托福写作：复习建议

托福写作：复习建议（精选6篇）

托福写作：复习建议 篇1

一.1个月如何复习托福独立写作

正常来说，写作备考应该有一个初期词汇和素材积累的过程，但是我们现在来说只有一个月复习时间的话，我们直接从范文开始看，不再单独去积累词汇和素材。很多学生也知道通过看范文来充实自己的写作食粮，然而往往看与不看貌似没神马差别。首先，阅读高分及满分范文，不是去赏析一篇散文，阅读过程中需要我们去分析范文中的词汇、句式以及一些素材，然后把这些内容都做一个积累本。一篇范文看完后，学习到哪些内容应该自己再去总结一下，最后在自己写作的时候尽量的去套用。范文建议分类别看，比如我们集中看5篇教育类范文，就可以积累相对应的教育类作文常用的素材和词汇，那么自己写教育类作文的时候就可以把积累下来的词和素材得以运用。

二.1个月如何复习托福综合写作

一个复习托福综合写作的话，综合写作部分的练习建议在模考软件中按照考试流程来进行，在规定的时间内读阅读、听听力、然后计时写作，写的过程中注意以下几点：1. 单词的拼写，边打字边检查;2. 三单的问题，也就是每句话的谓语要重点关注语态和时态;3. 不能出现与阅读内容连续超过6words的重复，也就是说写作中需要用到阅读内容时必须要自己改写;4. 注意听力内容的转述，不要盲目概括，要清楚听力内容的逻辑;5. 不要去套用网络上盛行的各种模板，自己的创新更重要。

托福写作范文:政府保护自然环境应采取什么措施

此题为三选一

What is the most important action for the government to take for the protection of environmental problems? Fund researches on new energy sources such as solar and wind power? Protect forests and natural wildlife species? Pass and enforce laws to reduce the pollution.

三选一类题目会给出三个选项A, B, C让学生去选择一个。这种题的答题方法为开头段-正文段第一段B好-正文段第二段B的另一个优点-正文段第三段B比A好/A的缺点和B比C好/C的缺点-结尾段。

托福独立写作真题回顾

What one of the following is the most important action for the government to take for the protection of natural environment?

(1)fund research on new energy sources such as solar and wind power;

(2)preserve natural places such as forests and natural wildlife species.

(3)pass and enforce laws to reduce the pollution produced by companies and industries

点睛：

题目大意：对政府来说，要想保护自然环境，政府最应该采取哪项措施：资助研究新能源，保护栖息地和动物，制定法规来减少公司的污染排放。 此题目为三选一的题目，波波提醒各位小伙伴，对于这样的题目，我们有两点要做到：1.必须要清楚选出一个选项，2.三个选项在整篇文章论述中务必都要提到。只要能做到上述两点即可，所以三选一题目的写作结构非常灵活，下面是波波选择的一种写法，仅供参考。

托福写作模板及参考答案：

托福写作范文参考一:

2016年6月25日托福独立写作范文：

Taking a panoromic view of human history, we can readily find that the natural environment plays an enormously important role in determing the future of each and every country. Given the great significance of clean environment, the general public as well as the governors begin to wonder which is the most essential action to protect the environment, among funding new energy research, preserving natural habitat or enacting strict laws. Towards such a long-running tug-of-war, I am inclined to argue that national governments should invest financial support in developing new energy sources.

Initially, spending more money in discovering new energy can radically solve the various environmental problems. As is common sense, the deteriorating environment is the result of the overexploitation of fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas. To be specific, numerous chemical plants usually burn the coal to provide power for manufacturing all kinds of goods designed to satisfy the basic needs of the general public. As a result, a large amounts of industrial wastes are discharged to take a toll on the natural environment. Also, an increasing number of petrol-powered automobiles will definitely emit car exhause(e.g. fumes and toxic gas), which can increase the likelihood of the public suffering from respiratory diseases. All the above problems related to environment can be resolved by find new and clean energy like solar energy, wind power and tidal power. Undoubtedly, replacing the traditional energy with the new ones can dramatically decrease the pollution and contamination, thus leading to a better living environment. For example, once the cars uses the electricity instead of petrol, the air quality will improve to a large extent.

Secondly, there are conspicuous limitation of the other two options. As for preserving natural places, the effect of this practice is relatively restricted. To illustrate, the traditional energy sources are usually exploited and discovered in the natural places. Consequently, the preservation of natural places will hinder the access to various energy and thus impede the progress of the whole society. Also, the same logic applies to passing laws to reduce pollution. It is an indisputable fact that across the globe, many countries now are heaviely dependent on the industries and factories which produce pollutions. In other words, once the law of punishing these companies is enforced, these corporation may have to cut down their output and make less profits, even ending up going bankcrupt. Accordingly, the national economy and the living standard of the public will suffer too.

Factoring what has been discussed above, we can conclude that funding research of environmental friendly energy will be more preferable, because finding proper alternative energy is the key to solving the environmental problems comprehensively.

托福写作写作参考二:

托福独立写作范文：

The statement above attempts to assert whether funding on environmental friendly resources, preserving wildlife species, or enforcing laws to be the most crucial way to protect the environment has long been centered in dispute. Too often people hold the idea inventing new energy resources and passing laws could be effective ways to eradicate environmental related issues. However, as far as I am concerned protecting plants and animals would be a much more direct and sufficient solution.

To the extent that species extinction is the result of anthropogenic events such as direct or indirect human activities and further threaten the delicate balance which all animal including human beings depend upon. Thus protecting the forests and natural wildlife species has the priority to be dealt with. For example, the extinction of the dodo, a flightless bird endemic to the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius, was directly attributable to human activity. As the nature is an intricate matrix of interdependent relationships, in which each species depends on many others for its survival, the dying out of Dodo caused a certain native tree whose seeds dispersed by Dodo, extinct either. Nowadays, many species face the similar circumstance either and it greatly results in human being’s greedy. To make mechanic profit, the underground dealers trade the skin of the Siberian Tiger, and horn of the Tibetan Antelope and the African Elephant, making those animals hardly ensure the preservation. For protecting the balanced ecosystem, human beings should place a very high affirmative duty to protect wildlife species.

In addition, many species possess great values to human race, some of which are not realized by human yet, requiring people to protect them without any effort. Thermal insulation and conductive resistance enables latex, extracting from the rubber tree, to be the essential component of industrial products for daily uses, such as rubber gloves and rubber sheath. Not only plants play an important role in industrial field, but works for medical perspective as well, especially function as Chinese herbal medicine. For instance, marijuana provides relief from pain and Lianqiao helps with heat removing. If cutting down most of the rubber trees and herbal species, we will leave limited resources for our future generation. For the reason above, it is essential for human beings contribute more on wildlife species protection to handle environmental resources shortage problems.

Admittedly, allocate money on new energy and pass laws to reduce pollution have the merit, however, they are impractical. Take spending on natural energy as an example. On the one threshold, with the technology we have now, the energy sources are not stable and even costly. Wind and solar energy cannot be obtained on a calm and cloudy day. On the other one, they cost the country a lot. I do not deny that wind and solar energy, cleaner energy as they are, would be a wiser choice for developed counties who have money and resources to solve the carbine dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and toxic gases relevant problems and to a great extend release environmental pressure, such as global warming jeopardy. However, when it comes to developing countries, poverty, higher unemployment rate, and high inflation are all problems that developing countries need to worry about. The better solution is to encourage factories to produce more goods and services. To cut down the costs, it is inevitable to produce air and water pollutions. Passing laws and inventing impede the economic growth on a large scale.

In sum, considering the financial and practical analyzing, it is safe to conclude that preserve wildlife species is the most important action to protect the natural environment rather than creating new energy and enforcing laws.

托福写作范文:搬去新地方会失去老朋友吗

Agree or disagree:it is often not a good city to move to a new city or a new country because you will lose touch with old friends.

真题重现

It is not a good thing to move to a new cityor country because we will lose old friends.

2016年3月26日托福独立写作解析

该题目从题型分类上来讲，不属于常见题型(绝对型、对比型、建议型)，其最显著的特征是题目本身带有一个因果关系：因为会失去老朋友，所以搬到一个新地方不是一件好的事情。严格来讲，如果从同意的角度来写，思路可能会受到题目的限制，即只能想到从失去老朋友这个角度来论证搬去新地方不好。所以这种题目从不同意的角度更容易写出逻辑严谨，内容丰富的文章。下面的范文采取不同意的立场，主体段第一段写，搬去新地方不见得会失去老朋友，因为通讯工具日益发达;第二个主体段写，就算老朋友有些疏远，也不能因此断定搬去新地方不好，反而可以开始一段新生活、了解新的文化、结交新的朋友。

托福写作模板及参考答案：

托福写作范文参考一:

2016年3月26日托福独立写作范文 (新东方 周徐敏)

As the technology of public transportation keeps advancing, more citizens can choose to dwell in the cities that are beneficial to their own development. Inevitably, there occurs a controversy whether moving to a new city or country will lead to the rupture of relationship among friends. From my perspective, I think the statement is not sensible.

Firstly, moving to a new country or city will not result in the loss of old friends. To be more specific, the maintenance of friendship doesn’t lie in how far they live with each other and the development of technology has diversified the ways of interacting with friends. The invention of cellphones break the shackles caused by distance and overseas students can choose to communicate with their family members and friends through a variety of Apps like WeChat that makes video calls possible. Except for that, by looking at the pictures popping up all over the social media like Facebook, people can easily capture what is happening to their friends. For instance, my friend Selina took selfie in the Sydney Opera House a week ago and I would learn that she was having fun in the Australia with her picture posted on the Instagram. Therefore, a wide range of advanced electronic gadgets can be used to sustain friendship.

Moreover, instead of losing old friends, city migrants can even enlarge their social circles and achieve more success. Restricted in a city for a long period, people may be trapped in a situation that would block their development and they can gain refreshing experience while immigrating to a new city. My friend of Mine named Michael served as a Market Analyst in a renewed company in Beijing. However, he couldn’t see any progress in recent years and then an opportunity comes out. Because of his five-year working experience, a foreign trade cooperation tried to recruit him as the Market Analyst because the firm was planning to start a new program. Then he grasped the chance and earn a challenging life that he likes even though he was required to work in Shanghai. Our relationship have not experienced any interruption and his strong ability of being adapted to the new environment helps him to make lots of new friends. Accordingly, moving to a new city can, occasionally, help to break the deadlock in our professions.

Admittedly, it can be sensible that friends can be estranged owing to the long distance with each other. Specifically speaking, the chances to meet with each other will be limited a lot. However, as I just put, for one thing, people can talk with each other through various social network software. For another thing, the distance between cities is not a problem anymore since there have been many public transportation tools like the high-speed trains and airplanes that will lead us to anyplace we try to go in a very short period.

In a word, moving to a new city or a new country is good choice under some circumstance. Besides, the highly developed technology can help to strengthen the relations with our friends and the possibilities of living a different life and achieving success can both explain why I stand by the statement that it is a good thing to move to a new city. (546 words )

新托福写作攻略 篇2

考试内容

新托福作文部分包括两道试题，需在大约55分钟的时间内完成。

第一道是以阅读和听力材料为基础的综合写作试题。考生需要首先阅读一篇学术文章，阅读的时间是3分钟左右。然后文章隐去，这时考生需要听一段大约为1分半钟的演讲。但是考生在写作文时可以看到在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。考生在阅读和听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。考生有20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点，并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要点有何关系。作文内容是根据考试所提出的问题而定的，不能由考生自由发挥。通常有效的回答应是一篇150~225个单词的作文。本试题属于客观性题目。

第二道是独立写作试题。本部分需30分钟的时间，与现行机考托福的写作考试或笔试托福写作考试(TWE)类似，需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对某一问题的看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇超过300个单词的作文。考生可以自由选择材料、形式和观点等，不受题目的严格限制。本试题属于主观性题目。相比较而言，第二道题目考生更容易取得高分。

上述两个写作部分单独记分。分数值均为0~5分。新托福写作部分的总得分要综合参考考生的两项作文分数，算出两项的平均值，然后统一换算成0~30分的标准分。

评分标准

综合写作部分的评分标准：

1、符合5分档的文章

有效地完成了写作任务，表述了演讲中的相关信息点；

准确地将演讲和阅读中的信息点联系起来；

结构精当，行文流畅；

语法与词汇运用恰当，在语言方面仅有极少的轻微错误。

2、符合4分档的文章

基本上表述了演讲中的相关信息点，但可能遗失了一些次要信息点；

比较好地将演讲和阅读中的主要信息点联系起来，但对信息点或其联系表达可能不准确或不清楚；

结构比较精当；

语法与词汇运用恰当，但在语言方面有一些明显的轻微错误，或偶尔表意不明确。

3、符合3分档的文章

表述了演讲中的一些相关信息点，但可能遗失了一个关键信息点；

将演讲和阅读中的某些信息点联系起来，但对某些信息点或其联系表达可能不完整，不准确或不清楚；

在语法或语言运用方面有一些错误，使得信息点或其联系表述不清楚。

4、符合2分档的文章

表述了演讲中的一些相关信息点，但可能遗失了一些关键信息点或对关键信息点表述不清楚；

未能或错误地将演讲和阅读中的某些信息点联系起来；

在语言方面有一些错误，使得关键信息点或其联系表述不清楚。

5、符合1分档的文章

只表述了演讲中的极少相关信息点，或没能表述演讲中的相关信息点；

没能将演讲和阅读中的信息点联系起来；

在语言方面有一些错误，使得表意很不明确；

太简短让人无法衡量其写作水平。

6、符合0分档的文章

只是抄写了阅读中的几个句子；

与所给话题不相关；

用英语以外的语言写作；或者是空白卷。

独立写作部分的评分标准：

1、符合5分档的文章

有效地完成了写作任务，清楚地阐述了作者的论点；

结构比较精当，论证比较充分，有一些事例，理由或细节;

段落间衔接紧密，行文流畅，有些表达不够简洁或不够清楚；

语言简洁有力，句式富有变化，用词精当，只有极少的轻微语言错误。

2、符合4分档的文章

很好地完成了写作任务，但有些论点未得到充分论证；

结构精当，论证充分，有恰当的事例，理由或细节;

段落间衔接紧密，行文流畅；

句式和词汇富有变化，虽有一些明显的轻微语言错误，但不影响语意的表达。

3、符合3分档的文章

较好地完成了写作任务，有一些论点得到论证，有一些恰当的论据；

段落间衔接比较紧密，行文比较流畅，但语意间的联系偶尔会不清楚；

语言比较简洁有力，句式和词汇方面的错误有时使得语意表达不清；

句式和词汇使用准确，但不富有变化。

4、符合2分档的文章

未能有效地完成写作任务，论据不恰当或者不充分；

文章展开不够，语意间联系不紧密；

语法和行文有大量错误。

2、符合1分档的文章

文章结构严重错误，展开很不充分，

只有极少的论据，或没有论据，或论据与话题无关；

语法和行文有大量的严重错误。

1、符合0分档的文章

与所给话题不相关；

用英语以外的语言写作；

是空白卷。

（此汉语翻译由笔者提供）

如何准备新托福写作

与现行机考和笔考的写作部分相比，新托福写作对考生的英文综合应用能力提出了更高的要求。考生不仅要具备扎实的语法和词汇功底，还要能够综合驾驭听、读、写的能力，才能圆满完成写作任务。从命题形式上看，新托福虽然不再单独设置语法考题，但是纵观新托福的题型和出题目的，我们不难发现ETS是将语法测试隐蔽地融入到了对其他内容的考查，特别是对口语和写作的考查中了。因此，考生在写作中要特别注意避免犯各种语法错误。另外，为了能在写作部分取得高分，考生还需要扩大单词量，特别是能够自如运用的积极词汇量，所以对词汇的掌握情况也成了影响写作成绩的重要因素。从命题思路上看，新托福结合了主观性题目和客观性题目，不仅要求考生在有限的时间里根据自己的积累和理解完成命题作文，还要求考生在有限的时间和有限的资料帮助下对特定的问题做出回答。这种新的命题形式既考查了考生平时的知识面，又考查了考生的临场应变能力。从考试时间上看，新托福写作的总时间延长了，这就需要考生要有较好的耐力和意志力，能够在更长的时间里集中精力完成规定的作文题目。

要迎接新托福写作的挑战，并且获得成功， 考生必须首先掌握以下几方面知识：

良好的语法知识；充足的词汇量；基本的文体知识；良好的阅读习惯；良好的听力水平；高超的语言衔接手段；高超的记笔记能力。

为此，考生要进一步加强英语基本功的训练，强化语法知识和学术论文写作的文体知识，考生需要熟练掌握英文写作中常用的时态、语态、语气和句式。能够熟练地写出语法正确、逻辑清晰、措辞准确的语句。

要千方百计扩大词汇量。主要包括熟悉单词的拼写、发音、词性变化和搭配用法。能够做到熟练进行单词的中英文切换。从目前掌握的信息来看，新托福比现行的托福考试要求的词汇量大。

考生应该在平时多阅读一些学术性文章，熟悉其写作格式和常用语言及表达句式，熟悉英语文章的文章结构和英语作者的写作思路，熟悉英语文章常用的衔接手段，尽量模仿英、美作者的逻辑思维练习写议论性文章。要提高快速阅读能力，做到精读和泛读二者相结合。迅速了解文章大意，快速提取关键词、关键句和重要的信息点。

考生还要多听一些英语演讲，收听英语广播和收看英语电视节目，最好是学术性比较强的内容，以便熟悉学术性英语的口头表达方式和内容组织特点。要提高精听和泛听的能力。能够迅速捕捉到听力段落的关键词、关键句和重要信息点；能够较完整地抓住文章的主要内容，归纳出主旨大意。考生要有意识地加强记笔记的能力。这包括两个方面，一是要能快速、准确地判定什么是最重要的、是必须记下来的内容；二是在记的同时要兼顾听与读，不错过重要的信息。要知道，如果在“听”这个环节没有记下足够的有价值的信息，独立写作部分就是无米之炊，考生只能抱恨而归了。

以上各个方面的提高既有赖于大家平时的积累，又要注意课堂上老师的精心讲解。

如何完成新托福写作考试

针对新托福写作中各个部分笔者有如下几项建议：

1）如何完成综合写作部分

熟悉指令。每场考试的指令都是相同的，因此考试时没有必要再花时间仔细阅读指令。所以在考前，你一定要对考试指令娴熟在心。

指令一出来就立刻跳过。你对指令应该已很熟悉，因此只要指令一出现就立刻用鼠标点Continue，将你的时间省下来用在答题上。

如果综合写作任务的内容你并不熟悉，不要担心。所有你需要回答的信息都包含在段落里。回答这些问题不需要任何背景知识。

仔细阅读材料。你只有有限的阅读时间。

阅读段落时，仔细记笔记。注意主要观点和主要的支持信息。不要写下你读到的所有内容。不要写下太多不必要的细节。

仔细听。每段你只能听一次。考试时你不能重复这些段落。

边听边仔细记笔记。不要写下你听到的所有内容。不要写下太多不必要的细节。

清楚地组织自己的回答。回答应包括能说明阅读段落和听力段落之间关系的主题句、支持主题句的重要材料、关于阅读材料的一个段落、关于听力材料的一个段落。

利用过渡词使你的回答连贯。如果能显示出回答的观点是如何相互关联的，你的回答就更易被读懂、理解。

坚持使用你有把握的词汇、句子结构和语法点。这时不是你尝试新词汇、句子结构和语法点的时候。

注意显示在计算机屏幕上标题栏内的时间。该标题栏显示本节考试所余时间、本节问题的总数、你所做问题的总数。

提前几分钟写完你的答案，留出编辑校对的时间。你应该利用最后的3~5分钟检查自己的答案，看看是否有句子结构问题和语法错误。

2）如何完成独立写作部分

熟悉指令。（同上）

指令一出来就立刻跳过。（同上）

仔细阅读问题，一定要答为所问。在开始写作之间，一定要花点时间理解问题，明确要求你写的是什么。

清楚地组织自己的回答。文章结构应包括简介、由简介引申出来的主体段落和文章结尾。

利用过渡词使你的回答连贯。如果能显示出回答的观点是如何相互关联的，你的回答就更易被读懂、理解。

写任何概括性句子，都要提供论据支持。对任何概括性句子，你都应举出例子、原因、事实或个人信息予以支持。

坚持使用你所知道的词汇、句子结构和语法点。这时不是你尝试新词汇、句子结构和语法点的时候。

注意显示在计算机屏幕上标题栏内的时间。该标题栏显示本节考试所余时间、本节问题的总数、你所做问题的总数。

提前几分钟写完文章，留出编辑校对的时间。你应该利用最后的3~5分钟检查自己的文章，看看是否有句子结构问题和语法错误。

总的来说，新托福写作部分对考生的英文运用能力提出了较高的要求。有志参加新托福考试的同学不但要全面提高英文的听、说、读、写能力，还要系统地了解和掌握新托福的命题目的、出题形式，解题技巧和评分标准。

下面的表格是新托福写作的原始分数(两项的平均分数)和换算后分数的对照表：

通过这个表格大家可以发现，只要第二项写作任务得到满分，即使第一项只能得到4分，最终的得分仍然高达28分。这已经是很骄人的成绩了。倘若第二项得分在3.5分，那总分也会在27分。这个成绩对于申请者来讲也是令人满意的。

托福写作：复习建议 篇3

To begin with, the decline of teaching quality is an indisputable reason why teachers today are less respected. Owing to the rapid population growth and education expansion, there is a large demand for teachers. To cater the needs, universities have to recruit and train more teachers quickly. Commonly adopted methods are to shorten and simplify the training process as well as lower the standard. Consequently, a majority of new teachers today feel very difficult for them to become competent in the early years due to the insufficient training and work experience. Moreover, teaching is no longer a well-paid profession, which makes a large number of teachers today less devoted to their career. In the past, as there were fewer people who were qualified to teach, people would like to pay a high salary to teachers. But today, the income of teachers, especially those working in primary schools and kindergartens, is no higher than that of a common clerk in companies. The uncompetitive payment fails to motivate teachers to work hard to improve their teaching. Even worse, some teachers with heavy economic burden choose to take several part time jobs at the same time, which makes them exhausted and incapable of taking good care of their students.

Secondly, the exposure of some teachers’ misbehavior through medias casts a shadow on all teachers. It is undeniable that at any time there are bad teachers. In the past, when a teacher lost his trust and reputation locally, a simple solution for him was to move to another place and start his teaching career again. But today, the powerful mass media makes it impossible for a teacher’s bad behavior to be hidden from the public. This is an effective method to supervise teachers, but when there are too many reports on teachers’ misbehavior, it is unavoidable that the public gradually lose confidence on all teachers. Normally, people regard it as teachers’ responsibility to take good care of students and help students learn and grow up, so there are few reports on teachers’ work except for big events, like saving students from traffic accidents at the expense of a teacher his own safety. However, when a teacher’s misbehavior is known, it will attract many medias, and parents who care about children’s education and health would like to spread the news broadly. As a result, though it is necessary to expose the misbehavior of teachers, the outbreak of mass reports generates serious negative impact on overall reputation of teachers, just like what is happening recently in China. There are more than three reports on child abuse in different kindergartens in Beijing last month. It has aroused panic among the public and doubts on almost all kindergarten teachers.

To sum up, there are reasons why teachers are less respected as before. It is mainly because of the decline of teaching quality and mass reports of some teachers’ misbehavior.

20171210托福独立写作题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students do not respect their teachers as much as they did in the past.

托福写作：复习建议 篇4

1)一定程度上经济独立

2)更好的获取工作经验

3)鼓励学生主动学会理财

兼职工作赚钱的坏处：

1)为了钱，学生花费太多精力和时间在兼职工作上

2)有了钱，开始浪费乱花

范文：

To enrich experience and expand outlook, youngsters have many options, including volunteer jobs, part-time jobs and community activities. Among all these choices, paid part-time jobs are especially beneficial for students aging from 16 to 19 who need the money to partially realize financial independence and accumulate work experience.

To begin with, the income from part-time jobs, though not much, allows students to have some money at their own disposal or even alleviate economic pressure of the family. It is natural that students at this age need money for both their school life and social life. At school, they may want to buy a book unavailable in the library that a teacher mentions in the class. After school, money is also needed for students to pay for social activities and parties, such as food, tools, tickets and membership dues. However, it is more or less embarrassing to frequently ask for money from parents who are economically stressful. Therefore, the money students earn from part-time jobs can easily solve the problem. For instance, by working in the Starbuck near school for one semester, the student is even able to save enough money for the summer camp which otherwise is unaffordable for parents.

Secondly, the paid part-time job seems the best way for students to acquire work experience and nurture sense of responsibility. Undoubtedly, money paid by employers serves as the powerful incentives that encourage students to make more efforts. In particular, when their performance is praised or punished, they will have better understanding of professional ethics and job responsibility. All these are beneficial and meaningful for students’ future career development. For instance, by working in a restaurant as a waiter, the student is able to improve communication skills, obtain knowledge of catering industry, and cultivate service awareness. The tips earned from customers are clear indicator of their performance and effective incentive bonus for better services. This experience enables the student to be more competitive in future job market.

To sum up, it is meaningful for students aging from 16 to 19 to earn money from part-time jobs, so as to achieve financial independence and accumulate work experience.

20171112托福独立写作题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It is necessary for students aging from 16 to 19 to take paid part-time jobs.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

托福写作：复习建议 篇5

1)减少二氧化碳等有害物质排放

2)减少煤矿和石油矿井

保护自然：

自然保护公园，保护生态平衡，尤其是濒危物种

限制污染：

规范工厂的生产行为，减少有害物质的排放

范文：

As governments gradually increase awareness on environment protection and the negative consequence of developing economy at the expense of environment, measures have been taken to reverse the trend of environment deterioration. In my mind, to support the research and development of clean energy is a better option compared with the preservation of natural places and legislation on pollution.

To begin with, one of the reasons why the application of clean energy boasts bright prospect is that it can reduce pollution radically. It is widely known that the burning of coals is responsible for the release of carbon dioxide, the major culprit of greenhouse effect, and other toxic chemical elements causing pollutions, including air pollution and acid rains. What is worse, the pollution knows no boundary and spreads globally. However, Environment friendly energies, like wind power, solar power and water power, generate little pollution, though require much financial support for research and initial installation. When these energies are widely applied by households and especially factories, not only will the total amount of pollutants decrease, the costs will also decline due to the large scale effect. This is surely more effective than enacting laws to restrain companies’ behavior, as it directly helps companies avoid pollution in production.

Secondly, when the technology of environment friendly energy is mature enough to replace fossil fuels, much land will be saved from exploitation. Currently, there are numerous coal mines and oil wells in existence or under construction. For the building of each mine or well, people claim much land in surrounding areas and take away habitats from local plants and animals. Even worse, the pollution caused by exploitation or accidents will deprive much larger area of land and claim more lives in the wild. On the contrary, the development of clean energy imposes much less pressure on local environment. For example, the land occupied by wind farm can be used for grazing cattle. The leasing land for wind turbines allows farmers and ranchers to earn more money. Therefore, with less land used by coal mines or oil wells, more natural placed will be conserved.

To sum up, a better proposal to protect environment is to support clean energy whose wide application can both cope with pollution and preserve natural places.

20171118托福独立写作题目：

The government can take a variety of actions to help protect the environment. Which one of the following do you think is the most important for the nation’s government to take to protect the environment:

1 fund the research to develop environmentally friendly energy sources such as solar and wind energy

2 preserve the natural places like forests and protect the animals that live there

3 enforce laws to prevent the pollution of air and water by large companies

透视托福综合写作常见误区 篇6

题型及评分标准

托福写作共分为两部分：综合写作和独立写作。综合写作的考查形式相对复杂：考生先要用三分钟的时间看一篇200～300词的阅读材料，然后再听一段与阅读材料相关的时长为两分钟的录音，最后结合二者的内容写一篇文章。综合写作看似很复杂，但其实并不难。考生只要听力过关，把握好综合写作的评分标准和考核要求，还是很有可能在这一单项上拿到满分的。下面笔者就来介绍一下综合写作的评分标准。

《新托福考试官方指南》（The Official Guide to the New TOEFL iBT，后文简称“OG”）对托福综合写作给出的5分评分标准如下：“A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized， and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connection.”从字面上看，此标准提出了两个要求：①考生在写作时要完整阐述阅读材料及录音中的内容；②文章结构要完整，可以偶尔出现一些语言上的小错误，但不能影响句意及逻辑的表达。

很多考生在综合写作上失分，原因就在于没有仔细研究评分标准，没弄清楚这一单项的考核要求。由此一来，考生犯了很多不该犯的错误，其原有的水平发挥不出来，自然得不到理想的分数。

常见误区剖析

为了帮助考生获得高分，下面笔者就重点分析一下考生在托福综合写作应考中经常出现的一些误区。

1.记笔记=逐词听记

很多考生在做综合写作时都有一个疑惑：录音部分的笔记到底要记什么？大多数考生在听录音时，总想把每个词都记下来，唯恐漏掉一个。但其实，任何人都无法在这么短的时间里把每一个词都记下来。此外，过于注重单个单词的记录反而会令考生漏掉一些关键信息，甚至搞不清录音材料的逻辑，进而导致失分。

其实，关于笔记要记什么，OG上已有明确的表述：“A response at this level successfully selects the important information …”这句话里用的是“important”而非“all”，说明考生只需记主要信息，而无需“词词俱到”。有的考生会问：“是不是我只要记录音的主要观点就可以了？”答案同样是“非也”。OG的4分评分标准中有这么一句：“… but it may have minor omission， inaccuracy， vagueness， or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading …”这句话表明，除points以外，考生还要记一些content，即说话人是怎么论证/驳斥阅读材料中的观点的，举了什么例子等。如果这些内容没能体现在考生的写作中，就算观点都写全了，考生最多也只能得4分。对应新托福的评分标准，失掉的这1分原始分相当于最终成绩的6分。

因此，根据OG中5分和4分的评分标准，考生可以清晰地看到ETS （美国教育考试服务中心）对记笔记的要求，即记录主要观点、论证方式和例证。至于那些细枝末节，有了当然更好，没有也不至于失分。不过，考生在记笔记时，也不能只是记个大方向而已，还要尽力记全那些关键的细节。

2.综合写作是小作文，不必在意语言质量

托福综合写作中，ETS对纯语言的考查要求明显低于独立写作，考生通过对比两者的评分标准即可见端倪。独立写作的评分标准对于答案的词、句、段、结构都有详细的要求，而在综合写作的评分标准中，关于语言的要求只有一条，即well-organized。这是因为综合写作重点考核的并非语言能力，而是考生抓取信息的能力。其实，综合写作的考查形式很接近美国大学真正的上课模式，即在课前阅读大量的材料，然后去听老师讲课的内容，回来后自己消化吸收，最后通过写课程论文来呈现自己的学习成果。“消化吸收”才是学习的主要目的，而“写作”的形式其实没那么重要。

正因为如此，很多考生会将综合写作视为“小作文”，答题时不重视这部分的语言质量。殊不知，很多考生都曾因综合写作的语言不过关而失分。为此，考生在答题时，务必要注意以下两点。

①大量的、影响考官理解的语言错误一定会被扣分。OG的4分评分标准中有这么一句：“A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors， as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.”这句话表明，如果考生的答案中频繁出现一些小的语言错误，影响考官对写作内容的理解，考生会因此而失掉1分。

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②逻辑连接词非常重要。尽管OG五档评分标准的内容都不相同，但每一档评分标准的最后都特别提到了connection of ideas。这就说明考官需要的是一篇文章，而非观点和事实的堆砌。考生需要利用逻辑连接词，将阅读和录音材料中的观点及事实连成一篇文章。考生要切记：综合写作的辞藻不必太华丽，但要尽量避免语言错误，文章的逻辑关系一定要清楚。

综合写作中常用的逻辑连接词有以下几种。

驳斥：refute、disagree with、cast doubt on、challenge、oppose、conflict with、deny the statement of、contradict等；

支持：support、enhance、uphold等；

转折：in contrast、however、on the other hand、on the contrary、while等；

列举：first、second、third、first of all、secondly、also、finally、in the first place、furthermore、moreover等。

解答综合写作时，考生若能巧妙运用这些逻辑连接词，将所看和所听到的内容融为一体，写就一篇逻辑清晰、内容完整、“有血有肉”的文章，那在综合写作部分拿到满分就成了轻而易举之事。下面请看托福模考软件TPO第12套题的一篇例文，体会逻辑连接词的作用。

The speaker challenges the passage on the topic of the portrait of Jane Austen， offering contradictory evidence concerning whether the subject of this professional painting is Jane Austen herself.

First of all， the family members of Austen did not know for certain if the portrait was Austen or not. Despite the content from the author that Austen’s family gave permission to use the portrait as an illustration in an edition of her letters， the speaker， however， brings forward the alternative proof that Jane Austen had been dead for almost 70 years when the portrait was authorized for use in the 1882 publication of letters and none of the members of Austen’s family had seen the portrait in person before.

Contrary to the writer’s statement that the face in the portrait clearly resembles the one in Cassandra’s sketch which we know depicts Austen， the narrator argues that the painting could be one of Austen’s. Moreover， the Austen family is large. Many of the female cousins of Jane Austen were teenagers. Some of these teenage girls could resemble Jane Austen， and meanwhile many experts believed that the true subject of the portrait was one of these relatives.

Another argument raised in the lecture is that there is other evidence pointing out that this painting is of a later date， and this directly contradicts what is stated in the passage. The lecturer explains that the stamp on the back of the picture indicates that the material of this painting was canvas which started to sell in London when Jane Austen was 27 years old. Consequently， the canvas was used for painting at the time when Austen was clearly older than the girl in the portrait.

So， the contents in the passage are contradicted by the lecturer and the lecturer has totally different ideas on the points made in the passage.

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3.综合写作= summary

部分考生误以为综合写作就是一篇summary，只要总结了阅读和录音材料中的观点就够了，其实不然。综合写作要求考生写的是一篇分析类的文章，这就更需要考生表达清楚文章的逻辑，特别是阅读和录音材料之间的关系。考生可以通过下面这篇TPO第22套题的例文中的划线部分来体会怎样清楚地表达二者之间的关系。

The speaker and the passage have contradictory opinions concerning the usage of ethanol fuel. Three pieces of evidence offered by the speaker have effectively questioned the related reasons held in the passage. （首先清楚表明阅读和录音材料之间是统一还是矛盾的关系）

First of all， although one disadvantage from the passage is （后文是对阅读材料观点的详尽阐述） that burning ethanol fuel releases carbon dioxide， which is a kind of greenhouse gas， into the atmosphere， the speaker， however， challenges this information by alternative proof （后文是对录音观点及关键细节的描述） that the growing of plants such as corn may absolutely counteract the greenhouse gas by absorbing most of it for its own survival. The amount of carbon dioxide released is less than the amount absorbed， so that there is no need to be afraid that ethanol fuel will aggravate global warming.

Besides， according to the speaker （后文继续补充录音中的重要内容）， using corn to produce ethanol fuel will not risk reducing the food sources for animals because through using advanced technology， we can obtain a kind of plant which can be used to make the ethanol fuel and， at the same time， animals do not eat it. This totally casts doubt on the point in the passage （再次阐明录音材料与阅读材料之间的关系） that since most of the corn is used to produce ethanol fuel， there will not be sufficient food for animals.

Finally， despite the proof of the passage （补充阅读材料中的例证） that the price of the ethanol fuel will be higher than common fuel in the future when the government stops their support， the speaker effectively weakens the validity of this view by stating the fact （补充录音材料中的例证） that the more consumers buy ethanol fuel， the more is produced and， as a result of the help of the government， the lower and more affordable its price will be in the future.

通过上述例文考生会发现，仅仅通过一些简单的逻辑连接词将阅读和录音材料的观点结合起来，突显出二者之间的统一或矛盾关系，这是远远不够的。结合OG评分标准考生不难发现，除了总结阅读和录音材料之间的关系，考生还要写出很多具体的论证细节，这对考生的总结能力提出了更高的要求。由此可见，综合写作绝不是简单的summary。

OG的重要性

根据上述内容考生可以看出，尽管OG的评分标准看上去都是一些貌似无关痛痒的话，但其实深究下去，ETS的考官们早已把考试要求写在了字里行间。这就需要考生细细研读，仔细钻研，揣摩考官的用意，对症下药，同时搞清楚得分点在哪里，如此方能轻松应对。

考生若想知道考官到底想考什么，也只能依靠OG，因为这是仅有的一本应考“圣经”。以前曾有很多考生将OG粗粗看一遍，然后扔在一边，觉得自己了解了题型就可以了，反正上面的题目也不会再考，看了也没用。而事实上，OG的作用绝不仅仅是告知题型这么简单，它同时还给出了备考的思路和方向。考生如果不重视OG，花再多的时间啃书、做题也是事倍功半。由此可见，正确、细致地解读评分标准还是相当重要的。

综上所述，考生备考托福综合写作的确不是容易的事。综合写作是要求很高的一个单项，不仅考查考生的阅读能力和听力水平，同时又以写作的形式来考查考生的逻辑、总结概括能力以及写作能力。不过，考生想要达到满分的目标也并非难如登天。考生只要踏实、努力、坚持不懈，按照评分标准的指向认真备考，多做练习，就能在综合写作上取得佳绩。最后，祝愿各位考生早日获得托福高分，叩开美国留学的大门。