的意义还是它的补语的意义。
Le peu de patience que vous avez montré(e)m'a dé?u.
(您所表现出的那点儿耐心让我很失望。)
(5)如果提前的直接宾语中含之一(un des,une des,un de,une de)的形式时,过去分词和复数直接宾语做性数配合,那么动词的动作是施于群体中的所有人或物;过去分词与单数直接宾语做性数配合,那么作者着重表达个体的概念。
La Grande Muraille est un des plus beaux monuments que l'architecture de l'antiquitéchinois ait produits.
(长城是古代中国建筑史上产生的雄伟建筑之一。)
Ce roman est un des plus intéressants que j'aie lu.
(这本小说是我读过的最有趣的小说之一。)
1.3 但在faire+动词,laisser+动词的形式中,faire或laisser的直接宾语提前,faire不需要配合;laisser可以配合也可以不配合。
Je les ai fait venir.
(我让他们来。)
Je les ai laissé(s)partir.
(我让他们离开。)
1.4 词组,短语,形容词,句子一般由中性代词le或en,y,rien等代,这种情况无性数配合。
Mais ce n'est pas original,je l'ai su.
(但这并非原作,我知道的。)
Il a vu des violettes et il en a cueilli.
(他看到紫罗兰,采了一些。)
2 在以être为助动词的复合时态中
2.1 一般过去分词与主语配合。
Les coureurs sont arrivés frais et dispos.
(跑步者来了,精神愉快,轻松饱满。)
Elle est montrée dans sa chambre pour y checher sa veste.
(她上楼进房去取外衣。)
2.2 但在代动词的复合时态中:
(1)当自反代词是直接宾语时,过去分词性数要与自反人称代词配合。
Cette fille s'est aventurée sur la glace.
(这个姑娘在冰上冒险。)
Fanny et Annie se sont rencontrées dans la rue.
(法妮和安妮在路上相遇了。)
(2)当自反代词是间接宾语时,过去分词不变。
Les enfants se sont lavéles mains avant le repas.
(孩子们吃饭前洗了手。)
Ils se sont dit bonjour.
(他们互相问好。)
2.3 有些名词虽是阴性,但表示男人;有些名词虽是阳性,但表示女人,应联系上下文注意配合。
Le nouveau professeur est arrivée ce matin,elle est très gentille.
(新老师今天早上来了,她很和蔼。)
2.4 在以on做主语,être为助动词的句子中,过去分词一般不配合。
On n'est pas venu ce matin.
(今天早上我们没来。)
但当on明确指代几个人或一个女人时,过去分词要与所指代的人性数上一致。
Fanny et moi,on a besion d'être soignées.
(法妮和我,我们需要被照顾。)
参考文献
[1]马晓宏.法语I[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1992.
一、过去分词作定语
1. 单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。有的过去分词如given, left等习惯上后置。
a lost animal 一只迷路的动物______
a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票
an injured finger 一根受伤的手指
a broken coin 一枚破损的硬币
Complete the sentences with the words given.
用所给的词完成句子。
注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只表示被动含义。
spoken English 英语口语
written exercises 书面练习
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成含义。
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起来的太阳
the advanced countries 发达国家
a retired teacher 一名退休教师
2．过去分词短语作定语常常放在被修饰的名词之后，表示被动或完成意义。
How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!
我多懊悔在树林里浪费的时光啊！
I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth.
我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。
The books written by Lu Xun are popular．
鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。
We’11 go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago．
我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。
注意：过去分词短语作定语时在意义上相当于一个定语从句。
The book bought yesterday cost me ten yuan.
The book that was bought yesterday cost me ten yuan.
昨天买的这本书花了我十元钱。
The houses, built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake.
The houses, which were built last year, were destroyed by the earthquake.
去年建的房子被这场地震毁了。
二、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，前面的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。
Everyone present is very inspired at his speech．
听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。
2. 过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。
This shop is now closed．
这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)
This shop is closed at 6 pm everyday．
这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）
注意：当用作表语的过去分词表示人的某种感情或情绪时，含有“感到……”之意，常用来修饰人。
He was excited at being admitted to Beijing University.
他很高兴被北京大学录取了。
My son was very disappointed when he heard the news.
听到这个消息我的儿子非常失望。
练习
1. From your______voice, I have to say that you are really______ .
A. disappointed, disappointed
B. disappointing, disappointing
C. disappointed, disappointing
D. disappointing, disappointed
2. This is the problem______at the meeting yesterday.
A. being discussed B. discussed
C. to be discussed D. having discussed
3. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,______as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
4. Don’t use words, expression or phrases______only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
5. The Olympic Games, ______in 776 BC， did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playedB. to be first played
C. first playingD. to be first playing
6. The flowers______sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
7. I like meals______ best. (cook)
我最喜欢妈妈做的饭。
8. Most of the people______ did not come. (invite)
大多数被邀请参加晚会的人都没来。
9. Why do you always______ ? Do you sleep well these days? (tire)
你为什么总是看上那么疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？
10. I____________the film I saw last night, I had expected it to be better. (disappoint)
我对昨晚看的电影很失望，我原以为它能好些。
11. Everybody____________to hear the death of the famous film star．(shock)
听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。
12. It was cold and damp; the man put up his collar and put his hands to his______ (冻僵了的脸)。（freeze）
天气又冷又潮，那个男人把领子竖起来，然后把手放在冻僵了的脸上。
参考答案
1～6 ABBDAB
7. cooked by mum
8. invited to the party
9. look so tired
10. was very disappointed with
11. was shocked
1、cost _________ _________
2、cut _________ _________
3、fit _________ _________
4、hit _________ _________
5、hurt _________ _________
6、let _________ _________
7、put _________ _________
8、read _________ _________
9、set _________ _________
10、shut _________ _________
11、spread _________ _________
12、buy _________ _________
13、bring _________ _________
14、catch _________ _________
15、build _________ _________
16、deal _________ _________
17、feed _________ _________
18、feel _________ _________
19、fight _________ _________ 20、find _________ _________
21、get _________ _________
22、hear _________ _________
23、keep _________ _________
24、hang _________ _________
25、hold _________ _________
26、have/has _________ _________
27、lay _________ _________
28、lead _________ _________
29、leave _________ _________ 30、lend _________ _________
31、lose _________ _________
32、make _________ _________
33、mean _________ _________
34、meet _________ _________
35、pay _________ _________
36、say _________ _________
37、sell _________ _________
38、send _________ _________
39、shine _________ _________ 40、sit _________ _________
41、sleep _________ _________
42、spell _________ _________
43、spend _________ _________
44、stand _________ _________
45、strike _________ _________
46、sweep _________ _________
47、teach _________ _________
48、tell _________ _________
49、think _________ _________ 50、understand _________ _________
51、stick _________ _________
52、win _________ _________
53、spin _________ _________
54、come _________ _________
55、become _________ _________
56、run _________ _________
57、begin _________ _________
58、is _________ _________
B.to be settled
C.had settled
D.as settled 2.__________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.A.To look at
B.Looking at
C.Looked at
D.To be looked at 3._________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.A.To be judged the best
B.Having judged the best
C.Judged the best
D.Judging the best 4.The president promised to keep all the board members _________ of how the negotiations were going on.A.inform
B.informing
C.be informed
D.informed 5.________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A.To face
B.Having faced
C.Faced
D.Facing 6.When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing
B.introduced
C.introduce
D.being introduced 7.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _________ at the meeting by my boss.A.questioning
B.having questioned
C.questioned
D.to be questioned 8.The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party.A.recorded
B.recording
C.to be recorded
D.having recorded 1
9.________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anther two days on the farm.A.Attracting
B.Attracted
C.To be attracted
D.Having attracted 10.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as3M.A.knowing
B.known
C.being known
D.to be known 11.Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ________.A.worried
B.to worry
C.worrying
D.worry 12.Sarah, hurry up.I’m afraid you won’t have time to ________ before the party.A.get changed
B.get change
C.get changing
D.get to change 13.________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A.Having given
B.To give
C.Giving
D.Given 14.Friendship is like money: easier made than __________.A.kept
B.to be kept
C.keeping
D.being kept 15.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see
B.to be seen
C.seeing
D.seen 16.The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins
B.having begun
C.beginning
D.begun 17.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.2
A.carry out
B.carrying out
C.carried out
D.to carry out 18._________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being found
B.It was founded
C.Founded
D.Founding 19.________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given
B.To give
C.Giving
D.Having given 20._________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing
B.Having lost
C.Lost
D.To lose 21._________ and happy, Tonny stood up and accepted the prize.A.Surprising
B.Surprised
C.Being surprised
D.To be surprising 22.A good story doesn’t necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.A.unsatisfied
B.unsatisfying
C.to be unsatisfying
D.being unsatisfied 23.Five people won the “ China’s Green Figure” award, a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A.being given
B.is given
C.given
D.was given 24.The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.A.having written
B.to be written
C.being written
D.written 3
25.The computer centre, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A.open
B.opening
C.having opened
D.opened 26.The murderer was brought in with his hands _________ behind his back.A.being tied
B.having tied
C.to be tied
D.tied 27._________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.Given
B.to give
C.Giving
D.having given 28.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.A.pay
B.paying
C.paid
D.to pay 29.The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing
B.to be first played
C.first played
D.to be first playing 30.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.A.seat
B.seating
C.seated
D.to be seating 31 Sugar, when ________ with water, dissolves quickly.A.mixed
B.mixing
C.mix
一、 现在分词的时态
现在分词也是一种非限定动词，现在分词由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，有一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作；完成式（having+过去分词）表示在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
例如：Having studied in Peking University for four years， I know the place very well. 在北大学习了四年之后，我对这个地方非常熟悉。
（2011全国卷II，18）Sarah pretended to be cheerful， saying nothing about the argument. 萨拉假装开心，对这次争吵没提一句话。
二、 现在分词的语态
现在分词的两个时态分别有其主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态。如果同时要表示分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式。
例如：The house being built is a big project. 正在施工的那幢楼是一项很大的工程。
（2008陕西卷，14）Having been shown around the Water Cube， we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. 被带着参观了水立方后，我们又被带去看了2008奥运会主会场——鸟巢。
三、现在分词的语法功能
1. 作定语
分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后，单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如：I have never seen a more moving movie. 我从未看过比这更感人的电影了。
（2011江苏卷，31）Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. 最近，一项对比两家不同超市同种货物价格的调查引起了市民们的热议。
2. 作状语
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
（2010江苏卷，28）The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu， enabling the students to return to their classrooms. 那位退休的老人把他的大部分积蓄都捐给了在玉树地震中被损坏的学校，使得学生们能够重新回到教室。（表结果）
（2009辽宁卷，22）When we visited my old family home， memory came flooding. （当我们参观我的老家时，记忆又涌上心头。表方式）
【注意】（1） 分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句的主语一致。
（2） 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。
（3） “with+名词+分词”的结构表示伴随状况。
例如：A person mustn’t sit with his feet pointing at another person. 坐着的时候注意不要用脚指向别人。
（4）当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词必须有自己的主语。
例如：Weather permitting， we’ll go to the People’s Park tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去人民公园。
3. 作表语
例如：The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。
4. 作宾语补足语
例如：We had the fire burning all day. 我们使火燃烧了一天。
四、 现在分词与动词不定式的比较
现在分词可作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语；而动词不定式可除此以外还可作主语和宾语。因此可从两者作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语的角度来探讨它们的差异。
1. 作表语时
现在分词作表语相当于一个形容词，说明主语的性质、特征等；动词不定式表将发生的动作。
例如：Word came that the valuable dish is broken. It is really shocking. 消息传来，那个珍贵的盘子被打碎了，真是令人震惊。
My task today is to give you a lesson. 我今天的任务就是要给你们上一堂课。
2. 作宾语补足语时
现在分词表正在进行的动作或持续的动作；动词不定式表动作的全部过程。
例如：He made me working without a break for three hours. 他让我连续工作了三个小时。
Every morning I saw him selling newspapers at the bus stop. 每天早上我都看见他在公交车站卖报纸。
I saw him enter the building just now. 我刚才看见他进了这栋大楼。
3. 作定语时
现在分词表逻辑主语（被修饰的词）正在进行的动作。单个的现在分词可作前置定语，分词短语可作后置定语。动词不定式表逻辑主语（被修饰的词）将要发生的动作。一般作后置定语。
nlc202309030606
例如：I was frightened by a running dog in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上被一条跑过来的狗吓到了。（前置定语）
The people operating the factories are concerned about the polluted rivers. 负责这些厂的运营的人很担心那些河流的污染问题。（后置定语）
The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 明天要开的那个会议很重要。（后置定语）
4. 作状语时
现在分词表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等，这些前面已经一一解释过了。动词不定式表目的、结果、原因。
例如：He came to see you. 他来是为了看望你。
He hurried home only to find nobody. 他匆忙赶回家中，却发现家里没人。
I’m happy to see you. 看见你我很高兴。
五、 实战演练
1. （2011全国卷，27）The next thing he saw was smoke __________ from behind the house.
A. roseB. rising
C. to riseD. risen
【解析】选B。句意：他接下来看到的是从房子后面冒出来的烟。本题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法，修饰smoke，故排除A项（谓语动词）；逻辑主语smoke与非谓语动词之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行，所以选B项。
2. （2010安徽卷，30）He had a wonderful childhood， __________ with his mother to all corners of the world.
A. travelB. to travel
C. traveledD. traveling
【解析】选D。句意：他有一个快乐的童年，和他的母亲周游世界各地。本题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。因为句子主语he是travel的逻辑主语，且为主动关系，故排除C项。A项属于谓语动词可直接排除；而B项常作目的状语，无需用逗号与主句隔开，故也被排除。
3. （2009江苏南通二调）—What’s up？ You look down.
—I have piles of papers ， but I type so slowly.
A. to be typedB. typed
C. to typeD. being type
【解析】选C。句意：——出了什么事？你看起来闷闷不乐。——我有成堆的文件要打，但是我打字又这么慢。句中have表示“有”，have sth. to do表示“有某事要做”，have sth to be done表示“有某事要别人做”。根据语境，是说话人自己打字。
4. （2011北京海淀期末考试）—What else do we need for this trip besides food to eat and special clothes to wear？
—A tent in.
A. sleepB. sleeping
C. to sleepD. slept
【解析】选C。句意：——除了带食物和穿特制的衣服外，这次旅行我们还需要别的什么？—— 一顶用来睡觉的帐篷。考查非谓语动词作定语。后一句补全后为：We need a tent _____ in. 此处表示未来的动作且主语we与sleep为逻辑上的主动关系，故需用不定式作后置定语。易错选项为D。只是想当然地认为tent和sleep in之间为被动关系，而没有意识到sleep的逻辑主语是we而选D项。
5. （2010江苏苏、锡、常、镇联考）After suffering from a heart attack， Michael Jackson was pronounced dead， __________ a tragic end to the world’s most popular entertainer.
A. markingB. to mark
C. markedD. having marked
【解析】选A。句意：在遭受心脏病的折磨之后，迈克尔·杰克逊被宣布死亡，这标志着这位世界上最受欢迎的娱乐明星的悲剧结束。此处考查非谓语动词作状语，表结果。B项动词不定式通常表目的，故可排除；迈克尔·杰克逊的死亡事件和mark之间不是被动关系，故C项被排除；D项完成形式的动作发生在pronounce之前，不符合语境，所以也被排除。
rebuild guide pick locate protect force unify link extend carry list climb alarm seem
buy wear prefer fade worry wash sign
join
attend
surf
recommend
promote
admire
highlight
graduate
set
repeat
improve
use
chat
bring
turn
settle
book
communicate
addict
waste result harm interfere benefit suppose promise lie threaten plead trouble throw fly rest wake cry sob trust hurt deceive send
publish dislike earn drive accept afford blame realize ride struggle fail relax shorten cause breathe attack raise die quit create control handle offer expend brew mix hit boom react advertise obey paint contain design select notice appear mislead cover heat
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