规则动词和可数名词变复数的变化规则(推荐8篇)
1.一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如: worked played wanted acted 2.以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如:
lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped 3.以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
可数名词变复数的变化规则
一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例:friend→friends;cat→cats;
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化:统一加读[iz]。
例:bus→buses;match→matches;box →boxes;watch →watches;class →classes;dress →dresses;sandwich →sandwiches;、三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:candy→candies;lady→ladies;story→stories
strawberry →strawberries;baby →babies;library →libraries;dictionary →dictionaries;activity →activities
四、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。(有生命的加es,无生命的加s)
读音变化:加读[z]。
例:tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;
反例: piano→pianos(外来词);photo→photos;
五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。
读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。
map—maps地图
bird—birds鸟
orange—oranges 桔子
bike—bikes自行车
2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加“-es”
box—boxes盒子
class—classes班级
watch—watches手表
dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具
3. 以o结尾的无生命的名词后面加“-s”
photo—photos相片
radio—radios收音机
zoo—zoos动物园
以o结尾的有生命的名词后面加“-es”
tomato—tomatoes西红柿
potato—potatoes土豆
hero—heroes英雄
negro—negroes黑人
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“-es ”
baby—babies婴儿
family—families家庭
以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加“-s”
boy—boys男孩
toy—toys 玩具
5. 以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为v加“-es”
knife—knives小刀
wife—wives妻子
leaf—leaves树叶
一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:
1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens(格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;
▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information.二、英语可数名词的单复数:
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下: ①一般情况,在词尾加-s.desk---desks 书桌
girl---girls 女孩
boy---boys
pen---pens ②以-s,-x,-ch,-sh 结尾的词,在词尾加--es
bus---buses
box--boxes
brush--brushes
watch--watch ③以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,加-es
baby-babies 婴儿
family--families家庭 ④以-f或-fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v,再加-es
knife---knives刀
leaf---leaves树叶
⑤以-o结尾的词,一般情况下,在词尾加-s,黑人英雄吃西红柿土豆除外。
photo---photos
piano---pianos negro---negroes 黑人
hero---heroes 英雄
tomato---tomatoes西红柿
potato--potatoes马铃薯
2、不规则变化:
man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep, tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese
三、不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.同步练习题
把单数变成复数:
box__________
pencil_____________ watch________
star______________ door__________
window__________ bag__________
bowl____________
book_________
dog_________________ cat__________
flower__________-_____ tree_________
chair________________ people_______
girl_________________ man_________
woman______________ policeman__________
policewoman_________ tooth______________
goose________________ doctor_____________
teacher______________ child_____________
student______________ eye______________
ear________________ photo____________
map_______________ picture__________
life____________
half____________
wolf____________
panda____________
fish______________
sheep______________
family_____________
toy________________
bus________________
bottle_____________
hill_______________
stamp____________
festival_____________
floor_______________
fruit________________
apple______________
vegetable___________
banana_____________
watermelon__________
ox__________________
arm________________
necklace____________
computer___________
dish_______________
potato_____________
cabbage___________
ship______________
spoon____________
pant_____________
hat______________
sweater___________
gift_______________
lantern____________
brother____________
desk_______________
leaf_______________
shelf_______________
bird______________
lion______________ deer____________ candy_____________ baby_____________ car_____________
cup_____________ lake______________ wall_____________ Chinese__________ mountain____________ noodle______________
dumpling___________ pear________________
grape_______________
cherry______________
orange______________
foot_______________
leg________________
game______________
mouse_____________ tomato____________ onion_____________
kite_______________ chopstick__________
cloth_____________
shirt____________
cap_____________
sock____________
present_________
sister__________
light__________
key______________
monkey________ tiger____________
rabbit __________ snake___________
animal__________ frog____________
toad____________ shoe____________
knife____________ fan______________
glass____________ rose____________
brush __________ bear___________
son__________ uncle____________
aunt____________ eraser____________
它是由动词原形加上-ing构成的,它和不定式一样也是非谓语动词的一种。
一、动名词:
1、形式:动名词有四种形式,即主动一般式,被动一般式,主动完成式,被动完成式。
2、用法(1)作主语Smoking is harmful to health.吸烟对健康有害。
Collecting shells is one of his hobbies.收集贝壳是他的爱好之一。
(2)作宾语We enjoy swimming very much.我们很喜欢游泳。
Do you like drinking some water?你想喝点水吗?
(3) 作定语They want to organize a stamp collecting club.他们想组织一个集邮俱乐部。
二、现在分词:
1、形式:及物动词的现在分词有四种形式,即主动语态的一般式和完成式,被动语态的.一般式和完成式.不及物动词只有前两种形式,它没有被动语态。
2、用法:
(1)作定语The pot is full of boiling water.壶里装满了沸腾的水。
现在分词作定语时,表示所修饰人或物的动作;而动名词作定语时,则表示这个东西是具有某种用途的。
(2)作宾语补足语:
We found the story very interesting.我们觉得这个故事很有趣。
I heard somebody breaking the windows.我听到有人打破了窗户。
(3)作表语The news is very exciting.这条消息很激动人心。
The story is very moving.这个故事很感人。
少数名词构成复数的变化是不规则的。
child→children孩子
louse→lice虱子
mouse→mice老鼠
foot→feet脚
tooth→teeth牙齿
ox→oxen公牛
goose→geese鹅
man→men男人
woman→women女人
policeman→policemen商人
businessman→businessmen商人
Englishman→Englishmen英国人
1.一般直接在此为加-s,-s在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音或元音后读/z/, ds读/dz/, ts读/ts 如 help
helps/s/
know
knows/z/
get
gets/s/
read
reads/z/ 2.以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o 结尾的动词加-es,-es 读 /iz/, 如 guess
guesses
fix
fixes
teach
teaches
wash
washes 注意:go
goes/z/
do
does /z/ 3.辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es,-ies读/iz/ carry
carries
fly
flies
注意:在play---plays,say----says中,字母y前为元音字母,第三人称单数形式直接在动词后加-s 4.特俗词例外
5.be动词的第三人称单数分别为am, is, are, have则为has 注意:以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词,如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s后,字母”e”发音,与所加-s一起读作/iz/,如 close
closes/iz/ 动词的ing变化规则:
1.一般情况直接加ing,如 look—looking
go---going visit---visiting 2.以不发音的e结尾的,去e再加ing,如 come---coming
make---making write---writing 3.以重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母的,双写该辅音字母,再加ing,如 run---running
stop---stopping get---getting swim---swimming begin---beginning 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的,直接加ing,如
study---studying
carry---carrying
fly---flying cry---crying 5.以ie结尾的重度开音节动词,先变ie为y,再加ing,如 die---dying
tie---tying
lie---lying 动词的过去式变化规则:
1.规则变化
(1)一般直接在动词后加ed,-ed在清辅音后读/t/, 在浊辅音及元音后读/d,/-ed在/t//d/后读/id/,如
call---called open---opened look---looked
want---wanted /id/ need---needed /id/(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的,直接加-d,如
live---lived move---moved hope---hoped(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed,(注意:如果是元音字母加y结尾的,还是直接加-ed,如,play---played,enjoy---enjoyed)如 study---studied cry---cried try---tried
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ed,如
plan---planned fit---fitted stop---stopped
2.不规则变化(要特俗记忆),以下是一些常见的动词的过去式 am,is-was
are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got, go-went
come-came
have/has-had eat-ate,take-took
run-ran
put-put make-made
read-read
write-wrote
draw-drew drink-drank fly-flew
ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept
swim-swam
sit-sat
hear-heard sleep-slept
let-let blow-blew
hurt-hurt
speak-spoke
buy-bought keep-kept swim-swam
eat-ate catch-caught know-knew stand-stood
choose-chose lie-lay
leave-left draw-drew teach –taught drink-drank make-made tell-told
think-thought mean-meant
feel-felt
drive-drove meet-met
write –wrote
find-found fly-flew
forget-forgot ring-rang see-saw
ride-rode grow-grew
sing-sang/sung begin-began learn-learned/learnt
可数名词变复数的规则:
1.规则变化:
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s,如book---books
boy---boys(2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es,如bus---buses
watch---watches(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es,如city---cities
family---families(4)以-f或-fe结尾的分两类,一类直接加-s,另一类大多数情况下,将-f或-fe改为v,再加-es,如,roof---roofs belief---beliefs leaf---leaves life---lives knife---knives 2.不规则变化
(1)元音字母发生变化
man---men tooth---teeth goose---geese(2)词尾变化
child---children mouse---mice(3)单复数同形
sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish
另附清辅音与浊辅音:
清辅音:
[p]
[t]
[k]
[f]
[s]
[θ]
[∫]
[ts]
[t∫]
[tr]
[h]
浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [r]
音节分为开音节和闭音节,3.开音节又分为相对开音节和绝对开音节
例: study;studied;studied.
以元音字母加y结尾的词,直接加-ed.
例: play;played;played.
末尾只有一个辅音字母的.重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed.
例:stop;stopped;stopped.
动词过去分词与动词过去式的区别:
1、定义不同:
动词的过去式是一个动词,单独作谓语。不能与助动词、情态动词连用。它的词性与动词的第三人称单数一样。 动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
2、用法不同:
动词的过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,也叫非限定性动词。不能独立作谓语,只能与助动词一起构成谓语。如:“have/has/had +过去分词”构成完成时态;“be+过去分词”构成被动语态等。
它相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中起一个形容词或副词的作用,可作表语、定语、补语等。它的作用与现在分词doing类似。过去分词表的意义是被动或完成。
3、词性不同:
名词复数规则
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______
day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
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