特殊句式教案（精选7篇）
教学内容：
一、宾语前置
宾语前置分以下几种情况：
【1】否定句中代词宾语前置
格式：主十否定词【不、未、无、莫、毋、弗】十宾【余、吾、尔、自、之、是】十动
①三岁贯汝，莫我肯顾(《硕鼠》) 译文：“莫我肯顾”应理解成“莫肯顾我”。
②时人莫之许(《隆中对》) 译文：“可当时的人并不赞许他(这么看)”
③秦人不暇自哀(《过秦论》) 译文：“秦人来不及哀叹自己”。
④忌不自信(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》) 译文：“邹忌不相信自己”
⑤然而不王者，未之有也(《齐桓晋文之事》)译文：“这样还不能称王天下，没有这样的事”
还有如： 毋吾以也，莫己若也 (译：“不能因为我，(他)还不如自己”)
成语有：我无尔诈，尔无我虞 (译：“我不欺骗你，你不欺骗我”)
从上面的例句中可以得出这样的结论：否定句中宾语代词前置，必须具备两个条件：第一，宾语必须是代词，第二，全句必须是否定句，即必须有否定副词“不、未、毋(无)”等或表示否定的不定代词“莫”。代词宾语要放在动词之前否定词之后。
【2】疑问句中代词宾语前置
(1)宾语在动词前面
格式：主十宾【谁、奚、胡、何、曷、安、恶、焉】十动?
①良问曰：“大王来何操?”《鸿门宴》 译文：“张良问公道：‘大王来的时候拿了什么?’”
②问女何所思?(《木兰辞》) 译文：“问女儿在思考什么?”
③王见之曰：“牛何之?” (《齐桓晋文之事》)译文：“大王看见了问道：‘把牛牵到哪里?’”
④王曰：“缚者曷为者也?”(《晏子使楚》)译文：“大王问：‘绑着的人是干什么的?’”
⑤吾谁敢怨?(《捕蛇者说》) 译文：“我敢埋怨谁呢?”
⑥且焉置土石?(《愚公移山》) 译文：“况且把土石放置在哪里?”
(2)宾语放在介词前面
格式：主十宾【谁、奚、胡、何、曷、安、恶、焉】十介十动?
①不然，籍何以至此?(《鸿门宴》) 译文：“不这样，我(项羽)凭什么到这个地步呢?”
②谁为哀者?(《五人墓碑记》) 译文：“(你们在)替谁哀哭呢?”
③长安君何以自托于赵?(《蟹龙说赵太后》)译文：“长安君凭什么在赵国站住脚呢?”
④国胡以相恤?(《论积贮疏》) 译文：“国家用什么来救济老百性呢?”
⑤臆!微斯人吾谁与归?《岳阳楼记》译文：“哦!除了这样的人，我能同谁在一起呢?”
⑥虽生，何面目以归汉?(《苏武传》)译文：“即使活着，(我)凭什么脸面回汉朝去呢?”
【3】陈述句中介词宾语前置
格式：宾十介十动
①钩以写龙，凿以写龙(《叶公好龙》) 译文：“用钩子来画龙，用凿子来雕刻龙”
②余是以记之 (《游褒禅山记》) 译文：“我因此记下了这件事”
③一言以蔽之 译文：用一句话来概括它
④楚战士无不一以当十(《勾践灭吴》 译文：楚国的战士没有谁不用一个抵挡十个来拼命的作战的。
⑤成语有：夜以继日 (译：用夜晚来接着白天)
【4】用“之”、“是”作标志的宾语前置
格式：主十宾十之(是)十动
①夫晋，何罪之有? (《烛之武退秦师》) 译文：“晋国，有什么罪过呢?”
②唯弈秋之为听 (《弈秋》) 译文：“只听弈秋的教导”(“唯”译为“只”，下同)
③句读之不知，惑之不解(《师说》) 译文：“不了解句读，不能解答疑惑”
④唯陈言之务去 (《答李翊书》) 译文：“只是务必除去那些陈旧的.话”
⑤父母唯其疾之忧 译文：“父母只忧虑他的疾病”
⑥唯马首是瞻 (《冯婉贞》) 译文：“只看我的马头行事”
⑦君亡之不恤，而群臣是忧。译文：“我们的国君(晋惠公)不怜恤自己流亡在外，却忧虑着我们群臣” 还有如成语：唯利是图 (译：“只图有利的”)唯贤是用(译：“只任用有才的人”)
【5】“相”字解释为“动作行为偏指一方”时，可译为“我，你，他(她)”，这时“相”是作宾语放在动词谓语之前，翻译时放在动词谓语的后面。
①于是乘其厉声以呵，则噪而相逐(《五人墓碑记》)译文：这时趁着他厉声呵骂的时候，就一齐喊叫着追赶他。
②勤心养公姥，好自相扶将(《孔雀东南飞》) 译文：“尽心侍奉婆婆，好好服侍她”
③儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来(《回乡偶书》)译文：“小孩子看见了我却不认识我”
现代汉语中也有保留，如：请你相信
【6】“见”字解释为“动作行为偏指一方”时，可解释为“我”，这时“见”是作宾语放在动词谓语之前，翻译时放在动词谓语的后面。
①府吏见丁宁(《孔雀东南飞》) 译文：“(我回来时)府吏叮嘱我”
②生孩六月，慈父见背(《项脊轩志》)译文：“生下我六个月，父亲就背弃了我(意思是父亲就去逝了)”
这种情况在现代汉语里也有保留，如：望见恕(希望你宽恕我);有何见教(有什么指教我的);让你见笑了(让你笑话我了);望见谅(希望你原谅我)。
【7】方位词、时间词作宾语时，有时也前置
①亚父南向坐 (《鸿门宴》 译文：“亚父范增面向南坐着”
②至于北海，东面而视，不见水端(《秋水》)译文：“到达北海，向东看去，看不到水的尽头”
二、状语后置
状语后置分以下几种情况
我们知道，在现代汉语中状语置于谓语之前，若置于谓语之后便是补语。但在文言文中，处于补语的成分往往要以状语来理解，即翻译时大多数时候要提到谓语前面去翻译。
(1)格式：动十以十宾
①饰以篆文山龟鸟兽之形(《张衡传》) 译文：“用篆文山龟鸟兽的形状来装饰”
②请其矢，盛以锦囊(《伶官传序》) 译文：“并请出那三枝箭，用锦囊装着”
③方其系燕父子以组，(《伶官传序》) 译文：“当庄宗用绳索捆绑燕王父子”
④申之以孝悌之义 (《齐桓晋文之事》)译文：“把孝敬父母敬重兄弟的事向他们反复讲述”
⑤覆之以掌 (《促织》) 译文：“用手掌覆盖蟋蟀”
(2)格式：动十于(乎，相当“于”)十宾
①使归就求救于孙将军(《赤壁之战》) 译文：“让他回去向孙将军求救”
②能谤讥于市朝 (《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》) 译文：“能够在集市上指出我的过错的人”
③且立石于其墓之门(《五人墓碑记》) 译文：“并且在他们的墓门前建立石碑”
④沛公左司马曹无伤使人言于项羽曰(《鸿门宴》 译文：
⑤赵尝五战于秦(《六国论》) 译文：赵国曾经与秦国交战了五次
(3)格式：形十于十宾
①长于臣(《鸿门宴》) 译文：“(他，指项伯)比我长(大)”
②虽才高于世，而无骄尚之情(《张衡传》)译文：“虽然才能比世人高，但却没有骄傲的情绪”
③其势弱于秦(《六国论》) 译文：他们的势力比秦国弱
④青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝(《劝学》) 译文：
⑤师不必贤于弟子(《师说》) 译文：老师不一定要比弟子贤能
三、实战演练
1.与“不殴杀何待”句式相同的一项是( C )
A.吾属今为之虏矣! B.求人可使报秦者
C. 沛公安在 D.荆州之民附操者，逼兵势耳
2、下列句子与其他三项不同的是 ( C )
A、忌不自信 B、时人莫之许也
C、人马烧溺死者甚众 D、后世无传，臣未之闻也
3、下列选项中不是宾语前置的一项( C )
A、句读之不知，惑之不解。 B、何陋之有?
C、蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强。 D、夫晋，何厌之有?
4、选出下列各组中不是宾语前置的句子 ( B )
A、沛公安在? B 、虽我之死，有子存焉。
C 、唯才是举。 D、尔何知?
5、选出下列各组中不是宾语前置的句子( D )
A、城中皆不之觉。 B、唯余马首是瞻。
C、惟利是图。 D、马之千里者
6、选出下列各组中不是宾语前置的句子( A )
A 、其间旦暮闻何物? B 、君何以知燕王?
C、莫之或止 D 、未之多见也
7、将下的宾语前置句分类，正确的一项是( D )
①是以后世无传焉 ②而良人未之知也 ③然则一羽之不举 ④惟奕秋之为听 ⑤时人莫之许也 ⑥洞庭君安在 ⑦微斯人，吾谁与归? ⑧无乃尔是过与
⑨大王来何操 ⑩一言以蔽之
A、①⑥⑩/②⑤/③④⑧/⑦⑨ B、①⑥⑩②③④/⑤⑧/⑦⑨
C、①⑥⑦⑩/②③④⑤/⑧/⑨ D、①⑦⑩/②⑤/③④⑧/⑥⑨
1)①⑦⑩是介词宾语前置
一、倒装句
(一) 部分倒装
1. so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语, 意为“也是如此”, 用在肯定句中;在否定句中用neither/nor, 意为“也不这样”。
【考例1】—I don′t know about you, but I′m sick and tired of this weather.
—So ___________ I. I can′t stand all this rain.
解析:am。根据后面的“I can′t stand all this rain.”可知, 此处与上一句中的“I′m sick and tired of this weather.”表达同样的感受, 因此应该填入am, 表示“我也是”。
【 考例2】 This is not my story, nor___________ it the whole story. My story plays out differently.
解析:is。由前面的nor可知, 该词位于句首引起部分倒装, 前面的谓语动词是is, 所以本空也应用is。
2. never, seldom, not, little, hardly等否定副词或表示否定的介词短语at no time, in no case, by no means等放在句首时。
【考例1】No sooner ___________ Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
解析:had。no sooner...than... 引导时间状语从句, 且当no sooner位于主句句首时, 主句应用部分倒装形式, 同时no sooner与过去完成时连用, 故填had。
【考例2】Not only ___________ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well. (2014年全国大纲卷)
解析:do。not only引导的句子置于句首时, 句子应用部分倒装, 故填do。
3. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句, 且都放在句首时。
【考例1】Only when Lily walked into the office ___________ she realize that she had left the contract at home. (2015年天津卷)
解析:did。only位于句首, 修饰时间状语从句时, 句子应用部分倒装, “意识到”发生在过去, 所以本空应填入did。
【考例2】Only after talking to two students___________ I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals. (2015年湖南卷)
解析:did。only修饰介词短语放在句首时, 句子用部分倒装;同时根据句意可判断这里用一般过去时, 故填did。
4. so...that... 和such...that... 句式中, so或such及其修饰的部分置于句首时, 主句用部分倒装。例如:
Such progress did he make that he won much respect.
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
【考例】So curious ___________ the detective about the man wearing sunglasses during night that he determined to follow him.
解析:was。从后面的“...that he was determined to follow him.”可判断出, 本空应用一般过去时, 同时构成be curious about短语, 故填was。
5. if引导虚拟条件句, 如果省略if, 需要倒装。
【考例】___________ they known what was coming next, they might have had second thoughts.
解析:Had。根据they might have had second thoughts可知主句是对过去的虚拟, 故从句中应用if they had known与主句保持一致, 因为if被省略了, 故had提前。
(二) 全部倒装
1. 表示时间、地点或方位等的副词或介词 (短语) , 如here, there, now, then, up, down, out, away, in the room, on the wall等, 置于句首, 且主语是名词时。
【考例1】Among the crises that face humans___________ the lack of natural resources. (2013年上海卷)
解析:is。主语为the lack of natural resources, 中心词为lack, 所以谓语用单数is。
【考例2】—We have to stop talking here outside. Listen, there ___________ (go) the bell.
—Hurry up, or we′ll be late.
解析:goes。设空处为there开头的倒装句, 句子的主语是the bell, 且根据语境可以确定是一般现在时表示进行, 故填goes。
2. such放在句首时。注意:此句型中的such多被认为是表语, 所以such后的be动词应与后面真正的主语保持一致。例如:
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man but the 20th centurys greatest scientist.
【考例1】Such ___________ (be) the facts;no one can deny them.
解析:are。句子的主语是the facts, 为复数形式, 所以本空应填are。
【考例2】Such ___________ (be) Tu Youyou, the Chinese pharmacologist who won this year ′ s Nobel Prize in Medicine.
解析:is。句子的主语是Tu Youyou, 为单数, 所以本空应填is。
3. 形式倒装。as引导的让步状语从句, 表示“尽管”时, 此时相当于though。
【考例1】Delighted ___________ I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown′s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty... (2015年全国I卷)
解析:as/though。Delighted为表语, 放在句首, 可推断出空白处应填入表示“尽管”的单词, 故本空应填入as, 也可以填入though。
【考例2】Try ___________ she might, Sue couldn′t get the door open.
解析:as/though。本题考查as引导的让步状语从句。前半句说她试过, 后半句说Sue不能打开门, 明显前后两句的意思相反, 且动词try置于句首, 故本题应填入as/though。
二、强调句
1. 其基本结构是:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。被强调部分为“人”时, 可以用who/that, 被强调部分是“物”时, 应用that。
【考例1】It was when we were returning home ___________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. (2015年湖南卷)
解析:that。根据句子结构判断, 此句是一个强调句型, 强调when we were returning home, 所以用that。
【考例2】It′s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ___________makes life happy. (2014年湖南卷)
解析:that。本题是强调句型, 强调not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do。把it′s和that去掉之后, 句子仍成立。
2. 强调句型的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分;强调句型的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他成分。
【考例1】Was it because Jack came late for school ___________ Mr Smith got angry? (2014年四川卷)
解析:that。所强调的成分为原因状语从句because Jack came late for school, 故用that。
【 考例2】 Was it on a lonely island___________ he was saved one month after the boat went down?
解析:that。此处强调的是句子的地点状语on a lonely island。
3. not...until...结构的强调句型。
【考例】Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ___________ his musical gift was fully recognized. (2015年重庆卷)
解析:that。强调句与not until连用, 所以应该填that。
4. 对谓语动词的强调, 需要用do, does或did, 动词用原形。
【考例】If you have a job, ___________ (do) devote yourself to it and finally you′ll succeed.
解析:do。本题考查对动词的强调。
三、省略与替代
(一) 状语从句中的省略用法
1. 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 (am/is/are/was/were) , 可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
连词 (when, while, if, unless, once, as if, as though) +形容词/介词短语/非谓语动词。例如:
Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
【考例1】Video games can be a poor influence if ___________ (leave) in the wrong hands. (2015年湖南卷)
解析:left。if后面省略了they are left, they指代的是Video games。
【考例2】If ___________ (accept) for the job, you′ll be informed soon. (2015年北京卷)
解析:accepted。accept为及物动词, 从语境看, 其后没有接宾语, 判断表示被动, 故填过去分词, 即accepted。
2. 当从句的主语是it, 谓语动词中又含有系动词be时, 这时可以省略it和be。例如:
Unless (it is) possible, you′d better not refer to the dictionary.
If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
【考例】—Have you got any particular plans for the coming winter vacation?
—Yes. ___________ possible, I′m going to visit my grandparents.
解析:If。根据句意可知应填If。
(二) 不定式符号to的省略
1. 感官动词see, hear, feel, watch等和使役动词have, make, let等后接不定式作宾语时, 不定式省略to, 但是在被动语态中不能够省略。
【考例】After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made ____________ (answer) all sorts of awkward questions.
解析:to answer。主句用的是一般过去时的被动, 所以本空应填to answer。
2. do nothing but, can′t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。例如:
We didn′t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldn′t help but cry.
【考例】Kids these days do nothing but____________ (play) mindlessvideogames, leaving no time for constructive toys like those their grandparents loved.
解析:play。短语do nothing but意为“只是, 仅”, 后面应接动词原形。
3. 在特定语境中为了避免重复, 当不定式再次出现时, 在want, wish, hope, try, plan, like, love, hate后往往只保留to, 而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be, have时, 也保留be和have。例如:
My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.
【考例1】—Shall he be told about the plan for the weekend?
—Yes, he ought ___________ (be) .
解析:to be。不定式中有be, 保留了be。
【考例2】—The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police___________ (not) .
解析:not to。空格处补全为not to park his car near the roadside。
(三) so和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容, 替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, I′m afraid等连用。例如:
— Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting?
— I suppose not.
【 考例1】 Get up early tomorrow. If___________, you will miss the first bus.
解析:not。根据句意判断本题应填not。空白处补充完整为“If you don′t get up early tomorrow”。
【考例2】That is why I help brighten people′s days. If you _____ (do) , who′s to say that another person will? (2015 年湖南卷)
解析:don′t。根据此句中的“who′s to say that another person will?”可知主句用的是将来时, 故if引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时。
四、祈使句
1.祈使句的使用。
祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此, 祈使句中一般没有主语, 但根据其句意可知, 实际上是省略了主语you。例如:
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.
【 考例1】Always ___________ (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. (2015年湖南卷)
解析:keep。这是一个完整的句子, 而that引导的是宾语从句, 因此只能是祈使句。故填keep。
【考例2】___________ (make) what you′re doing today important, because you′ re trading a day of your life for it.
解析:Make。题干中逗号后是一个原因状语从句, 因此前面必须是一个主句才能成立。只有用动词原形才能构成一个祈使句, 才是一个完整的句子。
2.祈使句与陈述句的并列使用。
“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。“祈使句+or (else) +表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件。
【考例1】___________ (call) me tomorrow and I′ll let you know the lab result. (2014 年全国大纲卷)
解析:Call。此句是祈使句, 故用动词原形。
【考例2】Read this story, ___________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. (2013年四川卷)
解析:and。“祈使句+ and/or +陈述句”是一个固定句式, 根据句意应填and。
【考例3】Don′t turn off the computer before closing all programs ___________ you could have problems (2013年福建卷)
解析:or。根据句意“在关闭所有程序之前不要关电脑, 否则可能会出问题。”可知, 应填or。
五、感叹句
(一) what引导的感叹句
1.What+a (an) +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!例如:
What a beautiful voice she has!
2.What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!例如:
What kind doctors they are!
3.What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!例如:
What good news it is!
(二) how引起的感叹句
1. how用作状语, 修饰形容词、副词和动词。例如:
How clever you are!
2. How +形容词+a (an) +可数名词单数+主语+谓语!例如:
How good a student he is!
【考例1】___________ an interesting role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.
解析:What。中心词是role, 所以本空应填入What。
【考例2】___________ fun it is to take a rest after a long run.
解析:How。fun在此为形容词, 故应填How。
六、强化训练
(一) 单句语法填空。
在下列句子的空白处填入适当的词语。
1. ___________ (leave) a note before you leave and have everything explained clearly.
2. ___________ (listen) carefully and see if you can find any difference.
3. No sooner ___________ she started in her new job than she fell in love with it.
4.So tired ___________ he that he fell sleepy the moment he sat on the sofa.
5.—Bob, I wonder if your father is an engineer.
—No, he is a merchant, but he used___________.
6.—You should have thanked her before you left.
— I meant ___________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere
7.Not until one of my classmates patted me on the shoulder ___________ I come to myself.
8.Only then ___________ the girl realize the importance of helping each other.
9. ___________ a smart child! I love him the moment I see him.
10.—Will you take part in the activity to be held tomorrow afternoon?
—Yes, I’d love ___________.
11.Take care when you′re driving in such a foggy day, ___________ you might get in trouble.
12.It was her retirement __________ China′s two-time Grand Slam winner Li Na announced on Friday morning.
13. Was it on the square ___________ you happened to meet Bob last week?
14.Remember to clean the room tomorrow. If___________, I will punish you.
15. ___________ you followed my advice, you would have avoided such trouble.
16. Strictly speaking, it was not until 1920___________ regular radio broadcast began.
17.What is it about me ___________ makes him think he can treat me this way?
18.It is for about four months ___________heating is supplied centrally in north of China.
19.When first ___________ (ask) if I was interested in becoming a model, I simply thought it true.
20.If you go fishing this coming Saturday, so___________ I.
(二) 语篇型语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
California has the worst drought in its history. Water1 (supply) are at dangerously low levels. The state government has done many things2 (try) to prevent water shortages.Yesterday, farmers stepped in to help to conserve water. California s farmers3 (agree) to cut back on water use by 25 per cent. This will be4 (volunteer) . This agreement follows action by California′s governor to cut water use in cities by 25 per cent. This was started as an emergency plan5it made many city people angry.6did not want to be the only ones to have to cut back on water.
California′s water system serves over 30 million people and waters six million acres of farmland. It is the world′s biggest and most productive water system. It also has7most problems because too many people want too much water.Farmers say it is of great8 (important) they get water first because they grow food. However, crops like almonds need a lot of water. People in the cities say they need water to live. There is also demand9golf courses and from rich people in the state for their swimming pools. California′s population10 (be) almost 50 million by the year 2020.
B
I never thought that little help will turn out to be the most satisfying thing I have ever done.He was1 (tire) , in pain and struggling to climb further. He was paralyzed (瘫痪的) in both legs and2 (raise) funds for some operation.If operated3 (success) , he could attend a training guaranteeing him a job. I was full of doubts. I even asked him4 (show) his legs. I gave him5 (remain) money he needed. After few days, he again came asking6more money for tickets and lodging. This time I was more or less convinced he was cheating7. I gave him some.
A year went by I got a call from him. What he said next was touching. He said he wanted to return it so that I didn′t feel8 (cheat) and continue to help people in need in the future. I don′t know whether he read my facial9 (express) that day, but tears were running down my face. That day I10 (promise) him I would continue to help people when I saw an opportunity— small or big. Truly a life-changing event of my life has happened.
C
I had to take a different route home than Iusually do because of a road closure (道路封闭) .While I1 (stop) at a red light I could see a man approaching my car and talking.I thought maybe he was asking for directions, 2when I turned my radio off, I3 (hear) he was asking me for a ride a bit down the road.Being a young woman on my own, I was a bit hesitant thinking of4my friends′advice would be (to be ware of my safety) .However, I have found myself in this man's situation before, making a long walk and wishing I could get5quick ride from the many drivers passing by.Not wanting to pass up an opportunity to help, I let him6.It was a short ride, but he introduced7 (he) and started a very pleasant conversation.I8 (learn) his bicycle broke so he had to rely on the kindness of strangers for a few days.Hearing his9 (thank) and learning of others who have shared a ride10 (real) gave me a sense of wonder and lifted my mood for the rest of the day!
参考答案与解析:
(一) 单句语法填空。
1.Leave。本题考查祈使句+and句式, 所以本空应填动词原形, 即Leave。
2.Listen。本题考查祈使句+and句式, 所以本空应填动词原形, 即Listen。
3.had。No sooner引出倒装, 同时用过去完成时, 故填had。
4.was。so修饰形容词tired放在句首时, 句子应用倒装, 同时构成be tired结构, 故填was。
5.to be。空格处补充完整为“to be an engi⁃neer”, 所以本空应填to be。
6.to。不定式作某些动词的宾语且与前面的内容相同, 为了避免重复, 常省略与上文相同的部分, 而只保留动词不定式符号to。
7.did。Not until放在句首, 句子应用倒装, 同时根据patted可知应填入did。
8.did。Only修饰状语放在句首时, 句子应用倒装, 同时then说明本空应用过去时, 故填did。
9.What。本句为感叹句, 强调的是中心词child。
10.to。“I′d love to”是省略形式, 空格处补充完整为“to take part in the activity to be held tomorrow afternoon”。
11.or/otherwise。“祈使句+or/otherwise+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件。
12.that。这里为强调句型, 被强调部分为her retirement, 所以本空应填that。
13.that。这里为强调句型, 被强调部分为on the square, 所以本空应填that。
14.not。根据后面句子的意思“如果明天不打扫房间, 我会惩罚你。”可知, 本空应填not。
15.Had。根据would have avoided可知, 这里是与过去事实相反的虚拟, 省略了if, 所以Had提前。
16.that。被强调部分为not until 1920, 所以本空应填that。
17.that。被强调部分为特殊疑问词, 所以本空应填that。
18.that。被强调部分为for about four months, 所以本空应填that。
19.asked。这里为省略, I与ask之间为被动关系, 所以用过去分词asked。
20.will。so放在句首, 句子用倒装;If从句用一般现在时表示将来, 所以这里用will。
(二) 语篇型语法填空
A
【解题导读】本文为说明文。介绍了美国加州的干旱问题日益严重, 为此, 政府采取了各种措施避免水短缺。
1.supplies。考查名词的复数。所填词作主语, 同时从谓语动词are判断, 该名词应该用复数, 故用supplies。
2.to try。考查非谓语动词。所填词作目的状语, 所以用to try。
3.have agreed。考查时态。根据句意“加州农民已经同意削减用水的25%。”可知, 强调的是结果, 所以用现在完成时, 即have agreed。
4.voluntary。考查词性转换。所填词作表语, 故应填形容词, 即voluntary。
5.but。考查连词。前后句子在逻辑上为转折关系, 所以本空应填but。
6.They。考查代词。所填词作主语, 指代前面的many city people, 所以本空应填They。
7.the。考查冠词。most为形容词的最高级形式, 故其前应加定冠词the。
8.importance。考查词性转换。“be of+名词”相当于“be+该名词的形容词”, 故本空应填importance。
9.from。考查介词。根据and后的from可知本空也应填from, 意为“来自”。
10.will be。考查时态。根据时间状语by the year 2020可知, 本空应用一般将来时, 即will be。
B
【解题导读】本文为记叙文。介绍了“我”两次帮助一位双腿瘫痪的人, 后来他在身体康复后, 主动联系我, 希望我继续发扬美德。
1.tired。考查词性转换。根据意思“他很疲惫”可知, 应填tired。
2.was raising。考查时态。指当时正在筹集资金, 所以用过去进行时, 即was raising。
3.successfully。考查词性转换。所填词作状语, 修饰动词operated。
4.to show。考查非谓语动词。不定式作宾语补足语, 所以本空填to show。
5.remaining。考查词性转换。所填词作定语, 修饰后面的名词money, 所以本空应填形容词remaining, 意为“剩余的”。
6.for。考查介词。ask for something“要什么东西”, 为固定短语。
7.me。考查代词。cheat是及物动词, 其后应接代词的宾格形式作宾语, 故本空应填me。
8.cheated。考查非谓语动词。I与cheat之间为被动关系, 所以本空应填过去分词cheated。
9.expression。考查词性转换。根据前面的修饰语my facial判断, 所填词应为名词, 所以本空应填expression。
10.promised。考查时态。That day表示本空应用一般过去时, 即promised。
C
【解题导读】本文为记叙文。介绍了我在回家途中遇到一个搭车的人, 作为一个单身女子我感到有点犹豫, 但是我最终同意了, 我感到非常高兴。
1.was stopped。考查时态语态。I与stop为被动关系, 同时这是发生在过去的故事, 应该用一般过去时, 故用was stopped。
2.but。考查冠词。前后句子在逻辑上为转折关系, 所以本空应填but。
3.heard。hear这个动作发生在过去, 故填heard。
4.what。考查名词性从句。所填词引导宾语从句, 在从句中作be的表语, 故应填what。
5.a。考查冠词。ride为单数可数名词, 这里表示泛指, 故本空应填a。
6.in。考查副词。前面提到这个人想搭车, 可知应填in。let sb. in意为“让某人进入”。
7.himself。考查代词。根据句意可知此处应用反身代词作宾语, 而句子的主语是he, 故本空应填himself。
8.learned。考查时态。learn这个动作发生在过去, 所以用一般过去时。
9.thanks。考查名词的复数。thank表示“感谢”, 通常用复数。
[强调句基本句型]
强调句基本句型：“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”。be的时态：that/who前面be的时态一般是一般现在时，当它后面的句子为过去时时，才用过去时。
判断方法：将（It is/was） ... （that/who） ...括号中的词同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然成立。若成立，则是强调句型；若不成立，则为状语从句、定语从句或主语从句。
如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用that或who（whom）连接其他成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用that连接其他成分。
It was I that/who saw a film in the Youth Palace last night. （强调主语）
It was a film that I saw in the Youth Palace last night. （强调宾语）
It was in the Youth Palace that I saw a film last night. （强调地点状语）
It was last night that I saw a film in the Youth Palace. （强调时间状语）
例1 It’s not what we do once in a while
shapes our lives， but what we do consistently.
A. which B. that C. how D. when
解析 B。强调主语。句意：塑造我们生活的东西不是我们偶尔所做的事情，而是那些我们自始至终所做的事情。
例2 ____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late
B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late
D. It was because we were late
解析 B。强调主语our being late，此题若还原成一般陈述句，即为：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is（was） ... that ...，句子仍然成立。换句话说，该结构中的that不能充当句子成分。
[not ... until用于强调句]
在强调not ... until结构中由until短语（或从句）表示时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is（was） not until ... that ...。注意此时原句的not ... until要变成not until，that从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。
My father didn’t come home until 12 o’clock last night.
It was not until 12 o’clock last night that my father came home.
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
例3 It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous， for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A. who B. that C. where D. before
解析 B。把it was及空去掉，可转换为一个完整的句子。且这是表示“直到……时才”的句型之一：it was not until ... that ...。
[it’s+时间或地点状语+that ... 用于强调句]
比较：it’s+时间或地点名词+where ... （时间状语从句、定语从句）。如：
It was in the town that I was born. （in the town为地点状语，强调句）
It is the town where I was born. （the town为地点名词，定语从句）
It was at 8 o’clock that he returned. （at 8 o’clock时间状语，强调句）
It was 8 o’clock when he returned. （8 o’clock为时间名词，时间状语从句）
例4 —Have you seem the film Mermaid Mermaid？
—Of course， I have. It was in our city it was made.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
nlc202309090041
解析 A。问话人询问对方是否看过《美人鱼》这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的城市拍摄的。被强调的部分是地点状语in our city。
注意，强调句型容易和句型it is/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词it is （was） ... that（who） ...去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子。但后者的it is/was ... that是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉it is/was ... that就不再完整：
It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms.
强调句型还容易跟It is/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：It is clear （obvious，true，possible，certain ...） that ...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚、显然，真的，肯定……”，是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear.
例5 It was just in the room he was born he died.
A. where， which B. that， that
C. where， that D. which， that
解析 A。非强调句。此句若去掉结构词，即为Five o’clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，但若在five o’clock前加上介词at就完整了，因为at five o’clock在这里用作时间状语。此题选A：it表示时间，when the fire broke out为时间状语从句。句意：火灾是5点钟发生的吗？
[助动词do用于强调句]
对谓语动词的强调要借助于助动词do加动词原形，而且do有人称、时态和数的变化。这种强调形式主要用于祈使句以及一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。do可译成“确实”“的确”。
If you have a job， do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
To my great joy， the plant did look exactly like what we were looking for.
He does work hard and finish the job in time.
在肯定的祈使句中，用动词do来加强语气，可译成“务必，一定，千万”。
Do come and see us some day.
Do give her my regards.
例6 It may have been at Christmas John gave Mary a handbag.
A. before B. who C. that D. when
解析 C。被强调部分为at Christmas，其中的动词be采用了may have been这一较为复杂的形式。
状语后置句
1．青，取之于蓝而青于蓝 2．而耻学于师
3．师不必贤于弟子 4．学于余
5．使负栋之柱多于南亩之农夫 6．其势弱于农夫 7．赵尝五战于秦 8．游于赤壁之下
9．况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上 10．月出于东山之上 11．后秦击赵者再 12．游于江潭 13．行吟泽畔
14．会于会稽山阴之兰亭 15．州司临门，急于星火 16．是臣尽节于陛下之日长 17．古人所以重施行于大夫者 18．而文采不表于后 19．藏之于名山
20．又杂植兰桂竹木于亭 21．鸡栖于庭，尝居于此 22．室西连于中闺 23．而母立于兹 24．其制稍异于前 25．去以六月息者也 26．其欣于所遇 27．悟言一室之内
28．后之览者，亦将有感于斯文 29．不能喻之于怀 30．申之以孝悌
31．颁白者不负戴于道路矣
宾语前置句
1.2.3.4.5.句读之不知 何为其然也 秦人不暇自哀 故国神游 多情应笑我 6.英雄无觅孙仲谋处 7.安在其不厚也 8.彼且恶乎待哉
9.其自视也，亦若是 10.是以见放
11.悉以之九万里而南为 12.悉以知其然也 13.彼且悉适也 14.之二虫又何知
15.背负青天而莫之夭阏者 16.覆杯水于坳堂之上 17.未之有也 18.鸡豚狗彘之畜 19.以五十步笑百步 20.树之以桑 21.秋以为期
定语后置句
1．蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强 2．以为凡是州之山水有异态者 3．客有吹洞箫者 4．苟以天下之大
5．虽无丝竹管弦之盛
6．仰观宇宙之大，俯察品类之盛 7．安能以身之察察 8．安能以浩浩之白 9．自令放为
主谓倒装
1．渺渺兮于怀
判断句
1．君子生非异也，善假于物也
2．虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也 3．师者，所以传道授业解惑也 4．道之所存，师之所存也 5．是岁元和四年也
6．是故燕虽小国而后亡，斯用兵之效也 7．赂秦而力亏，破灭之道也 8．项脊轩，旧南阁子也 9．此小大之辨也 10．《齐谐》者，志怪者也
11．穷发之北，有冥海者，天地也 12．修禊事也 13．死生亦大矣 14．其致一也 15．是亦走也 16．非我也，兵也
17．是使民养生丧死无憾也 18．养生丧死无憾，王道之始也
被动句
1.不拘于时
2.此非孟德之困于周郎者乎 3.风流总被，雨打风吹去 4.而为秦人积威之所劫 5.屈原放逐
6.欲苟顺私情，则告诉不许 7.慈父见背 8.而刘夙婴疾病 9.假令伏法受诛
10.为倜傥非常之人称焉 11.韩非囚秦 12.不韦迁蜀 13.得不焚
14.圣人不凝滞产物
省略句
1.輮以为轮
2.今其智乃反不能及 3.举酒属客
4.相与枕藉乎舟中 5.舞幽壑之潜蛟 6.举以予人
7.奉之弥繁，侵之愈急 8.何也
9.弃甲曳兵而走 10.可以无所矣
11.五十者可以衣帛矣 12.不复与言 13.翱翔蓬蒿之间
热点一：祈使句
祈使句通常用来表示请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱、禁止、建议、警告、号召或祝愿等语气， 目的明确，在口语中应用广泛。在历年中考试题中，祈使句是考查热点之一，备受命题人的青睐，每年的试题均有涉及。
1. 对祈使句谓语动词形式的考查
祈使句主语一般是第二人称(you)，为了强调和增强句子节奏，往往省略主语(you)。所以祈使句都是以动词原形开头。
【真题链接1】(长春卷) ______ along this street， and you can find the hotel on your right， next to the market.
A. Walk B. To walk
C. Walks D. Walking
【真题链接2】(20河南卷) ______ kind and helpful to the people around us， and we will make the world a nice place to live in.
A. Be B. Being
C. To be D. Been
Key： 1～2 AA
2. 对祈使句否定形式的考查
祈使句的否定形式通常是在句首加dont或never(语气更强)构成。
【真题链接3】(年绥化卷) ______ swim in the river alone， Karen. Its too dangerous.
A. Not B. Dont
C. Doesnt
【真题链接4】(2015年盐城卷) Daniel， ______ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street.
A. dont B. doesnt
C. wont D. cant
【真题链接5】(2015年陕西卷) ______ on the grass， or it will “cry”.
A. To walk B. Not to walk
C. Walk D. Dont walk
Key： 3～5 BAD
注意：
(1)如果是带有主语的祈使句，通常将dont置于主语前面。如：
Dont you speak to me like that! 你别这样跟我讲话!
(2)“Lets ...”祈使句的否定结构一般由“Lets not ...”构成。如：
We only have an hour. Lets not argue about it.我们只有一个小时的时间。别再争论这个了。
3. 对“祈使句+ and (then) / or (else) +简单句”的考查
在该句型中，如果祈使句与后面的陈述句是顺承关系，则用连词and或and then;如果祈使句与后面的陈述句是转折关系，则用连词or或or else。此外，该句型中，祈使句表示“条件”，简单句表示“结果”。简单句中谓语动词通常用一般将来时或用情态动词表示将来。
【真题链接6】(2015年北京卷) Get up early， ______ youll be late for school.
A. so B. and
C. or D. but
【真题链接7】(2015年黄石卷) Be quiet， my kids， ______ you will have to stay outside， because this is a library.
A. and B. because
C. or D. but
【真题链接8】(2015年重庆卷) Youd better take care， ______ you will hurt your eyes.
A. so B. but
C. or D. and
【真题链接9】(2015年德州卷) Youd better wake up Tom at 6：30， ______ he will be late for the match.
A. if B. or
C. and D. but
Key： 6～9 CCCB
4.对祈使句附加问句的考查
由于祈使句的动作通常是指将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，肯定回答用“Yes， I will.”，否定回答用“No， I wont.”。祈使句后可以跟附加问句以加强语气或使语气变得更加委婉一些。
(1)肯定的祈使句，若表示“请求或要求”，后面的附加问句通常用用will you;若表示“邀请或劝说”，后面的附加问句通常用wont you(也可用will you)。
(2)否定的祈使句，后面的附加问句通常用will you。
(3)如果以“Lets ...”开头的祈使句表示“建议”，则其后的附加问句通常用shall we / shant we。
(4)如果以“Let us ...”开头的祈使句表示 “请求”，则其后的附加问句通常用will you。
【真题链接10】(2015年安顺卷) —Dont be late for school next time， ______?
—No， I wont.
A. are you B. will you
C. do you D. did you
【真题链接11】(2015年宜宾卷) Nancy， sweep the classroom， ______?
A. dont you B. do you
C. will you D. doesnt she
Key： 10～11 BC
热点二：感叹句
英语中的感叹句通常是由what或how引导，表示惊奇、赞赏、愤怒、喜悦、惋惜或愿望，句末加感叹号。中考对感叹句的考查一般为以下几种形式：
1. 对what引导的感叹句的考查
what引导的感叹句有：
(1) What + a / an + adj. +可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
(2) What + adj. +可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!
(3) What + adj. +不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
【真题链接1】(2015年云南卷) ______ useful robot! It can help with the housework like a human servant.
A. How B. What an
C. How a D. What a
【真题链接2】(2015年宿迁卷) —Lets go to Luoma Lake and take the Ferris Wheel (摩天轮) to enjoy the view of Suqian.
—______ interesting idea!
A. What B. What an
C. How D. How an
【真题链接3】(2015年长沙卷) —Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July.
—Really? ______ exciting news!
A. How B. What an
C. What
【真题链接4】(2015年襄阳卷) —The passenger ship Eastern Star capsized (倾覆) in the Yangtze River on the evening of June 1st.
—______ bad news! Can we do something to help with the rescue (救援)?
A. What a B. What
C. How a D. How
【真题链接5】(2015年永州卷) ______ Su Bingtian is! He finished the 100-meter race in 9.99 seconds.
A. How a fast runner
B. What a fast runner
C. What fast runner
【真题链接6】(2015年宜昌卷) —Our team has won the first prize in the soccer games.
—Congratulations! ______ team you are!
A. How great
B. What a great
C. What great
D. How a great
【真题链接7】(2015年乐山卷) ______ beautiful picture! I couldnt believe it was painted by a young child.
A. What a B. What
C. How
【真题链接8】(2015年盐城卷) ______ great fun we had in Yandu Park last Sunday!
A. How B. What
C. What a D. How a
Key： 1～5 DBCBB 6～8 BAB
2. 对how引导的感叹句的考查
how引导的感叹句有：
(1) How + adj. / adv.(+主语+谓语)!
(2) How + adj. + a / an +可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
【真题链接1】(2015年郴州卷) ______ dangerous it is for a child to swim alone in a river!
A. What B. What a
C. How
【真题链接2】(2015年株洲卷) ______ fantastic the dragon boat teams are!
A. How B. What
C. What a
【真题链接3】(2015年济宁卷) —Wow! ______ beautiful the music is!
—Yes. Thats my favorite.
A. What B. What a
C. What an D. How
【真题链接4】(2015年玉林卷) ______ interesting the book is! I want to buy one， too.
A. How B. What
C. How an D. What an
【真题链接5】(2015年丹东卷) —______ exciting the movie is!
—Sure， I have seen it three times.
A. What B. What an
C. How D. How an
【真题链接6】(2015年上海卷) ______ important it is for kids to imagine freely!
A. What B. What a
C. What an D. How
【真题链接7】(2015年广东卷) —So far， Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.
—______ he runs!
A. How slow B. How fast
C. What a slow D. What a fast
Key： 1～5 CADAC 6～7 DB
热点三：there be句型
there be句型常译为“有”。在这个句式中，there不是主语而是引导词，主语是be动词后的名词，be动词应与后边的主语保持一致(当主语不止一个时，应遵循“就近一致”的原则);be动词前还可以加上can， may， must， might， used to， ought to， seem to， happen to等情态动词或短语动词;be动词还可以被stand， live， lie， exist， appear等表示“存在”概念的动词替代。
【真题链接1】(2015年安徽卷) Drive slowly， Mary. ______ is something ahead on the road.
A. It B. This
C. That D. There
【真题链接2】(2015年广东卷) —______ there any living things on other planets?
—I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A. Is B. Are
C. Has D. Have
【真题链接3】(2015年广州卷) The weather forecast says that ______ another storm tomorrow.
A. there will haveB. there will be
C. there has D. there has been
【真题链接4】(2015年襄阳卷) —We ordered beef noodles， but ______ any beef in the noodles.
—Put on your glasses and you can see the beef.
A. there isnt B. there is
C. there arent D. there are
【真题链接5】(2015年重庆卷) There ______ more and more foreigners learning Chinese now.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
【真题链接6】(2015年黔西南卷) There ______ a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon.
A. is going to be B. will have
C. are going to beD. is going to have
【真题链接7】(2015年白银卷) There ______ great changes in such kind of PDA (掌上电脑) in the last few years.
A. has been B. have been
C. has had D. have had
【真题链接8】(2015年泰安卷) —Why are you in such a hurry， John?
—There ______ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.
A. will be B. was
C. would be D. has been
【真题链接9】(威海卷) There ______ a great concert in the theater next Saturday evening.
A. will be B. will have
C. has D. is going to have
Key： 1～5 DBBAB 6～9 ABAA
热点四：so和neither / nor构成的固定倒装句
由so，neither / nor引导的倒装句指上句话提到的情况同样适合下文的人或物，为了避免和上文的内容重复，英语中习惯用 so， neither / nor 引导的倒装句。so引导的倒装句表示肯定的情况;neither / nor 引导的倒装句表示否定的情况。倒装句的时态与前一句时态保持一致，上下文陈述的不是同一人或事物。其基本结构为：“so+be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“某人或某物的情况也是如此”;“neither / nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“某人或某物的情况也不这样”。
【真题链接1】(2015年安顺卷) —They go to school early in the morning.
—______.
A. So do Tom B. So Tom do C. So does TomD. So Tom does
【真题链接2】(2015年无锡卷) —What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word!
—______. Hes from India， so I guess it is Hindi.
A. Neither I can B. Neither can I
C. So I can D. So can I
【真题链接3】(2015年黔西南卷) —Tom didnt go for a picnic yesterday.
—______.
A. So did I
B. So I did
C. Neither did I
D. Neither I did
【真题链接4】(20宜宾卷) —Im not going swimming this afternoon.
—______. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.
A. So am I
B. So I am
C. Neither am I
D. Neither I am
【真题链接5】(2015年曲靖卷) —I like the smells in the air—newly-cut grass and sweet flowers.
—______. It smells so nice.
A. So I do B. So do I
C. So am I D. So I am
【真题链接6】(2015年龙东卷) —Lucy cant go mountain climbing with us tomorrow.
—______. I have to do housework at home.
A. So can I
B. Neither can I
C. Neither I can
【真题链接7】(2015年黑河卷) —I cant hang out with you because of illness.
—If you dont go， ______.
A. neither will I
B. so do I
C. neither do I
【真题链接8】(年遂宁卷) —Will you go to Peters party this Saturday evening?
—I havent decided yet. If you dont go， ______.
A. so will I
B. neither do I
C. neither will I
Key： 1～5 CBCCB 6～8 BAC
注意：
“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示赞同，意为“某人或某物确实如此”。 这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：
—She speaks English very well. 她英语说得很好。
—So she does. 确实是这样。
【真题链接9】(2015年泰安卷) —Taian is a really comfortable city to live in.
—______， and its world famous for Mount Tai.
A. So it is B. So is it
C. So it does D. So does it
【真题链接10】(2014年云南卷) —Kunming is really a comfortable city to live in.
—______. The weather is pleasant.
A. So it is B. So is it
C. So it does D. So does it
Key： 9～10 AA
热点五：it句型
很多中考试题中的单项选择题都考查了与it相关的句型，现将相关考点分述如下：
1. It is + adj. (+ of / for sb.) + to do sth.
在该句型中，当该形容词(如necessary， important， difficult， hard， easy， impossible等)表示对整个事情进行评价时，用for;当该形容词(如kind， nice， good， bad， wise， clever， silly， foolish， careless， brave， careful， wrong， right 等)表示人的性格或特点时，必须用of。
【真题链接1】(2015年长沙卷) Its necessary for us ______ to our parents when we have problems.
A. to talk B. talking
C. talk
【真题链接2】(2015年连云港卷) Its great ______ us to get so many favourite books on International Childrens Book Day.
A. to B. with
C. of D. for
【真题链接3】(温州卷) Its _______ to listen to light music when you feel tired.
A. dangerous B. scary
C. relaxing D. difficult
【真题链接4】(20安徽卷) It is helpful to ______ a good habit of reading in language learning.
A. take B. show
C. develop D. match
Key： 1～4 ADCC
2. It is / has been +一段时间+ since从句
若since从句中的谓语动词为延续性动词，则该句型意为“自……以来已有多长时间了”;若since从句中的谓语动词为短暂性动词，则该句型意为“自不……以来已有多长时间了”。
【真题链接5】 (年杭州卷) —What was the party like?
—Wonderful! Its years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before
C. when D. since
【真题链接6】(2013年上海卷) It ______ ten years since the Whites ______ in the village.
A. has been; lived
B. has been; have lived
C. is; has lived
D. will be; lived
Key： 5～6 DA
3. It + be +一段时间+ before从句
若主句中的be动词是was或wasnt，则该句型表示“从句动作发生以前已过了多长时间”;若谓语动词是will / wont be， 则该句型表示“过多久/过不多久某事将会发生”。
【真题链接7】(2013年北京卷) It will be quite some time ______ she is back again， so dont be too angry with her.
A. that B. since
C. before D. until
Key： 7. C
4. It is up to sb. to do sth.
该句型意为“由某人负责干某事”。
【真题链接8】(2013年上海卷) It is up ______ Tom ______ decide when to start.
A. to; which B. to; to
C. of; to D. to; for
Key： 8. B
5. It is no wonder + that从句 / No wonder + that从句
该句型意为“难怪……”。
【真题链接9】(2013年南京卷) They are all classmates. ______ is no wonder ______ they should help each other with their studies.
A. This; whether B. It; if
C. That; that D. It; that
Key： 9. D
6. It is / was +具体时间+ when从句。该句型意为“在……时候，某事发生了”。
【真题链接10】(2013年广州卷) It was five oclock in the afternoon ______ they got to the top of the mountain.
A. since B. when
C. that D. until
Key： 10. B
热点六：反意疑问句
1. 对反意疑问句基本形式的考查
反意疑问句，也叫附加疑问句，其谓语必须参照前面陈述部分的谓语形式，与其在人称、数和时态上与之保持一致。要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”的原则，即：陈述部分用肯定句时，附加问句用否定形式(与not连用时要注意用缩写形式);反之，陈述部分为否定句时，附加问句用肯定形式。一般来说，陈述部分含有否定词not， never， hardly， seldom， few， little， neither， no， no one， nobody， nothing， none等时应视为否定句。
【真题链接1】(2015年呼和浩特卷) We have to finish the work now， ______?
A. dont we B. havent we
C. have we D. do we
【真题链接2】(2015年益阳卷) —Its Fathers Day today， ______?
—Yes， lets buy a gift for Dad.
A. isnt he B. doesnt it
C. isnt it
【真题链接3】(2013年益阳卷) —Jim had nothing for breakfast this morning， ______?
—______. He got up too late.
A. had he; Yes
B. hadnt he; Yes
C. did he; No
【真题链接4】(2013年十堰卷) Theres little important news in the newspaper today， ______?
A. isnt there B. is there
C. is it D. are there
Key： 1～4 ACCB
注意：
当陈述部分为复合句时，一般情况下，附加问句应同陈述部分的主句保持一致。当陈述部分的主句是I think， I believe， I guess等时，附加问句应与其宾语从句保持一致。
【真题链接5】(2013年黄石卷) I dont think the newly-directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say， ______?
A. do you B. isnt it
C. is it D. dont you
Key： 5. C
2. 对反意疑问句的答语的考查
反意疑问句的回答形式类似于一般疑问句，即：yes后面无not，no后面带not。当反意疑问句为“前肯后否”时，yes仍译作“是”，no译作“不”。
【真题链接6】(2013年兰州卷) —He hasnt watched the movie “So Young”， has he?
—______. He told me it was very moving and interesting， and hed like to watch it again.
A. Yes， he has
B. Yes， he hasnt
C. No， he hasnt
D. No， he has
【真题链接7】(2013年宜宾卷) —Sam didnt go to school yesterday， did he?
—______. He was ill yesterday.
A. Yes， he did B. No， he did C. No， he didnt D. Yes， he didnt
【真题链接8】(2013年镇江卷) —You have joined the Singing Club， havent you?
—______. I like singing， but I dont have any time.
A. Yes， I do B. No， I dont
C. Yes， I have D. No， I havent
Key： 6～8 ACD
热点七：表示“提建议”的句型
中考英语试题中常考的“提建议”的句型有：
1. had better (not) do sth.“最好(不)做某事”
2. How about / What about doing sth.?“做某事怎么样”
3. I think you should do sth.“我认为你应该做某事”
4. Lets do sth.“让我们做某事吧”
5. Why not do sth. / Why dont you do sth.? “为什么不做某事”
【真题链接1】(2015年苏州卷) —We can invite Nick and Nora to Shanghai Disneyland with us.
—______? Ill give them a call right now.
A. Why not B. What for
C. Why D. What
【真题链接2】(2013年咸宁卷) Its rather hot in the room. Youd better ______ the window or the door.
A. close B. not to close
C. dont close D. not close
【真题链接3】(2013年丽水卷) —Can I have some cookies， Mom?
—______ Ill get you some.
A. No way.
B. How come?
C. How can it be?
D. Why not?
【真题链接4】(2013年广州卷) —I feel very tired.
—______
A. Lucky you!
B. Youd better work harder.
C. Congratulations!
D. Why not go and have a rest?
Key： 1～4 ADDD
热点八：表示“花费”的句型
中考英语试题中常考查学生对下列表示“花费”的固定句型的运用能力：
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.“干某事花某人一些时间”
2. sb. spend some time on sth. / (in) doing sth.“某人花时间在某事上/某人花时间干某事”
3. sth. cost sb. some money“某事花费某人一些钱”
4. pay some money for sth.“为某事(物)付钱”
【真题链接1】(2015年襄阳卷) —Its reported that Chinese ______ more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat (微信).
—Its true. But I think WeChat is taking too much of our time.
A. spend B. cost
C. pay D. take
【真题链接2】(2015年福州卷) —It will ______ only about 50 minutes to travel to Mount Wuyi by high-speed railway.
—Wow， how exciting! I cant wait.
A. take B. spend
C. cost
Key： 1～2 AA
巩固练习：
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —______ nice day today!
—Yeah， lets take a walk outside.
A. What a B. What
C. How D. How a
2. —Look! This sweater is beautiful.
—______?
A. Why not trying it on
B. Why not try on it
C. Why not try it on
D. Why not trying on it
3. —Listen! Someone is playing the piano.
—Wow! ______ beautiful music! I like it very much.
A. What B. How a
C. What a D. How
4. It seemed only a few minutes ______ the boy finished washing his face.
A. when B. till
C. after D. before
5. It is careless ______ the same mistake in your composition again.
A. for you to make
B. for you making
C. of you to make
D. of you making
6. It ______ two years ______ he joined the League.
A. was; when B. was; since
C. has been; since D. is; before
7. One more month， ______ these baby birds will fly out of their nest.
A. or B. and
C. but D. otherwise
8. ______ learning English， listening， speaking， reading and writing ______ the four basic skills.
A. In; are B. On; is
C. For; is D. To; are
9. Alice， you must make sure that the children here are well looked after， ______?
A. dont you B. doesnt she
C. will you D. would she
10. ______， the colder the winters are.
A. The more north you go
B. The farther you go the north
C. The more you go north
D. The farther north you go
11. —Do you know? Henry didnt win that speech contest.
—______? I was sure he would. He worked so hard on it.
A. Do I B. Dont I
C. Did he D. Didnt he
12. ______ our earth， or else it will be no longer fit for us to live on.
A. Protected B. To protect
C. Protecting D. Protect
13. ______ the whole passage fast， so that you will get a general idea of it.
A. Reading B. To read
C. Read D. Have read
14. Let us forget the past， ______?
A. dont you B. shall we
C. do we D. will you
15. —Your sister isnt a nurse， is she?
—______. She teaches English in a middle school.
A. No， she isnt
B. Yes， she is
C. Yes， she isnt
D. No， she is
16. There isnt any chicken on the plate， ______?
A. is it B. isnt it
C. isnt there D. is there
17. —I hear Huang Gang made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.
—______， and ______.
A. So he did; so did I
B. So did he; so I did
C. So he was; so was I
D. So was he; so I was
18. —My brother and I will go to the library tomorrow.
—______. Shall we go together?
A. So am I B. So do I
C. So I am D. So will I
19. —______ beautiful day it is! Lets go and have a picnic in the park.
—Good idea!
A. How B. How a
C. What D. What a
20. —Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition.
—______ pleasant surprise this gave her classmates!
A. What B. How
C. What a D. How a
21. —______ beautiful city!
—Yes. Lots of tourists come to visit it every year.
A. How B. What
C. How a D. What a
22. —There are always many volunteers in great events， ______?
—Yes. Many hands make light work!
A. arent there B. are there
C. arent they D. are they
23. ______ good job she does! She is really a clever girl.
A. What B. How
C. What a D. How a
24. —Zhou Weilun could hardly speak English three years ago， ______?
—No， he couldnt. But now he is quite good at it.
A. couldnt he B. could he
C. didnt he D. did he
25. —______ wonderful dictionary it is! Thank you for buying me such a useful present.
—Im glad you like it.
A. What a B. What
C. How a D. How
26. ______ happily the children are flying kites!
A. What B. What a
C. How D. How a
27. Lets search the Internet for some information about famous people， ______?
A. will you B. wont you
C. shall we D. do you
28. —Meat isnt really dangerous， is it?
—Oh! ______! Its not at all good for our health.
A. Yes， it isnt
B. No， it is
C. Yes， it is
D. No， it isnt
29. ______ worried about me， Mom. Ive grown up.
A. Dont B. Dont be
C. Not D. Not be
30. Take a cup of water， ______ you will feel better.
A. or B. but
C. so D. and
31. Mrs. Black doesnt believe her son is able to design a cellphone， ______?
A. doesnt she B. does she
C. is he D. isnt he
32. —Which team do you think will win the game， Houston Rockets or New Jersey Nets?
—I dont know， ______.
A. nor do I careB. nor I care
C. so I care D. so do I care
33. Dont talk loudly while another student is speaking， ______?
A. will you B. wont you
C. do you D. dont you
34. —Lovely day， isnt it?
—Yes， ______
A. you are right.B. isnt it?
C. sure. D. is it?
35. I dont think he did so much homework last night， ______?
A. do I B. did he
C. does he D. can he
36. I dont know if Jack ______. If he ______， call me， please.
A. will come; will come
B. comes; comes
C. comes; will come
D. will come; comes
37. —Lets go to play soccer after class， OK?
—______
A. Not at all.
B. Why not?
C. Never mind.
D. Take it easy.
38. —As a member of bus driver， I am proud of Wu Bin.
—______. He is a hero in my heart.
A. So do I B. So I am
C. So am I D. Neither am I
39. —David has made great progress recently.
—______， and ______.
A. So he has; so you have
B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you
D. So has he; so you have
40. —Tom， Im watching a football match.What about you?
—______.
A. So do I B. So am I
C. So I do D. So I am
41. Im interested in animals， so I ______ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay B. get
C. take D. spend
42. Dont smoke in the meeting room， ______?
A. do you B. will you
C. can you D. could you
43. —Lets go and fly kites， ______?
—Wonderful.
A. will you B. shall we
C. dont you D. do you
44. —Cathy is reading an English magazine now， isnt she?
—______. She is busy cleaning the house.
A. No， she is
B. Yes， she isnt
C. Yes， she is
D. No， she isnt
45. The science book ______ me a great amount of money.
A. took B. cost
C. used D. spent
46. I am sorry because I am afraid it will be some time ______ we know the full results.
A. when B. while
C. before D. since
47. —Jim should have been informed of the wedding place.
—______， but he simply forgot about it.
A. So he had B. So had he
C. So was he D. So he was
48. Its said that the power plant is now ______ large as what it was.
A. twice as B. as twice
C. twice much D. much twice
49. —How can I apply for an online course?
—Just fill out this form and we ______ what we can do for you.
A. see B. are seeing
C. have seen D. will see
50. ______ down the radio—the babys asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. Turn
C. Turned D. To turn
51. He said that he wouldnt leave for Shanghai the next week， ______?
A. didnt he B. did he
C. wouldnt he D. would he
52. I think Kate liked singing at that time， ______?
A. dont I B. do I
C. didnt she D. did she
Key：
1～5 ACADC 6～10 CBACD
11～15 DDCDA 16～20 DADDC
21～25 DACBA 26～30 CCCBD
31～35 BAABB 36～40 DBCBB
41～45 DBBDB 46～50 CDADB
文言特殊句式，一般指的是文言文中不同于现代汉语表达习惯的某些特殊的句式。主要有：判断句，被动句，省略句和倒装句等。下边我们根据所学文言文，举例加以说明：
一、判断句：
文言文中也有用判断词“是”（或“非”）来构造判断句的现象，比如：
问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。（《桃花源记》）
非我也，兵也。（《寡人之于国也》）
句中“是”“非”，和现代汉语判断词“是”“非”同义。但是，这种用法不大常见。文言文往往用别的词或结构方式来表示判断。
（一）用其他判断词表示判断
例如：
此则寡人之罪也。（《勾践灭吴》）
翻译：这是我的罪过啊。
句中“则”译为“是”，即相当于现代汉语中的判断词。
此外还有：“即”“乃”“皆”“本”“诚”“亦”“素”“非”等等，例句：
①今天子有急，此乃臣效命之秋也。
②此诚危急存亡之秋也。
③梁将即楚将项燕。
④臣本布衣。
⑤且相如素贱人。
⑥鱼，我所欲也，熊掌亦我所欲也。
（二）采用“„„者，„„也”的方式构造判断句
例如：
廉颇者，赵之良将也。（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）
译为：廉颇，是赵国的优秀的将领。
妻之美我者，私我也。
译为：妻子认为我美的原因，是私爱我。
句中判断词“是”的意思，是由“„„者，„„也”结构表示出来的。当然，这个结构不是固定不变的，具体言语中，其结构变化十分灵活。比如：
1．用“„„，„„者也”表判断
莲，花之君子者也。（《爱莲说》）
2．用“„„者，„„”表判断
四人者，庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父，余弟安国平父，安上纯父。（《游褒禅山记》）
3．用“„„，„„也”表判断
城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。
译为：城北徐公是齐国的美丽的人。（注意，本句句末的“者”是“的人”的意思，不是结构助词。）
项脊轩，旧南阁子也。（《项脊轩志》）
4．用“„„，„„”表判断
刘备，天下枭雄。（《赤壁之战》）
二、被动句
所谓被动，是指主语与谓语之间的关系是被动关系，也就是说，主语是谓语动词所表示的行为的被动者、受事者，而不是主动者、实施者。这样的句子，称为被动句。
现代汉语中常用“被”表示被动关系，文言文中也有，但很少。比如：
忠而被谤，能无怨乎？
译为：忠心却被别人诽谤，能不怨恨吗？
在文言文中，被动句往往用“„„为„„所”和“„„见„„于”及其相应的变式结构来表示。例如：
（一）“„„为„„所”
1．“„„为„„所”
（巨）偏在远郡，行将为人所并。（《赤壁之战》）
2．“„„为„„”
身死人手，为天下笑者。（《过秦论》）
3．“„„为所„„”
不者，若属皆且为所虏。（《鸿门宴》）
（二）“„„见„„于”
1．“„„见„„于”
臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵。（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）
吾长见笑于大方之家。（《秋水》）
2．“„„见„„”
欲予秦，秦城恐不可得，徒见欺。（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）
3．“„„于„„”
吾不能举全吴之地，十万之众，受制于人。（《赤壁之战》）
（三）省略被动标志的被动句
例如：
王之蔽，甚矣。（邹忌讽齐王纳谏》）
译为：大王您被蒙蔽，很严重啊。
荆州之民附操者，逼兵势耳。（《赤壁之战》）
译为：荆州的百姓归附于曹操，是被兵势所逼迫。
三、省略句
（1）主语的省略
旦日，客从外来，（邹忌）与坐谈，（邹忌）问之客曰„„（《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》）
永州之野产异蛇，（蛇）黑质而白章„„（《捕蛇者说》）
（2）谓语的省略
夫战，勇气也。一鼓作气，再（鼓）而衰，三（鼓）而竭„„（《曹刿论战》）
（3）动词宾语的省略
以相如功大，拜（之，指蔺相如）为上卿。（《廉颇蔺相如列传》）
（4）介词宾语的省略
此人一一为（之）具言所闻。（《桃花源记》）
（5）介词的省略
将军战（于）河北，臣战（于）河南。（《鸿门宴》）
四、倒装句
文言文句中，某些句子语序与现代汉语不同，我们称之为倒装句。其倒装现象主要有：主谓倒装、宾语前置、定语后置、状语后置等。
（一）主谓倒装
为了强调谓语，有时将谓语置于主语之前。这仅仅是因为语言表达的需要。例如：
甚矣，汝之不惠！（《愚公移山》）
嘻！晏子之家若是其贫也！（《晏子春秋》）
（二）宾语前置
在现代汉语中，宾语往往位于谓语后边，作为谓语的施动对象。而在文言文中，于某些条件下，宾语往往提到谓语之前，呈现宾语前置现象。这样的特殊情况一般有两种：
1．否定句中的宾语前置现象
否定句中，当谓语部分被否定副词修饰时，该谓语所带宾语一般会前置。例如：
三岁贯汝，莫我肯顾。（《硕鼠》）
“莫我肯顾”应理解成“莫肯顾我”。
这样的否定副词一般有：“不”、“未”“毋”、“无”、“莫”等。
再如：
古之人不余欺也。（不欺余）（苏轼《石钟山记》）。
2．疑问句中代词宾语前置现象
文言文疑问句中，当使用疑问代词做谓语动词（或介词）的宾语时，该宾语往往要放在谓语动词（或介词）的前面。例如：
良问曰：“大王来何操？”（《鸿门宴》）
“何操”应理解为“操何”，意为“带了什么东西”。
在现代汉语中，介词后面跟着宾语，组成介宾结构，用来修饰动词谓语。在文言文中，介词宾语往往置与介词之前，形成一种倒置的现象。例如：
噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？（《岳阳楼记》）
“谁与归”应理解为“与谁归”，意为“和谁同道”。
这样的疑问代词一般有：“谁”、“何”、“奚”、“曷”、“胡”、“恶”、“安”、“焉”等。再如：
沛公安在？（《鸿门宴》）
此外，还有一些比较固定的“宾语前置”的表达结构。比如：
唯余马首是瞻（《冯婉贞》）
闻道百，以为莫己若者，我之谓也。（《庄子·秋水》）
句读之不知，惑之不解。（韩愈削币说》）
（三）定语后置
定语在句中一般起修饰限定名词性中心词的作用。文言文中的定语经常会后置到中心词后边，成为定语后置现象。例如：
石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也。（苏轼《石钟山记》）
译为：铿然有声的石头，到处都这样啊。“铿然有声”本做“石”之定语，后置到了中心词“石”之后。
再如：
蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强。（《劝学》）
（四）状语后置
现代汉语中状语置于谓语之前，若置于谓语之后便是补语。但在文言文中，处于补语的成分往往要以状语来理解，因此，出现后置状语的现象。例如：
将军战河北，臣战河南。（《鸿门宴》）
译为：将军在河北作战，我在河南作战。“战河南”应理解为“于河南战”，介宾短语“于河南”作状语，后置到了动词中心语“战”的后边。
再如：
青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝。（荀子《劝学》）
综观近年来各地的中考试卷，文言文阅读题的考查重点集中在以下几个方面：正确断句；理解常用实词和虚词的语境义；理解和翻译句子；理解作品所蕴含的思想内容和作者的情感；了解作品的主要艺术特色和表达技巧；能结合作品内容进行评价，谈出感受；借助注释阅读理解浅易课外文言文。
虽然中考对文言文的特殊句式和固定句式不作直接的考查，但了解和掌握古代汉语中有别于现代汉语的一些特殊句式和固定句式，无疑会有助于我们正确断句，有助于我们正确理解和翻译句子。下面是以人教版教材为主，对古文中出现的部分特殊句式和固定句式所作的整理和归纳。
特殊句式
初中古文中的特殊句式主要有判断句、省略句、宾语前置句、被动句、介词结构后置句、定语后置句、主谓倒装句等，下面试举例说明。
1.判断句
古文中常见的判断句句式主要有以下几种：
（1）“……者，……也”
如：“陈涉者，阳城人也。”（《史记·陈涉世家》）
（2） “……者，……”
如：“同游者：吴武陵，龚古，余弟宗玄。”（《小石潭记》）
（3） “……，……也”
如：“夫战，勇气也。”（《曹刿论战》）
（4） “……，……者也”
如：“牡丹，花之富贵者也；莲，花之君子者也。”（《爱莲说》）
（5）“……为……”
如：“中峨冠而多髯者为东坡”（《核舟记》）
（6）用“乃、则、皆、诚、本、是、即”等词表示肯定判断。
如：“当立者乃公子扶苏”（《陈涉世家》）；“此则岳阳楼之大观也”（《岳阳楼记》）；“环滁皆山也” （《醉翁亭记》）；“此诚危急存亡之秋也”、 “臣本布衣”（《前出师表》）；“不知木兰是女郎”（《木兰诗》）；“（道韫）即公大兄无奕女，左将军王凝之妻也”（《世说新语·咏雪》）。
（7）无标志的判断句。
如：“此悉贞良死节之臣。”（《出师表》）
2.省略句
古汉语中省略的现象相对较多，在现代汉语中有些不能省略的成分，在古汉语中可以省略。常见的省略现象有：
（1）省略主语。
如：“过中（友）不至，太丘舍去。（太丘）去后（友）乃至。”（《山市》）
（2）省略谓语。
如：“一鼓作气，再（鼓）而衰，三（鼓）而竭。” （《曹刿论战》）
（3）省略宾语。
介词“以、与、为”的宾语“之”往往承上文
省略。
如：“元方入门，不顾（之）。”（《陈太丘与友期行》）“宅边有五柳树，因以（之）为号焉。”（《五柳先生传》）
（4）省略兼语。
“使、令”等动词所带宾语常常作后边一个谓语词组的主语，这个词就叫做兼语。古汉语中兼语大多是代词“之”，且常常省略。
如：“不使（之）学”“令（之）作诗，不能称前时之闻。”（《伤仲永》）
（5）省略介词。
介词“于”常常省略。如：“孙公子禹年与同人饮（于）楼上” （《山市》）；“口技人坐（于）屏障中”（《口技》）；“河、渭不足，北饮（于）大泽中”。（《夸父逐日》）
（6）省略分数中的“分之”。
如：“近塞之人，死者十九。”（《塞翁失马》）
3.宾语前置句
（1）否定句中代词作宾语前置。
如：“手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。”（《送东阳马生序》）
（2）疑问句中疑问代词如“谁、何、安、焉”等作宾语前置。
如：“微斯人，吾谁与归？”（《岳阳楼记》）“何以战？”（《曹刿论战》）“君谓计将安出？”（《隆中对》）
（3）用“之”把宾语提前，以突出强调语气。
如：“何陋之有？”（《陋室铭》）“宋何罪之有？”（《公输》）
（4）有时为了强调介词“以”的宾语，也把它提前。
如：“是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。”“是以众议举宠为督。”（《出师表》）
4.主谓倒装句
如：“甚矣，汝之不惠！”（《愚公移山》）
实战演练：
阅读下面文言语段，完成文后练习。
邹忌修八尺有余，而形貌昳丽。朝服衣冠，窥镜，谓其妻曰：“我孰与城北徐公美？”其妻曰：“君美甚，徐公何能及君也？”城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。忌不自信，而复问其妾曰：“吾孰与徐公美？”妾曰：“徐公何能及君也？”旦曰，客从外来，与坐谈，问之：“吾与徐公孰美？”客曰：“徐公不若君之美也。”明日，徐公来，孰视之，自以为不如；窥镜而自视，又弗如远甚。暮寝而思之，曰：“吾妻之美我者，私我也；妾之美我者，畏我也；客之美我者，欲有求于我也。”
（1） 找出文中的判断句和宾语前置句各一句。
（2） 翻译文中划线的句子。
参考答案：
（1）判断句是：城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。 宾语前置句是：忌不自信。
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