大学英语精读4课后汉译英

大学英语精读4课后汉译英（共6篇）

大学英语精读4课后汉译英篇1

We were informed that the Minister of Finance was to meet us the next day.2.我觉得很奇怪，他似乎不记得自己的生日。

I thought it odd that he didn’t seem to remember his own birthday.3.学期论文最迟应在下星期二交来，可是大部分学生却至今几无进展。

Next Tuesday is the deadline for handing in the term papers, but most students have hardly made a dent in the work so far.4.看到学生人数不断减少，校长心里很难受。

It pained the headmaster to find the number of students shrinking.5.在那个国家一般用现金付账，但支票变得普通起来了，不久会代替现金作为人们结账的一种方式。Cash is commonly used in paying bills in that country, but checks are becoming more popular and will, in a short while, replace cash as a way for people to settle their accounts.6.该公司声称，这条河流的污染不是它造成的。

the company claims that it is not responsible for the pollution in river.unit2 1.比尔已是个成熟的小伙子，不再依赖父母替他作主。

Bill is a mature young man who is no longer dependent on his parents for decisions.2.这个地区有大量肉类供应，但新鲜果蔬奇缺。

There are abundant supplies of meat in this region, but fresh fruit and vegetables are scarce.3.工程师们依靠工人们的智慧，发明了一种新的生产方法，使生产率得以提高。

Drawing on the wisdom of the workers, the engineers invented a new production method that led to increased productivity.4.他花了许多时间准备数学考试，因此当他获知自己只得了个B时感到有点失望。

He spent a lot of time preparing for his math exam.Hence he was somewhat disappointed to learn that he got only a B.5.我们有充裕的时间从从容容吃顿午饭。

We have ample time for a leisurely lunch.6.地方政府不得不动用储备粮并采取其他紧急措施，以便渡过粮食危机。

The local government had to draw on its grain reserves and take other emergency measures so as to pull through the food crisis.unit3 1.萧伯纳在他一个剧本的前言中提出这样的看法：今天人们比在中世纪时更加迷信。

In the preface to one of his plays, Bernard Shaw advances the idea that people are more superstitious today than they were in the Middle Ages.2.丈夫死后，她只好独自挑起抚养五个孩子的经济重担。

After her husband died, she had to bear the severe financial burden of raising five children by herself.3.证明或驳斥某个观点的最好办法之一是从亲身经历中举出例子。

One of the test ways to prove or refute a point is to cite examples from your own experience.4.亨特说贝蒂老是夸大他的缺点，这话很可能会引起一场争吵。

Hunt’s statement that Betty always exaggerates his faults may well lead to a quarrel.5.科学家发现产生日全蚀这一现象的原因之前，每当黑暗在大白天降临时人们就怕得要命。

Before scientists discovered the cause of the total eclipse of the sun, people were extremely frightened when darkness fell in the middle of the day.6.一家人聚拢来讨论经济问题时，父亲一开头就说，每月存点钱是绝对必要的，遇到紧急情况，我们可以依靠积蓄。

When the family gathered to discuss matters of finance, Father started off by saying that it was absolutely necessary to set aside some money each month, for in an emergency we could fall back on our savings.unit4 1.这几个省的强队在会上一致宣布他们将参加下一届全国足球赛。

The strong teams from these provinces declared unanimously at the meeting that they would take part in the next national football matches.2.乔治因踢了对方球员企图使他丧失比赛能力而受到重惩。

George was severely punished for kicking an opponent in an attempt to put him out of action.3.药物学家们做了一系列实验来试验这种治癌新药；听说过此事的医生正急切地等着结果。

The pharmacologists have carried out a series of experiments to test the new medicine for cancer, and doctors who have heard of this are anxiously awaiting their result.4.那位业余歌手在歌吟比赛中击败了众多的职业歌手，真令人难以置信。

It is incredible that the amateur singer could have beaten the large number of professionals at the singing contest.5.我在打猎归家途中，看到史密斯先生和他的孩子们正使劲把汽车推出烂泥地，就赶紧走过去帮助他们。On my way home from hunting, I found Mr.Smith and his children straining to get their car out the mud and went immediately to help them.6.市领导为国家赢得荣誉的运动员举行了宴会，其中有一名来自我县的杰出田径运动选手。

The city leaders held a banquet in honor of the sportsmen who had won glory for our nation, and among them was the outstanding track-and-field athlete from our county.unit5 1.我确信这项所谓明智的决定，与期望相反，会带来极其严重的后果。

I am convinced that, contrary to expectations, the so-called informed decision will bring very grave consequences.2.诚然，他曾欺骗你，但他已经承认自己做错了，并道了歉。所以你不应该老是以怀疑的态度对待他。It’s true he once deceived you, but he has admitted he has done wrong and apologized.So you shouldn’t always treat him with suspicion.3.他在这个问题公开进行讨论之前就已表明了自己的立场。He had taken a stand on the issue before it was openly debated.4.在调查过程中，他们发现了种种形式的政治腐败，并揭露了许多贪官污吏

In the course of their investigation, they discovered various forms of political corruption and exposed a number of corrupt officials.5.玛丽的两难处境是：把真相告诉老板从而失信于她的同事，还是让老板蒙在鼓里从而辜负他的信任。Mary’s dilemma was whether to betray her colleagues by telling her boss the truth or to betray his trust by keeping him in the dark about it.6.首先，是什么使你认为这项规划会促进改革？其次，你怎么知道这些改革会让全县得到好处？ Now, in the first place, what has made you think this program will promote reforms, and in the second, how do you know these reforms will benefit the whole county?

unit6 1.从书中吸取知识的最有效办法之一，是在页边空白处作有见地的笔记。

One of the most effective means of absorbing knowledge from a book is to make intelligent notes in the margins.2.热天很难保藏食品，使之保持新鲜与食用安全。很自然，很多人觉得在夏季还是不上饭店为好。In hot weather it is rather difficult to preserve food and keep it fresh and safe to eat.Naturally, many people prefer not to eat in restaurants during the summer months.3.阅读时在作者强调的论点底下划线，对我们会有所裨益。

It will do us good to underline the points that the author emphasizes in his book.4.经过好几天侦察，警方终于弄清这起谋杀案和新近发生的越狱事件有关。

After days of inquiry the police finally tied up the murder with the case of the recent escape from prison.5.我想劝说他们采纳我们的计划，首先因为这一计划所需资金较少，其次，不会造成环境污染。I want to persuade them to adopt our plan, because, in the first place, it calls for less funds and, in the second place, it will not cause environmental pollution.6.父亲用绳子把芹菜（celery）扎在一起，放在河里浸了浸，然后拿到菜场去卖。

Father bound the celery together with a rope and dipped it in the river for a while before he took it to the market for sale.unit 7 1.法庭的判决引起史密斯先生的朋友们的气愤，他们相信他是无辜的。

arouse anger / innocent

The court’s judgment aroused anger among Mr.Smith’s friends, who believed that he was innocent.2.当我们经过那家价格昂贵的餐馆时，父亲催我们快走，他说在这样高档的地方用餐是大大超过我们的经济能力的。

hurry sb along / a fancy place / well beyond our means

As we passed the expensive restaurant, father hurried us along saying that it was well beyond our means to have dinner at such a fancy place.3.老师在评价一篇文章并给它打分时，可能是根据总的印象而不是根据仔细的分析。

evaluate / grade / on the basis of / general impression / rather than / detailed analysis

A teacher may evaluate and grade an essay on the basis of his general impression rather than on a

detailed analysis.4.小狗将我的一张画搞坏了，我真想对它发火，可它那十分可爱的样子使我不禁笑着把它从地上抱了起来。

ruin / be inclined to / get angry at / could not help

I was inclined to get angry at the puppy for ruining my painting but he was so cute that I could not help but laugh and pick him up.5.如今人们理所当然地认为家里总是有自来水的，然而就在不久前，几乎人人都是从井里或小溪里向家里提水。

nowadays / take it for granted that

Nowadays people take it for granted that their homes have running water, but only a short time ago almost everyone had to carry water from a well or a stream to their home.6.安东尼彻夜未眠，因为他对于是否得插手此事举棋不定。

stay up all night / take a hand in / can not make up one’s mind

Anthony stayed up all night because he just could not make up his mind whether or not to take a hand in the matter.unit 8 1.上个周末，我们开车外出度假，希望避开城市的喧嚣和污染，可是汽车途中抛锚我们只好乘出租车回家。

get away from / break down

Last weekend we drove out on vacation hoping to get away from the noise and pollution of the city, but the car broke down on the way and we had to return home by taxi.2.请你注意并非所有的学生都愿意出席毕业典礼，所以学校才要求凡是想领取毕业证书的毕业生都得出席。

mind you / the graduation ceremony / require(从句谓语要用虚拟语气)/ graduating students

Not all of the students, mind you, are willing to attend the graduation ceremony so the school has to require that all graduating students attend the ceremony if they want to receive a diploma.3.对于妇女在社会中的地位问题，我们的许多看法来自封建时代，与今天的社会是格格不入的。

the role of women in society / derive from / be not relevant

Many of the ideas we have about the role of women in society are derived from feudal times and are not relevant in today’s society.4.如今人们的流动性比以往任何时候都大，这也许就是为什么移动电话十分普及的原因。

mobile / than ever before / mobile phones

People today are more mobile than ever before;perhaps this is why mobile phones have become so common.5.几乎每个孩子都曾梦想去太空旅游，体会一下在失重环境下生活是什么样子。

virtually / dream of / experience / in a gravity-free environment

Virtually every child has dreamed of traveling in space and experiencing what it would be like to live in a gravity-free environment.6.我们学校鼓励学生独立思考，不要受老师观点的束缚。

do independent thinking / restrict

Students of our school are encouraged to do independent thinking and not to be restricted by the teacher’s point of view.unit 9 1.任何一个国家，如打算为它的年轻一代提供一个可靠的未来，就应把环境保护放在优先地位。

the younger generation / a secure future / environmental protection / give priority

Environmental protection should be given priority for any country that plans to provide a secure future for the younger generation.2.与宁静而和平的乡村生活相比，城市生活既闹又吵。

compare with / quiet and peaceful / rural life / hectic and noisy

Life in the cities is hectic and noisy compared with rural life which is quiet and peaceful.3.在许多国家，学校要求学生每天早晨上课前向国旗宣誓效忠。

require / the flag of one’s country / pledge loyalty to…

In many countries schools require students to pledge loyalty to the flag of their country before beginning class every morning.4.干旱对环境的影响比水灾对环境的影响更具破坏力，因为干旱持续的时间更长。

the impact of a drought on the environment / be more destructive / last for a longer period of time

The impact of a drought on the environment can be more destructive than that of a flood because it lasts for a longer period of time.5.洪水退走后，士兵们到村里帮助把水排出田里，以便及时重新种上庄稼。

recede / drain the water out of the fields / replant

When the flood receded, the soldiers came to the villages to help drain the water out of the fields so that crops could be replanted in time.6.有一个时候，每个人起码都认识几个邻居，可如今人们似乎太忙，无暇相互接触。

at one time / at least / stay in touch with one another

At one time everyone at least knew some of their neighbors, but today it seems that people are too busy to have time to stay in touch with one another.unit 10 1.退休的人如果找不到什么事情可做，常会意志消沉。

retired people / be depressed

Retired people are often depressed if they can’t find something to do.2.为了帮我们准备好参加辩论，教练要我们经常注意与我们自己的论点相悖的论点。

be aware of / arguments / reverse

To prepare us for the debate, the coach wanted us to be always aware of the arguments that are quite the reverse of ours.3.在工作日全家都忙着干活，但一到周末他们喜欢坐进汽车开到附近乡下兜风。

on weekdays / be busy working / drive around the nearby countryside

On weekdays the whole family were busy working, but when the weekend came they loved to get in the car and drive around the nearby countryside.4.医生往往为自己能够医治好病人罕见的疾病而自豪。

prides oneself on / cure / a rare disease

A doctor often prides himself on the ability to cure his patient of a rare disease.5.如果不按时将书归还图书馆或到期前不续借，就得按规定罚款。

not renewed before they are due / in accordance with regulations / pay a fine

If books are not returned to the library on time or not renewed before they are due, a fine must be

paid in accordance with regulations.6.总的说，很少有人不抱怨自己的工作的，然而一旦他们不能工作了他们又会不高兴。

on the whole / complain about

大学英语精读4课后汉译英篇2

2013年12月国家教委考试中心对CET-4翻译进行改革:原单句汉译英题目调整为段落汉译英题目, 分值由原来占总分值的10%增加到了现在的15%。四级翻译段落有140-160个汉字。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等方面。这一题型摒弃到原先纯粹的单句翻译考核, 将单句的汉译英调整为段落的汉译英, 凸显了段落层面的翻译考核, 对学生翻译技巧的考核比以前更加全面;同时旨在增强学生的篇章翻译能力, 着眼于大学生未来所具备的对外宣传与传播中国文化和中国发展动态的能力的培养。因此, 本文就段落汉译英的过程中常见问题进行剖析, 阐述相应的教学对策, 帮助大学生提升翻译质量, 提高大学英语四、六级考试成绩, 同时也能为同行提供大学翻译教学的借鉴。

二、段落汉译英中的常见问题

笔者的教学对象是2012级和2014级山东省某应用技术型大学的非英语专业学生, 高考英语平均分在90分以上。2014年3月到6月, 2015年8月到12月期间, 为了备考四、六级考试, 提升学生的汉译英能力, 笔者在大学英语课堂教学中穿插了汉译英段落的翻译实践, 选取了十六篇CET-4考试真题和模拟题做汉译英段落练习。笔者认真分析学生的译文, 总结出学生们常犯错误如下:

1.逗号与句号不分。学生们常常使用逗号来切分英语句子, 将英语句子中的句号用法等同于汉语中的逗号。

例1:豆腐起源于中国, 已有两千一百多年的历史。相传是淮南王刘安发明的。学生的译文1:Tofu originated in China, has a history of over 2, 100 years. It was said that the King of Huainan Liu An ’s invented it.

学生的译文2:Tofu originated in the China, it already have two thousand one hundred years of history. It was said that king of Huai Nan invented it.

参考译文:Tofu or bean curd originated in ancient China some2, 100 years ago. Chinse legend ascribes its invention to prince Liu An of Huainan.

解析:学生缺乏英语和汉语逗号的区别意识, 是按照汉语的标点来切分英文的标点的、来切分主要的句子成分, 尤其是并列句中, 前后简单句中往往是使用了逗号而忘记写上并列连词。

2.词汇问题。学生们想出了切合汉语意义的英语句子, 但是对于英语句子中充当各个成分的单词的词性把握不准确, 往往出现动词原形充当主语, 谓语动词形式不正确的错误。这是由于学生在学习英语过程中对于单词的词性变化记忆不清或者英语词法运用把握不准确造成的。

例2:人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。

学生的译文:People often beautiful their homes with paper cuttings.

订正的译文:People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings.

解析:beautiful只能用作形容词, 本句中应该是谓语动词形式beautify;

3.句法问题。学生以为按照汉语的语序找到恰当的英语单词的对应词逐一写出来就是正确的译文了。段落翻译练笔中出现了大量的中式英语病句。

例3:豆腐是高钙、低脂肪、低卡路里并富含铁的绿色健康食品。

学生的译文: Tofu is a high calcium, lower-fat, low calorie and has rich iron green healthy food.

订正后的译文: Tofu is a healthy food which contains a low amount of calories, relatively large amount of calcium and iron, and little fat.

解析: 学生句法知识欠缺, 完全是按照汉语的语序来逐一翻译成英文的, 自己翻译时就忘记了英语和汉语语序和句子特点的差异。

4.语篇问题。语篇是指有独立的语用意义和交际意义的语言单位, 可为洋洋大篇, 也可为单个词或词组。篇章的连贯和衔接是语篇成篇的保证。语篇翻译不能仅停留在词对词、句对句的层面上而是要从全篇着眼, 做到主题突出, 前后意义连贯, 上下文衔接过渡自然, 从而传达出原文信息, 表现出原文精神。根据学生的翻译练笔, 笔者看出学生普遍缺乏语篇意识, 完成汉译英段落过程中没有综合考虑到英语译文上下文的衔接、替代、指代等语篇衔接手法。

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济, 并经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划, 其实包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前, 中国是世界上最大的出口国之一, 并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时, 它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年, 中国超越日本成为第二大经济体。

学生译文:1. China is one of the most ancient civilizations in the world. 2. Many factors which are made of a basic of modern world come from China. 3. Nowadays, China has the fast growing economy in the world, experiencing a new industrial revolution. 4. China starts ambitious space exploration program, including building a space station in 2020. 5. Now, China is one of the largest exporting country, attracting lots of foreign investment. 6. At moment, it has invested about billions of dollars in overseas.7. In 2011, China surpassed Japan, to become the world’s largest economy.

参考译文:1. China is one of the world's oldest civilizations.2. Many elements which formed the basis of the modern world originated from China. 3. Now, China has the world's fastest growing economy, experiencing a new industrial revolution. 4. It also has launched an ambitious space exploration plan, including to build a space station by 2020. 5. At present, China is one of the world's largest exporter, and is attracting a large number of foreign investment. 6. At the same time, it also has invested billions of dollars abroad. 7. In 2011, China overtook Japan and became the second largest economy.

解析:学生译文中缺乏语篇内连贯与衔接的意识, 仅是考虑到了每句如何翻译。最明显的不足就是本段中有七句译文, 学生没有根据上下文使用it来替代除第一句外的其它各句中的China。还有就是使用now而不会用at present来替代表示“目前”的意思。

三、原因分析

造成学生译文中频繁出现以上问题是由于学生缺乏英汉对比分析意识和语篇翻译意识造成的。现代语言学家指出, 英汉对比分析可以揭示英语与汉语的基本特征和差异 (此类划分和句法成分的对应关系) , 指导学生掌握此类翻译技巧, 在英汉翻译中克服干扰, 就能提高翻译水平。英汉对比首先是体现在英汉词类差异, 其次是句法差异。英语中词类划分界限分明, 形态不一, 与句法成分是对应关系;而汉语中各个词类是组成关系, 没有形态上的差异, 也没有跟句子成分一一对应关系。Cet-4段落翻译中的段落就是语篇, 即“在交际功能上相对完整和独立的一个语言片段” (李运兴, 1998/:1) , 它往往围绕一个中心, 紧扣主题, 构成一个结构完整, 语义连贯的有机整体。语篇翻译观要求翻译时无论是词义确立, 还是句型选择, 都要选择最能表达原文意义的词、句型结构, 生成前后连贯衔接的语篇材料。语篇翻译意识可以使学生利用语篇所提供的上下文, 正确理解原文中词、句的意义, 选择恰当的目的语表达出来, 同时能注意到句与句之间的呼应、衔接、连贯。

还有一个重要的客观原因就是:目前的大学英语翻译教学因为是没有专门的课时, 都是穿插在英语课文和课后题的讲解过程中进行的;往往采用灌输式的传统做法, 把所谓的参考答案作为唯一标注讲授给学生, 简明扼要提示学生们翻译过程中会出现的几种问题后就转入其他的教学内容。这样严重制约了学生翻译的积极性。即使教师指出一些诸如标点符合和词性混淆的问题, 学生们也未必能彻底改正。因此, 大学英语翻译教学要在目前有限的课堂教学时间内做出突破性的改革, 就要充分利用学生的课下时间和QQ群的即时交流工具实现翻译教学内容的延展, 这样既不会多占用宝贵的大学英语课堂教学时间, 又能提高课堂教学效率。

四、相应的教学对策

大学英语教学中各个技能的培养是相互促进的, 因此在读写课程的教学中要重视课文句子教学中的英汉对比分析和语篇分析, 从词类转换到文章段落内部的衔接、连贯、替代的手法都要逐一引导学生学会分析, 促进学生汉英对比能力和语篇分析能力的提高, 进而提高学生的翻译能力。鉴于大学英语翻译教学课时有限, 可以采用新模式来实现教师对于学生汉译英翻译的有效指导。具体做法如下:

1 . 课下学习任务的落实是课堂教学顺利开展的有力支撑。大学课下自主学习是大学生必备的自学技能, 是开展高校课堂的前提和必要条件。这些课下学习既可以是提前预习, 合理前跑, 也是课堂所学的内化和课后复习。

具体做法是:为了在课堂教学中高效率地完成翻译练笔的教学任务, 师生要充分利用课前课后的时间, 为每周一次的翻译练笔点评做好充分的准备。教师要提前一周将汉语的段落翻译公布在毕博教学平台或者班级的QQ群里, 并要及时督促抽查学生的准备进度。教师要在第一次课时就将全班学生分组、指定组长后指导大家如何利用毕博平台、QQ讨论组 (每组组建一个讨论组, 并把老师添加其中) 的强大功能, 每组确定每周网上讨论时间, 定时就每周布置的翻译段落进行组员间的自主讨论, 开展合作学习, 共同完成译文。教师要及时查看学生们的讨论留言或聊天记录, 发现汉译英中暴露出的典型错误和问题, 并要求每组上交集体合成的译文, 在课堂教学中进行针对性点评, 逐一分析翻译不当之处, 并给出改进的建议。这样的课下在线讨论刚开始时主要是相互检查核对标点和词性运用;随着练笔次数增加和小组组员考核办法的推行, 组员间的交流更加频繁, 形成了自主讨论、合作学习的局面。

促进学生积极参与小组在线讨论的关键点有三个: (1) 教师要提前公布汉译英段落翻译的评分标准, 并以文字稿形式结合学生以往所犯的典型错误给出详细的解释, 帮助学生正确把握评分标准; (2) 由于笔者所在学校的大学英语实行分层教学, 同一个班级的同学来自不同专业, 所以分组时就要兼顾到组员间能在线讨论的统一时间;创建讨论组时要把老师加入; (3) 每位同学一定要规定时间前将作业发布到谈论组; (4) 教师根据每组学生的译文和发言来指定写出译后记的学生, 要求重点写出自己每句译文所采用的选词用句的思路, 便于讲评完译文后跟各位同学分享;教师要及时运用QQ群发布通知, 让学生在课堂点评前要思考翻译中遇到的难点句子; (5) 组员成绩的评定实行过程性评价, 进行师生评价、小组间交叉评价;可以将其他组的组长加入讨论组或者查看讨论组聊天记录, 进行逐一打分。

2 . 课堂教学重点突出学生译文中的错误分析和问题解决。课堂教学是有效指导学生提高翻译能力的主阵地。课堂教学中的重点内容就要着重突出:阅读教学中就要中体现出英汉对比分析和语篇分析技巧的培养。同时还要做到:

(1) 明确优秀译文的标准, 明辨出英汉两种语言的差异, 杜绝标点符号和词性拼写错误。学生在第一次课后就表现出明显的英语逗号与句号混淆的错误, 即习惯上用逗号来代替句号或者是在英语主干结构中使用逗号来分隔主句和从句却没有连词出现。学生在翻译练笔中常犯的逗号和句号不分主要是缺乏英语中逗号的语法认识。学生词性使用混淆的原因主要是记忆不准确和英汉双语语中词法意识淡薄。因此教师在第一次分析汉译英段落翻译的评分标准时, 就要结合学生习作中的标点和词性使用问题进行强调, 并制定相应的扣分制度, 指导各个小组利用QQ交流工具进行小组互评和网络互评中, 首先要对译文中逗号和句号的使用进行最初也是最彻底的核查, 以同伴互评的方式规范学生英语译文中的标点和词性结构使用。同伴指导和监督更有利于学生从译文初稿中就规避这样小错误的发生。

(2) 英汉对比分析培养正确的语篇分析意识, 撰写译后感提升句式运用水平。语篇的高度来确定句式和运用正确的句式。吕叔湘先生 (2005:2) 在其《中国人学英语》修订版序中就曾专门谈到中国学生在学习英语中应用比较方法的必要性:“我相信, 对于中国学生最有用的帮助是让他认识英语和汉语的差别, 在每一个具体问题—词形、词义、语法范畴、句子结构, 能尽可能用汉语的情况来跟英语作比较, 让他通过这种比较得到更深刻的领会。”通过平时读写课文中字词句段的结构分析, 使用发现法、比较法引导学生发现英语和汉语语序、主从复合句的结构差异, 结合课文内容讲解翻译技巧和翻译实践, 逐步促进学生英汉对比意识的增强和熟练掌握。

教师在分析读写课文时的就要注重强调每个段落的内部结构, 带领学生分析英语语篇内的衔接、连贯、替代和省略等手段, 提升学生的语篇分析意识。就是要帮助学生树立系统的语篇观, 培养学生的语篇意识, 训练学生从语篇层次把握原文和理解原文。在汉译英的翻译实践中, 教师可以从语篇的衔接和语篇的连贯性两方面培养学生的语篇意识, 让学生学会自觉地运用各种翻译技巧和调整手段, 创作出结构衔接、语义连贯、功能明确的译文语篇, 增强学生的语言实际应用能力。

3.扩展学生的课下学习资源和视野, 培养汉译英的浓厚兴趣。最新的大学英语四级段落翻译的内容是关于中国传统文化和时政热点的, 所有教师就要为学生提供课下学习资源, 帮助他们开阔视野, 学到最新最有实效性的表达法。教师可以给学生推荐的读本是《中国文化概况》 (英文版) , 报纸是《21世纪英文报》, 新东方网站的大学英语四、六级专区, 沪江英语的四、六级专区。每次上课时设定Oral Report环节, 制定学生轮流上讲台做presentation , 将自己上周在所读新闻或者中国传统文化的内容用英语复述出来, 并让发言的学生将重点的词组和表达法写在黑板上, 帮助学生熟悉并记忆实用的词组和表达法。结合平时的汉译英段落内容, 能有效地提高学生学习汉译英的兴趣。

段落汉译英占CET-4考试15%的分数, 而平时大学英语教学中又没有专门的时间讲授翻译技巧和方法, 所以教师要设计得当, 在指导学生充分利用课下时间开展相互学习的基础上, 课堂教学中突出英汉对比分析和语篇分析的讲解和运用, 再辅以课下的阅读资源, 应用技术大学学生的大学英语翻译能力是能稳步提高的。

参考文献

[1]蔡玲燕.大学英语四级考试改革后的汉译英段落翻译教学[J].长春教育学院学报, 2014.6.

[2]胡新.最新四六级题型改革对大学英语教学的启发[J].福建教育学院学报, 2014.7.

[3]李长栓.非文学翻译理论与实践[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 2004.

[4]马会娟, 管兴忠.发展学习者的汉译英能力-以北外本科笔译教学为例[J].中国翻译, 2010, (5) .

[5]于建平.从语言体验观分析汉英翻译的认知能力[J].中国翻译, 2006.11.

大学英语精读4课后汉译英篇3

[关键词]段落翻译；汉译英；题型特点；教学对策

一、引言

2013年12月国家教委考试中心对CET-4翻译进行改革：原单句汉译英题目调整为段落汉译英题目，分值由原来占总分值的10%增加到了现在的15%。这一题型重点考查学生篇章翻译能力。因此，本文依据近两年CET-4段落汉译英的真题，分析了它的结构特点、考查要点、常用的翻译技巧和学生答题中暴露出的问题，探讨相应的教学对策，希望能提高大学英语翻译教学质量，并为同行提供借鉴。

二、段落汉译英题型特点

笔者认真分析了2013年12月后的四级考试真题，总结出这一题型的特点。

1. 内容题材及结构特点

段落内容多为中国传统文化、经济和教育发展，综合性较强。一般是说明文，特点是句式简洁，语法较为简单，时态一般以现在时和一般过去时为主，也有现在完成时和将来时。

2.考点分析

CET-4段落汉译英的考查要点是基本语法结构和固定搭配，涉及到中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展的词汇；重点句型包括存现句、最高级表达法、无主句、对比关系等。

3.常用的语法类型

段落翻译真题考核的语法类型有被动语态、并列句、从句、非谓语动词、时态及特殊句型，而虚拟语气，倒装句等比较复杂的语法涉猎不多。

4.段落汉译英常用到的翻译技巧

仔细分析新东方、沪江英语、王长喜英语、星火英语等各大CET-4真题段落翻译的参考译文，可以发现常用的翻译技巧有：增词、减词、词类转换、语态转换、分译和合译等。

三、学生汉译英翻译过程中常犯的错误

两年来笔者一直搜集并分析学生四级真题的段落翻译练笔，发现他们在翻译过程中常犯的错误包括：选词错误，译文表达不准确；词性错误；逗号和句号标识混乱，较多“中式英语”，缺乏句子间的相互衔接和连贯。造成学生译文中诸多问题的主要原因是学生缺乏英汉对比分析和语篇翻译意识。

四、大学英语翻译教学现状

目前的大学英语翻译教学是陷于进退维谷的境地。首先，课堂时间有限，教师在处理翻译练习时无暇讲授具体的翻译技巧，往往把所谓的参考答案作为唯一标注讲授给学生，制约了学生翻译的积极性。其次，大学英语教材中缺乏翻译理论与技巧的专门内容，虽然在课文讲解中可以传授一些翻译技巧，但是课文的翻译是英译汉而不是汉译英。再者，目前全国高校普遍采用的教材缺乏中国文化的输入内容。因此，大学英语翻译教学要做出突破性的改革，就要调整课堂教学设计，充分利用最新的技术手段，发挥学生自主学习的能动性，努力提高课堂效率。

五、相应的教学对策

大学英语教学中要重视英汉对比分析和语篇分析，采用新模式来实现教师对学生汉译英翻译的有效指导，才能提高学生的翻译能力。

1.重视课文的语篇分析，培养英汉对比分析和语篇分析意识

教师引导学生识别课文中的衔接、连贯、替代和省略等手段，帮助学生树立系统的语篇观。

2.在学习平台上传教学课件和音频，引导学生课下自主学习

自主学习是开展高效课堂教学的必要条件。教师可以充分利用网络学习平台和QQ群发布翻译技巧的讲解音频和配套的PPT课件。首先，结合CET-4某一篇段落汉译英的翻译过程详述此题型的做答步骤，对比参考译文和网友版译文，明确段落汉译英评分标准。其次，定期制作音频讲解和PPT课件并上传毕博学习平台和班级QQ群，配以针对性的测试题，供学生自主学习，要求必须在制定时间内完成，及时检测学生自主学习的效果。

3.课堂翻译教学重点突出学生译文中的错误分析和问题解决

课堂教学是有效指导学生提高翻译能力的主阵地，课下学习任务的落实是课堂教学顺利开展的有力支撑。教师要在第一次上课时就将全班学生分组、指定组长，规定每两周公布一次翻译练习篇目，学生课下完成；并指导大家学会使用毕博学习平台、QQ讨论组的强大功能，便于课下交流翻译心得。

段落汉译英练习的讲解一般都是放在第一节课的开始。具体流程如下：首先，组员相互检查翻译作业，核对标点和词性运用，交流译文，相互打分（6分钟）；其次，教师提问学生，分析原文的句子主干和各成分的构成并点评学生上传的译文作业（8分钟）；再次，要求译文规范的同学分享自己的翻译思路（13分钟）；最后，教师总结，对组员的表现进行过程性评价，小组间交叉打分，记入学生期末成绩（3分钟）。

4.扩展学生学习资源和视野，培养汉译英的浓厚兴趣

CET-4段落翻译内容都涉及到中国的传统文化和时政热点，这就要求教师为学生提供课下学习资源，帮助他们开阔视野，学到最新最有实效性的表达法。每次上课时设定Oral Report环节，学生轮流上讲台做presentation ，用英语复述所读内容，把重点词组和表达法写在黑板上，扩大学生的词汇量，提高他们的翻译兴趣。

六、结语

段落汉译英占CET-4考试15%的分数，而平时大学英语教学中又没有专门的时间讲授翻译技巧和方法，所以教师要指导学生开展自主学习，熟悉题型特点，掌握一定的汉译英翻译技巧，提高学生的英汉对比分析和语篇分析意识，积极开展翻译练习并定期进行讲评，辅以课外阅读资源，来提升学生的英语翻译能力。

参考文献：

[1]陈剑波，大学英语四、六级考试段落翻译题型分析及学习策略[J]，北京城市学院学报，2014年第4期，第15卷第2期.

[2]新东方：四、六级翻译拿高分，优化句式四步走[EB10L]，（2014-05-27）[2014-06-30] Http：//kyfy.xdf.cn/20145/10045522.htm.

[3]张晓琳，试析CET-4段落英译的障碍和策略，重庆科技学院学报（社会科学版），2015年第2期，第21卷第2期.

作者简介：刘艳莉（1974-4），女，河南省三门峡市，硕士，讲师，单位：山东省青岛滨海学院，研究方向：翻译理论与实践。

大学英语精读4课后汉译英篇4

f e l l u p o n d a r k d a y s..他出版了一本通俗小说賺了很多钱> 所以有能力买新房和轿车•

No w t h a t h e h a s p u b l i s h e d a p o p u l a r n o v e l wh i c h e a r n s h i m a l a r g e a mo u n t o f mo n e y , h e i s a b l e t o b u y a n e w h o u s e a n d a c a r..警察说他们产生怀疑是因为姑娘的尸体上还有其他印记.T h e p o l i c e s a i d t h a t t h e i r s u s p i c i o n s we r e a r o u s e d b e c a u s e t h e g i r l h a d o t h e r ma r k s o n h e r b o d y..你怎么能这样对她说话是她把你养大帮你完成学业.Ho w c a n y o u t a l k t o h e r l i k e t h a t ? S h e i s t h e o n e wh o b r o u g h t y o u u p a n d h e l p e d y o u f i n i s h s c h o o l..尽管这些学生毕业后的道路会很艰难但他们的前途却是光明的•

Ha r d a s t h e r o a d f o r t h e s e s t u d e n t s a f t e r s c h o o l wi l l b e , t h e i r p r o s p e c t s a r e b r i g h t..为了有足够的钱来经营这个商行他拍卖了新买的房子损失了一大笔钱•

I n o r d e r t o h a v e e n o u g h mo n e y t o r u n t h e b u s i n e s s , h e s o l d h i s newlyd i me n s i o n a l Ba r b i e d o l l s , wh i c h we r e d e s c r i b e d a s h a v i n g t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f “a wo ma n wh o s o l d s e x”..这位小说家于1 9 5 0年因出版《再见亲爱的》一举成名小说的灵感来自于他和一位姑娘在他哥哥农场的经历。

T h e n o v e l i s t i n s t a n t l y r o s e t o f a me i n 1 9 5 0 wi t h t h e p u b l i c a t i o n o f Go o dl o o k i n g ma n a n d a wo ma n s t a n d i n g a l o n g s i d e h i m i n f r o n t o f a f a r mh o u s e , t h e i r mo d e l s b e i n g r e s p e c t i v e l y t h e p a i n t e r’s d e n t i s t a n d s i s t e r..他为了镍币另一面上的野牛只好到中央公园的动物园里素描一只老野牛这只老野牛后来被宰杀用于墙上的装饰.I n o r d e r t o h a v e t h e b u f f a l o o n t h e o t h e r s i d e o f t h e n i c k e l , h e we n t t o t h e Ce n t r a l P a r k Zo o t o s k e t c h a n a g i n g b u f f a l o wh i c h wa s l a t e r k i l l e d f o r a wa l l d e c o r a t i o n..有个故事说“u s”是“山姆大叔”的缩写“山姆大叔”原名叫山姆•威尔逊他曾和一名男子一道工作过这名男子和美国政府签定了一份合同给军队提供肉食.On e s t o r y s a y s t h a t “US” wa s s h o r t f o r “Un c l e S a m” wh o s e r e a l n a me wa s S a m Wi l s o n wh o h a d o n c e wo r k e d wi t h a ma n wh o h a d s i g n e d a c o n t r a c t wi t h t h e g o v e r n me n t t o p r o v i d e me a t t o t h e US Ar my.Un i t 5 l.克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动一时间我都纳闷她是否还活着.Mr s.Cl a r k l i e s i n b e d mo t i o n l e s s , a n d I wo n d e r b r i e f l y i f s h e i s s t i l l a l i v e..在旅程的最后阶段这位沙漠旅行者靠嚼(c h e w)树叶解渴.I n t h e f i n a l p h a s e o f h i s j o u r n e y , t h e t r a v e l e r i n t h e d e s e r t d e p e n d e d

on c h e wi n g t r e e l e a v e s t o e a s e h i s t h i r s t.这些士兵接受了严格的训练并且对完成这项新任务有充分的准备.Th e s e s o l d i e r s h a v e r e c e i v e d v e r y s t r i c t t r a i n i n g a n d b e e n we l l e q u i p p e d t o f u l f i l l t h e n e w t a s k..我小心翼翼地替她擦身尽量避免弄疼她因为她瘦得皮包骨头.I c l e a n h e r b o d y c a r e f u l l y , t r y i n g t o a v o i d h u r t i n g h e r , a s s h e i s o n l y s k i n a n d b o n e s..时间好像静止了.克拉克夫人和我都意识到她就要去了要离开这个世界了.Ti me s e e ms t o s t a n d s t i l l.Mr s.Cl a r k a n d I b o t h b e c o me a wa r e t h a t s h e i s d y i n g , l e a v i n g t h i s wo r l d.6.在装饰房间时你务必要使地楼和窗帘相配.Wh e n d e c o r a t i n g t h e r o o m, y o u s h o u l d s e e t o i t t h a t t h e c a r p e t s ma t c h t h e c u r t a i n s..这个小男孩好像能读懂我的心思他默默地递给我一些当日的报纸.I t s e e me d t h a t t h e l i t t l e b o y c o u l d r e a d my mi n d , a n d h e q u i e t l y g a v e me s o me n e ws p a p e r s o f t h a t d a y..直到看见弥留之际躺在床上的母亲他才意识到他是多么地爱她.No t u n t i l h e s a w h i s mo t h e r l y i n g i n b e d , d y i n g , d i d h e r e a l i z e h o w mu c h h e l o v e d h e r.Un i t 6 1.世界从中国人那里学到了一些有关地展预测的东西中国人注意到在地展来临之前一些动物会改变它们的行为.Th e wo r l d h a s l e a r n e d s o me t h i n g c o n c e r n i n g e a r t h q u a k e p r e d i c t i o n f r o m t h e Ch i n e s e , wh o h a v e n o t e d t h a t b e f o r e a n e a r t h q u a k e , s o me a n i ma l s wo u l d c h a n g e t h e i r n o r ma l b e h a v i o r..由于在地震中遇难的大部分人都是被正在倒塌的建筑物砸死的所以一定要改进建筑结构使它们能够抵御地震的力量.As mo s t o f t h e p e o p l e wh o d i e i n e a r t h q u a k e s a r e k i l l e d b y f a l l i n g b u i l d i n g s , b u i l d i n g s t r u c t u r e s mu s t b e i mp r o v e d s o t h a t t h e y c a n wi t h s t a n d t h e p o we r o f e a r t h q u a k e s..除了努力改进建筑结构之外,地震多发地区的人们还应该在其他几个方面为可能发生的大地地震做好准备.Be s i d e s wo r k i n g t o i mp r o v e b u i l d i n g s t r u c t u r e s , p e o p l e i n a r e a s wh e r e e a r t h q u a k e s a r e c o mmo n s h o u l d a l s o p r e p a r e f o r t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f a g r e a t e a r t h q u a k e i n s e v e r a l o t h e r a s p e c t s..要将英英词典放在手边当你不能准确地理解一个字时你就能够随时查阅它.Ke e p a n En g l i s hs t r i c k e n a r e a..居住在地雇多发地区的人们应该建造能够抵抗地面运动的房屋.P e o p l e wh o l i v e i n t h e a r e a s wh e r e e a r t h q u a k e s a r e a c o mmo n o c c u r r e n c e s h o u l d b u i l d h o u s e s t h a t a r e r e s i s t a n t t o g r o u n d mo v e me n t..—个农民注意到有很多鱼在水面上游动他说这预示着可能有地震发生.A f a r me r n o t i c e d l a r g e s c h o o l s o f f i s h s wi mmi n g n e a r t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e wa t e r , wh i c h , h e s a i d , i n d i c a t e d t h e p o s s i b l e o c c u r r e n c e o f a n e a r t h q u a k e.Un i t 7 1.情人节是这个国家玫瑰花行业生意最红火的一天因为在这一天玫瑰花零售商们要卖掉1 0 0多万枝玫瑰.Va l e n t i n e’s Da y i s t h e b i g g e s t d a y f o r t h e n a t i o n’s r o s e i n d u s t r y , a s o n t h i s d a y t h e r o s e r e t a i l e r s wi l l s e l l mo r e t h a n o n e mi l l i o n r o s e s..对于传统的花店来说销售玫瑰花已不再像以前那样是一种美好的体验因为激烈的市场竞争已使他们几乎濒临破产的边缘.As f o r t r a d i t i o n a l f l o we r s h o p s , s e l l i n g r o s e s i s n o l o n g e r s u c h a b e a u t i f u l e x p e r i e n c e a s b e f o r e , b e c a u s e i n t e n s e ma r k e t c o mp e t i t i o n h a s c h a s e d t h e m a l mo s t o u t o f b u s i n e s s.3.正当折价玫瑰花零售商看着他们的生意蒸蒸日上时美国的玫瑰种植商却因为大量的外国玫瑰进入美围市场而正在遭受破产的厄运.Wh i l e d i s c o u n t r o s e r e t a i l e r s wa t c h t h e i r b u s i n e s s b l o o m, U.S.r o s e g r o we r s a r e g o i n g b a n k r u p t a s l a r g e a mo u n t s o f f o r e i g n r o s e s g e t i n t o Ame r i c a n ma r k e t s..由于进口玫瑰花占了美国全部市场的5 7 %,国内玫瑰种植商的利润率已大大地下降.As t h e i mp o r t e d r o s e s a c c o u n t f o r 5 7 % o f t h e t o t a l Ame r i c a n ma r k e t s , t h e p r o f i t ma r g i n o f t h e d o me s t i c r o s e g r o we r s h a s d r o p p e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y..—些精明的国内玫瑰种植商已经开始与海外竞争者合作而不是与他们对抗.S o me s ma r t d o me s t i c r o s e g r o we r s h a v e b e g u n t o wo r k wi t h t h e o v e r s e a s r i v a l s , i n s t e a d o f f i g h t i n g t h e m.6.他打算通过提供各种服务以及成为海外花卉生产商的代理来扩大业务范围.Th e y a r e g o i n g t o wi d e n t h e i r b u s i n e s s r a n g e t h r o u g h p r o v i d i n g v a r i o u s k i n d s o f s e r v i c e a n d b e c o mi n g a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f o r o v e r s e a s f l o we r p r o d u c e r s..那个年轻人手里捧着一束玫瑰花走进办公室将它放在了他心仪已久的女孩莉莉的办公桌上•

Ho l d i n g a b u n d l e o f r o s e s i n h i s h a n d , t h e y o u n g ma n wa l k e d i n t o t h e o f f i c e a n d p u t i t o n t h e d e s k o f Li l y , t h e g i r l h e h a d l o n g b e e n i n l o v e wi t h..办公室里所有的人都伸长脖子来看这位帅小伙并且急切地想知道他们之间的爱情故事•

Al l t h e p e o p l e i n t h e o f f i c e c r a n e d t h e i r n e c k s t o s e e t h i s h a n d s o me y o u n g ma n a n d we r e e a g e r t o k n o w t h e l o v e s t o r y b e t we e n t h e b o y a n d t h e g i r l.Un i t 8 1.在一些两方国家有些父母准备克隆孩子目的是进行一些非致命致命器官的移植。

I n s o me we s t e r n c o u n t r i e s t h e r e a r e p a r e n t s wh o a r e r e a d y t o c l o n e c h i l d r e n wi t h n o n f a t a l t r a n s p l a n t s i n mi n d.2.她要的那本关丁克隆的书不在我手上于是我让她到学校图书馆去借•

Th e b o o k o n c l o n i n g s h e a s k e d f o r wa s n o t wi t h i n my r e a c h , s o I r e f e r r e d h e r t o t h e s c h o o l l i b r a r y..看在玛丽的份上我可以把车借给你以解决你的交通工具问题问题•

F o r Ma r y’s s a k e , I c a n l e n d y o u my c a r t o g e t a r o u n d y o u r t r a n s p o r t p r o b l e m..首先这对夫妇不想克隆孩子其次他们也没钱去克隆。

I n t h e f i r s t p l a c e t h e c o u p l e d i d n’t wa n t t o c l o n e a c h i l d , a n d i n t h e s e c o n d p l a c e t h e y c o u l d n’t a f f o r d t o..理论上说克隆一个孩子以获取器官是可行的但实际这么做却可能对孩子的心理有害。

I n t h e o r y i t’s p o s s i b l e t o c l o n e a c h i l d t o h a r v e s t o r g a n s , b u t i n p r a c t i c e i t wo u l d b e p s y c h o l o g i c a l l y h a r mf u l t o t h e c h i l d..他以Br a v e r的笔名发表广一篇文章.强调这么一种思想即克降动物的过程也同样适用了克隆人类.He p u b l i s h e d a n a r t i c l e u n d e r t h e n a me o f “Br a v e r” wh i c h s t r e s s e s t h e i d e a t h a t t h e p r o c e s s o f c l o n i n g a n i ma l s wo u l d wo r k f o r h u ma n s a s we l l..正如这篇文章的作者所警告的克隆人类可能是一件使人更加悲伤而非更加高兴的事。As t h e a u t h o r o f t h i s a r t i c l e wa r n s u s , h u ma n c l o n i n g mi g h t b e s o me t h i n g t h a t ma k e s me n s a d d e r t h a n h a p p i e r..对某些人来说克隆不克隆的问题在某种意义上可以比作是生还是死的问题。

现代大学英语精读3课后翻译篇5

P.16 4.Translation.1)She intends to apply for that academic position.2)He is so devoted to his research that the idea that he will soon have to retire never occurs to him.3)Many people have observed that, without effective checks, we have a tendency to abuse our power.4)Students must observe carefully how good writers use words.5)Some countries refuse to get involved in this dispute and they resent any foreign interference.6)How do you think we should handle the drug problem? 7)According to the agreement, all business policies should apply to everybody without any prejudice.8)The control of the sand storms will involve a tremendous amount of work and money.9)You have to take into consideration the local conditions when you apply these technologies.10)All applicants will have to fill out this form and mail in an application fee of 50 dollars.11)Based on his careful observation of children’s behavior he came to the conclusion that learning is a natural pleasure.12)In a country of many nationalities, ethnic harmony requires very careful handling.13)The government is determined to punish all the corrupt officials involved.14)Cheating at exams does not occur very often.But when it does, the school takes a very tough potion.Lesson Three

P.77 3.Translation.1)The mission was put off minutes before the rocket was launched.2)Scientists are trying to develop a more effective way of using solar energy.3)Sport is important because it concerns the health of the people of a nation, and not because it is a profitable business.4)The project was launched last year, and when it is completed we can bring the gas from the west to the east.5)The survival of a company depends on how fast it can develop new products to meet the needs of the market.6)He developed a theory that human progress has been largely due to cooperation rather than competition.7)For many people in China who used to worry every day where their next meal was to come from, today their biggest concern is being overweight.8)It is believed that they will launch an attack sooner or later.It is only a matter of 9)10)11)12)13)14)15)16)17)time.Ok, you make me an offer.How much would you pay? One lesson we have drawn from the 20th century is that human resources are more important than natural resources in the development of a nation.Many teachers are concerned about a lack of communal spirit among some young people.It was a very generous offer.He said that he would pay me $ 100, 000 a year as personnel manager.Today the corruption problem has become a matter of international concern.She suddenly walked out of the room without offering any explanation.These tough competitions can drive young people crazy.I’m sorry I can’t let you use my car now.I have to drive my wife to the airport.What he said the other day sounded very vague.I don’t really know what he was driving at.Lesson Seven

P.209 3.Translation.1)Our school sports meet is due to take place next Saturday.2)Due to the repeated floods and droughts, farming has been very unstable in this area.3)She suddenly realized that their rent was due the next day.4)They finally identified the object flying due north as a swan.5)Many people believe that in due course Chinese farmers will learn to compete successfully in international markets.6)With due respect, I don’t think we should adopt a wait-and-see policy.7)According to this agreement, the two countries should inform each other of their major military actions.8)He was criticized because he did not take immediate action when he was informed that the submarine had sunk.9)Although he had lived in this little hut all his life, Zhu Geliang was extremely well-informed.10)During the “Cultural Revolution”, people were not only encouraged but also forced to inform on each other.11)At that time scholars strongly advised us to preserve the city wall.But we were not far-sighted enough to adopt their proposal.12)To see how he loved his mother, you would never guess that he was adopted.13)This classical novel describes a group of people in the Song dynasty, who, like Robin Hood, robbed the rich to help the poor.14)They robbed her of everything she had and threw her out of the car.15)Don’t ever reach out for things that do not belong to you, because sooner or later you will be caught.16)Our goal is to build a society that is rich, free and just.But we can’t reach that destination without pain and suffering.17)I had a terrible dream.I dreamed that I was running after something I wanted.But it was always beyond my reach.18)At that time, Cao Cao believed that final victory was within his easy reach.He didn’t know that a terrible defeat was waiting for him.Lesson Ten

P.301 3.Translation.1)How do you account for his strange behavior? 2)Let’s form a circle so that we can see each other when we talk.3)He appointed five people to handle the case.4)She claims to possess an unusual ability — the ability to cure disease simply by her magic hand.5)In the story, this evil spirit often appeared in the form of a pretty lady.6)Where can I get a roll of film?