茶花女的英文读书笔记

茶花女的英文读书笔记（共8篇）

茶花女的英文读书笔记 篇1

爱始终是一个比较敏感并被世人颂扬的话题之一。而正因其敏感性，痴情和误解随处可见，所以里面有了很多令人为之洒泪的故事。有些人有情人终成眷属，白头偕老。而有些人最终无缘在一起，甚至要为爱牺牲。而活下来的人最终要活下去，不仅仅是为自己，也是为剩下的那些爱自己的人和自己爱的人。

据作者称，《茶花女》是一部真实性作品。也有很多人说这是小仲马描写得其真实生活。只不过在作品中他是以第三者来讲述这个故事的，但在讲述过程中，他又借用了阿尔芒的口吻。所以故事情节仍然清晰感人。

女主人公玛格丽特原是一名不该有真实爱情的风尘女子。但因感于男主人公阿尔芒对自己所做的事而对其产生了真挚的爱情。爱情的开始，由于经济的缘故玛格丽特不得不拥有其他的情夫。后来随着两人情感的发展，他们更加相爱。由于阿尔芒偶尔会因自己在家中接待其他男士而焦躁不安，所以玛格丽特便尽量不接待其他男士，甚至后来与其搬到乡村居住不久又和公爵断绝了来往。这样两人便度过了一生中最美好的日子。玛格丽特在此之前过着灯红酒绿的日子。但她为了阿尔芒放弃了那种繁华的生活。这是一个巨大的牺牲。但她以后还将会有一个更巨大的牺牲。阿尔芒则想尽一切办法来弄的金钱以补偿玛格丽特为自己所做的牺牲。后来甚至不惜将母亲留给自己的年金转到玛格丽特的身上。但人料不如天料，就在两个人想在巴黎从新生活时，杜瓦尔先生这个理性的代表出现了。在和杜瓦尔先生的一番谈话后，玛格丽特不得已离开了阿尔芒。而阿尔芒则误以为玛格丽特背叛了自己而打击挑剔玛格丽特。最终身心疲惫的玛格丽特因肺病而亡，阿尔芒则从新回到了父亲的身边。

自从杜瓦尔先生到达巴黎，悲剧便开始了。不过，悲剧的酿造者是杜瓦尔先生吗?与其说是杜瓦尔先生的不得已挑拨，不如说是现实的无奈和两人的真爱。前者指的是人的一生中不仅仅需要爱情，还需要财富地位等等。另外，玛格丽特是一个风尘女子，和她生活在一起是侮辱杜瓦尔这个姓氏的行为。后者则指玛格丽特太爱阿尔芒了，以至于她不得以他的前途为重，甚至要独自一人忍受阿尔芒的侮辱，而阿尔芒又太爱玛格丽特了，以至于爱极生恨，最终使自己遗憾终生。

这是一部非常感人的作品，他们的爱应该不逊于罗密欧与朱丽叶的爱。只不过他们的爱比较现实，而少了许多无知与任性。阿尔芒最终回到了父亲的身边。玛格丽特在信中说了，她是为了阿尔芒能有一个灿烂的前程才离开的他。他要努力的生活，不能辜负了玛格丽特对自己的期待。

“人一旦有了真正的爱，便没有了虚荣心”是是玛格丽特的一句非常有哲理的话。是呀，如果你真心喜欢一个人，会顾及她的身份外貌吗，你还有什么不值得为她割舍的呢?

有一点我觉得应该指出，玛格丽特因现时的无奈离开了阿尔芒，我们不应认为爱情是脆弱的，而应从中知道在恋爱时要保持头脑清醒，不能只顾一时之欢，应该考虑自己的前途以及给周围的人带来的影响。

茶花女的英文读书笔记 篇2

1 Theory and Methodology

When it comes to the writer determinism theory, it is quite necessary for us to mention George Louis Leclerc de Buffon, who is a French naturalist and theoretical biologist.He has proposed his views on how to perceive styles, which are the reflection of narrators or writers’thoughts.He has put his emphasis on the authors themselves.He holds the idea that stylistic styles are determined by the authors.What is more specifically is that it is the author’s subjective world that determines the stylistic style.He has confirmed the existence of personal parole, which means each individual owns his unique feature of language use.By analyzing the author’s stylistic feature in his works, we can obtain his distinct ways of writing and then make further evaluation of his literary achievement.

2 Absolute Order

Buffon considers styles as the orders and arrangement of transference of narrators’thoughts.The real eloquence is not just a kind of skill or a language gift or playing with words.It comes from the reasonable arrangement of one’s own thoughts.Knowing how to use words only is far from the possession of styles, but merely a shadow of them.The writer should first of all keep a more general and absolute order in his mind before writing.As for the absolute order of the thought, it must take some components as prerequisite, which are all semantic components.In The Notebook, Nicolas Sparks has a clear understanding of his writing order, which has reflected his experienced writing skill.

2.1 The manipulation of semantic roles and points of view

Semantic roles are of great importance in a literary work.Both the narrator and characters in the work are the reflection of the author’s thoughts.The author usually makes a choice of a certain role structure to illustrate a certain world view.The analysis of these role structures could contribute us to learn about the narrator and how the characters in the work see the world from their perspectives.

From The Notebook, we can find out the author’s subtle arrangement.The narrative structure of the novel is not stereotypical and unchanged.The fact is, it is changing in a natural way based on the flow of thoughts.The first chapter of this novel“Miracles”is narrated by the male protagonist when he is quite old and in the first person point of view.The first person narrator is usually the main character of the work.The author’s choice of the first person point of view could narrow the gap between the readers and establish a closer friendship with them.“Who am I?And how, I wonder, will this story end?The sun has come up and I am sitting by a window that is foggy with the breath of a life, gone by.” (The Notebook, P.1) In a special nursing home by the lake, as“I”grow into my twilight years, I keep telling“our”stories to my companion and“I”eagerly hope that a miracle would happen.The author has left the readers suspense at the beginning of the novel in order to arouse the interest of them and allures them to read on and to find what will happen in the end.Who is this male protagonist anyway?Why does he insist of reading the notebook year after year?When we read on, we find a sudden change of narration in chapter two“Coast”with a third person point of view.

This employment of point of view has a wider scope and is suitable for describing objective details step by step.That is the way the author adopts to present the whole story vividly and to make comments to it.At the same time, the time has come to the past, right before her wedding.“It was early October 1946, and Noah Calhoun watched the fading sun sink lower from the wraparound porch of his plantation-style home.” (The Notebook, P.7) In this chapter, the author first narrates the male protagonist’s condition from his perspective and we can have an insight into his behavior and thinking.Then the author has shifted the narrative point of view to the female protagonist’s.Her mixed feelings are presented vividly on paper.We may read these lines excerpted from The Notebook, P.15.“Earlier that evening and a hundred miles away, she sat alone on the porch swing of her parents’home, one leg crossed beneath her.The seat had been slightly damp when she sat down;rain had fallen earlier, hard and stinging, but the clouds were fading now and she looked past them, toward the stars, wondering if she’d made the right decision.”The world is different in the eyes of different people.The author is intended to make a change, which not only has strengthened the artistic expressive force, but also has shown his profound writing skills.

We may notice that not until we turn to page 22 of this novel can we first find the female protagonist’s name, “Allie.His Allie.”, which is purposefully arranged by the author.Before that, the author always uses“she”instead of her real name.It has created a sense of mysteriousness of her.We also know that“she”must be the very important person to him who has taken his breath away.Beside the subtle workings of semantic roles, the author has used juxtaposition skillfully to portray the images of the two main characters vividly.In the end of the novel, the author has adopted the old protagonist’s tone to narrate again and returned to the first person point of view.From“my”narration, we are completely touched by this ordinary people’s extraordinary and moving love story.We are so indulged in it due to the author’s natural and nearly perfect arrangement of his thoughts which reflects his talented narrative techniques.

After reading the whole story, we may find out that excerpt for the first half and the last part of the book, the main body is narrated from the third person point of view.The narrative structure remains almost unchanged and the story is told in the most straightforward manner in plain language.As for some scenes, the author goes into too many details.For instance, he has written as long as 40 pages telling the readers of what has happened within just several hours Allie spent in Noah’s house right before her wedding.The narrative structure is too plain and lack of originality.It sounds like a long boring story.This is what one of the shortcomings of this novel lies.

2.2 The manipulation of ideational function of language

Having read up the sentences of the text carefully, we may find out that the writer has succeeded in applying ideational function of language to portray the characters in his novel.When Allie ended her visit and decided to go back home, Noah was very sad and his heart was broken.As for this, the author has deliberately employed a series of free indirect thoughts and the perfect tense to show Noah’s sadness.It seems that Noah had done nothing, but actually he was filled with deep sorrow.“And sometime after midnight on that clear October evening, it all rushed inward and Noah was overcome with longing.And if anyone had seen him, they would have seen what looked like an old man, someone who’d aged a lifetime in just a couple of hours.Someone bent over in his rocker with his face in his hands and tears in his eyes.He didn’t know how to stop them.” (The Notebook, P.71) He felt as if there were a knife piercing his heart.Undoubtedly, he is not only experiencer but also patient of the whole thing.The author does this to keep us from losing sympathy with him.

3 Sublime

Buffon’s so-called permanent personal style which takes description as a whole is the sublime style.Only the“sublime”style could express the noblest and the most significant titles.In his view, if a writer intends to write a good work, he must choose a sublime title, not a vulgar one.And for Nicholas Sparks, he is skilled in writing love stories.No matter how time changes, love is always an eternal topic.Is love sublime?Definitely it is.But some people may think that love stories will always fall into stereotypes that the two protagonists finally get married and live happily ever after.The earthly vulgarness does harm to the nobleness of love.But on this point, Nicholas Sparks has won again.The plot of The Notebook becomes more revealing and moving as we read on.It is like a miracle out of ordinariness.

3.1 The subtle workings of authorial tone

A great classic should be soul-revealing and capable of touching the emotions of its readers.In this regard, Nicholas Sparks is a total experienced master hand.The reputation of the king of American pure love novels is the best proof of that.When we read his words, we will be immersed in a simple, bright, light yet dense emotion immediately.He is like a knight wandering about the world of vast and numerous words.He gives live expressions of unspeakable feelings between countryside and mind, romance and life and death through an easy and relaxed way.The readers will be fascinated by his words that give out a fresh smell of the rural earth, and the everlasting love between Noah and Allie in complete harmony, and be entangled with Allie’s choice in dilemma, and be greatly moved by Noah’s deed of year after year’s telling his Allie their love diaries until she occasionally recovers her lost memory.

The author has attached a storm of affection when creating this novel.We may feel the strong emotional power of it after analyzing its authorial tone.It can not be denied that all the characters and events in it are coined by the author.But he has succeeded in keeping the authorial tone accord with the content.We may not help doubting the truth of the story sometimes;however, it could be proven true.Through the process of reading, we are unconsciously affected by the subtle authorial tone.We gradually draw closer to the author’s world view and value.Why are we touched?It is because we accept his attitude and stand for his view point.In the end of the novel, when Noah stumblingly climbs Allie’s sickbed, the author writes:“I feel the warmth of her body, and as our tongues meet, I allow myself to slip away, as I had so many years ago.I close my eyes and become a mighty ship in churning waters, strong and fearless, and she is my sails.I gently trace the outline of her cheek, and then take her hand in mine.I kiss her lips, her cheeks, and listen as she takes a breath.She murmurs softly, “Oh, Noah...I’ve missed you.”Another miracle—the greatest of all!And there’s no way I can stop the tears as we begin to slip toward heaven itself.For at that moment, the world is full of wonder as I feel her fingers reach for the buttons on my shirt and slowly, even so slowly, she begins to undo them one by one.” (The Notebook, P.199) When reading these lines, we are all deeply moved by the author’s subtle workings of authorial tone.How delicate and touching his words are!Whether they are exaggerated or not, we tend to believe the story to be true, and that is the great power of true love.We are so engaged in reading this novel that we are reluctant to put down the book even we have finished reading it.It is not a simple love story anymore, but it turns to be an extraordinary unforgettable experience.This is the effect that the author is trying to achieve, and he did it.

However, we should also notice that the love described in the novel is confined between two people who have spent their whole lives in fulfilling love obligations.It is a pity that the author does not extend the love to a height of the love of a nation or even the love of universal people.From this perspective, the vision of the author is not broadened enough, and which can be attributed as one limitation that hinders his work from becoming a world classic.

3.2 The author’s preference in diction

The great and classic works can only be found under noble titles, such as“law of nature, general creatures, space, substance movement and time, soul, thinking, sentiment and lust”.One must have a thorough understanding of the theme and clear view of the interrelation of his own thoughts if he wishes to speak well and write well.

A good writing involves the process of contemplation, experience and most of all, his preference in diction.

In The Notebook, several of subjects that Buffon has mentioned can be seen.Its style is fresh and clean.It seems that we are walking in a charming painting as we read this novel.The long-waited breath from the countryside, the everlasting sun, the moon and the stars, the idyllic sceneries, beautiful lakes and mountains, going boating to watch the sunrise in the early morning, playing with water in a river in a rainy day, listening to the insects flicking in the evening, and all those lively and vivid sceneries among lines have given out a smell of freshness and are closely connected with the author’s sensibility to his hometown When it comes to lust, many people are inclined to avoid it.But in the eyes of the author, it is a normal phenomenon.Lust is indispensable even in the noblest love.The author extols the passionate love without any hesitation in his novel.“They gave in then to everything they had fought the last fourteen years.Allie lifted her head off his shoulder, looked at him with hazy eyes and Noah kissed her softly on the lips.She brought her hand to his face and touched his cheek, brushing it softly with her fingers.He leaned in slowly and kissed her again, still soft and tender, and she kissed back, feeling the years of separating dissolve into passion.” (The Notebook, P.114) The seemingly vulgar lus becomes quite natural and is full of passion under the author’s pen, and this is also one of the reasons why his novels are bestsellers.

Reading Nicholas’words, we may find them contracted bu meaningful in style.Different writers have diverse preference in diction.As for him, he favors concrete nouns and adjectives.A few words, just like a sketch, and the character is portrayed vividly on paper.The few use of abstract words makes his work easy to follow and more readable.“With his shirt tucked loosely into old faded jeans, she could see the same broad shoulders she remembered, tapering down to narrow hips and a flat stomach.He was tan, too, as if he’d worked outside all summer, and though his hair was a little thinner and lighter than she remembered, he looked the same as he had when she’d known him last.” (The Notebook, P.33) The author does this to keep us from perceiving characters to be untouchable.

From the syntactical perspective, Nicholas has a preference in using loose sentences.We can read on his words smoothly without any difficulty.This also contributes to one of the reasons why his works are popular around the world.“She found her pocketbook and car keys, and then picked up the room key.She turned it over in her hand a couple of times, thinking, you’ve come this far, don’t give up now, and almost left then, but instead sat on the bed again.She checked her watch.Almost six o’clock.She knew she had to leave in a few minutes--she didn’t want to arrive after dark, but she needed a little more time.” (The Notebook, P.19)

We must aware that Nicholas’literature is a kind of popular literature.Since his words are faithful in meaning, vivid in description and plain in style, it is suitable for the public and tends to be very popular.If compared to those masterpieces for appreciation from the view of literature and art, his works are of less perfection and a little“immature”.

4 Contrast

It is a way to highlight the expression of one aspect of a subject and take the rest as less important and thus give less prominence to it.As for this aspect, the author has made great efforts.In his mind, he knows that if he wants to emphasize the greatness of Allie and Noah’s love, he must create certain things which are evocative in order to resonate people’s emotions.As Allie and Noah are both ordinary people, too many descriptions of their daily trifles do more harm than good to the revelation of the theme.When Allie’s wedding is approaching, she goes to Noah’s house alone.Her action has forever changed all people’s fates.This is the turning point of their lives.Thus, the author has written more words to describe the situation in great details.Beside, there is also an exclusive form of expression which is originated by the author.In the novel, the author has frequently used the letter style to convey messages, and sometimes it has even replaced common narration.It seems to be more sincere in emotion and has added solemnness to the protagonists’love.The author has successfully proven the greatness of their love by highlighting the twists and turns of it.Other information of their lives which is less significant thus can only be found in the letters or it is just omitted.We may read something about their marriage life from the excerpt of the letters.For example, in one paragraph of their letters for their first wedding anniversary, it reads:“When I see you now--moving slowly with new life growing inside you--I hope you know how much you mean to me, and how special this year has been.No man is more blessed then me, and I love you with all my heart.” (The Notebook, P.158) Another paragraph in another letter goes that“In times of grief and sorrow, I will hold you and rock you, and take your grief and make it my own.When you cry I cry, and when you hurt, I hurt.And together we will try to hold back the floods of tears and despair and make it through the potholed streets of life.” (The Notebook, P.159) Even though these are not the main aspect of the story, we may strongly feel the details of their existence and their prominent personalities.It is not a easy job to do that.

But it is unwise to over-emphasize one aspect of the subject and ignore other aspects, which will result a disjoint of narration and lack of coherence.What’s more, too much description of the twists and turns of the feelings between Allie and Noah may make the readers feel heavy-hearted and lose positive attitude.It is important for the author to know how to balance each aspect in a reasonable way.

5 Conclusion

There are many ways of interpreting a certain work of a certain writer.It is undoubtedly feasible to analyze the bestselling novelist Nicholas Sparks’representative The Notebook under the framework of writer determinism theory according to the English of fiction.By analyzing both the author and the text, we may have an insight into the author’s writing style, and are capable of explaining the reasons why his works are bestsellers around the world.At the same time, we may reveal some shortcomings which hinder his works from becoming world classics.Though it is not a classic, it stays“classic”to some extent.Its brilliance will leave in the innermost heart of each one who reads it.We may quote a sentence from the novel:“I once have loved one person, with my heart and soul.For me, that’s enough.”And I would like to pu it this way:I once have read a book, with my heart and soul.As

参考文献

[1]Bradford R.Stylistics[M].London:Routledge, 1997.

[2]Crystal D, Davy D.Investigating English Style[M].London:Long man, 1969.

[3]Leech G N, Short M H.Style in Fiction[M].London:Longman, 1981.

[4]Nicholas Sparks.The Notebook[M].Warner Books, 2004.

[5]Wright L, Jonathan Hope.Stylistics:A Practical Coursebook[M].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.

[6]胡壮麟.理论文体学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2000.

[7]秦秀白.英语语体和文体要略[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002.

[8]钱瑗.实用英语文体学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2011.

《登天的感觉》读书笔记 篇3

在刚接触心理學的时候，对它充满了好奇，并在老师的推荐下看了《登天的感觉》这本书，于是对心理咨询充满了兴趣，以为自己懂得了很多。然而在两年过后，学习了很多理论，也参加了心理咨询师三级的考试，我开始感到一阵的迷茫和无措。总觉得各种心理咨询的理论在脑子里打转，我应该在咨询中怎么做？怎么样才是有效的心理咨询？我应该怎样去避免那些咨询中常犯的错误？怎么样才能使自己的咨询不落入俗套--不是说教，不是劝慰？一系列的问题让我在面对心理咨询时感到退缩与胆怯。这时我又拿起了这本书，重新开始细细阅读。有人说，书应该反复阅读，才能看出其中真味。在这本非学术专著的心理学读物里，我得到了一种前所未有的豁朗和启发。

《登天的感觉》是岳晓东博士在哈佛大学作心理咨询的一本咨询案例集。他精选了10个在哈佛大学期间做的、较有代表性咨询案例，来告诉读者自己对心理咨询的方法理论和体会，及在咨询中常遇到的问题，利用深入浅出的表达方式介绍了心理咨询的基本理论和方法。虽然这是一本非学术专著，但却可以纠正非心理学人士对心理咨询的误解以及引导一般咨询者咨询过程中走出常见误区，又可以让心理学工作者对心理咨询有更深入理解。该书的篇幅不长，但在10个案例里却已经涵盖了心理咨询许多方面，包括对人本疗法，分析方法，行为疗法，认知疗法，现实疗法，格式塔疗法，交叉疗法等心理咨询与治疗的主要流派及其方法的解释。而且岳晓东博士把心理咨询的理论巧妙地贯穿在各个案例中，显得具体形象生动易懂，同时他还把心理咨询中遇到的问题与解决的方法融会其中，令人深受启发。它被称为所有心理咨询爱好者的入门首选书，使国内成千上万的人对心理咨询开始有所了解，改变了很多人的生活。它的长期热销，证明了人们对真正优秀的心理学图书的渴求。

在书中，最先给我留下深刻印象的是岳晓东博士在乘飞机去美国波士顿大学求学的途中，他和一个美国心理咨询教授谈话的内容。从谈话中，岳晓东第一次听到了关于心理咨询的描述--那就是登天的感觉。 “感到在腾云驾雾”，“感到自己站在世界之顶”，“自我感觉良好”……而也正因为这种描述，使人不由想一步步了解蒙着一层神秘面纱的心理咨询的真正面目。在读书的过程中，我禁不住被岳晓东博士那种细致入微的工作态度所打动，同时也深深的感动与他那种帮助别人疏导心理，带来幸福，助人自助而拥有的“登天的感觉”！

“我恨我自己，我实在太愚蠢了”，“我们的爱情还有救吗？”……这些日常生活中随处可见的问题，妨碍着我们对幸福的追求。人生的幸福不是金钱名利的角逐，本来自于我们内心的平静，天堂原本就存在于每个人的心中。在处理这些心理案例的过程中，作者展现了心理咨询的神奇技巧--原来一个人的人生道路可能因为几句话而改变！日常生活中的许多问题实际都是心理问题。这让我又仿佛重新从心理咨询中得到帮助别人的力量！还记得老师问过我们，觉得做心理咨询的人都是什么样的人？我们答了许多各种各样的答案。不过老师笑一笑，说：“我们都是善良的人。”是啊，拥有一颗善良的心，去给人帮助，这不就是我们心理咨询人员的初衷吗？然而心理咨询之妙，就在于他帮助了一个人，却让那个人感到自己帮助了自己。这便是只有我们自己才能体验到的快乐与力量。

在学习心理咨询的过程中，老师说过可以多种心理理论的灵活运用，你觉得哪种适合就用哪种。《登天的感觉》通过案例分析让人感到心理咨询并不是简单的某一理论的运用，而要具体问题具体分析。例如在《万般内疚为了谁》中，本来岳晓东博士运用的是现实疗法，但是后来发现来访者还是无法调节自己的心理问题，后来运用分析疗法终于发掘出问题的根源。在《问你是否还爱我》中作者主要运用了认知疗法但是在咨询的过程中，作者穿插了分析疗法。当我们在处理个案的时候，如何正确选用相应的心理理论，需要我们有相当扎实的理论基础以及个案咨询经验。这还有点像练习武功的境界，充分掌握各种理论，在运用的过程中，于无形在有形之中，以有形变无形之法。好像有人说过，最厉害的咨询方法就是已经没有具体理论方法了，可见各个理论都融会贯通了。

很多事情，“知”与“做”是两码事，心理咨询亦然。学过心理咨询的人一般都知道：在咨询中不是劝慰，不是给建议，不是帮忙做决定。但是很多人在咨询过程中还是不自觉或自觉地犯这样的错误。在《登天的感觉》中，岳晓东也很坦白地告诉读者他在心理咨询中遇到的问题以及犯的一些错误，例如在《我想从哈佛大学转学》中，岳晓东就用自己的亲身经历谈了一个反移情倾向的问题。我想这是咨询者比较容易犯的一个错误，也是咨询中较难处理的一个问题。因为咨询的原则是：不要给来访者建议，不要帮来访者作决定，但是实际上现在所谓的咨询者可能会再自觉不自觉中就已经帮来访者作了决定。岳晓东在书中用自己的经历告诉读者：这些错误是很微妙的，它要求咨询者要细心，在咨询的时候必须时刻保持客观的态度，时刻注意自己咨询的原则是要“助人自助”！

总之，我觉得这是一本值得一读再读的心理咨询读物，因为每读一次你可能会有不同的体会，可能会有新的领悟。它告诉你什么才是真正的心理咨询。

十个案例一口气读下来，我也终于慢慢明白为什么此书的名字为“登天的感觉”。因为那些长期背负着沉重的心理问题的人们，在别人的帮助下重新找回了自己，从自卑自怜的地狱当中走出来，迈向自尊自信的天堂的时候，心中升腾的不就是一种登天的感觉吗？作者亲身感受着这些来访者一天天的开心起来，一天天成长起来，不也是一种登天的感觉吗？而读者从本书中不也是体验到一种像飞翔在云端般的美妙感受，那也是登天的感觉啊。

茶花女读书笔记 篇4

今天我真正领略了这部世界名著给人带来的震撼力，我的心在读后很久仍颤抖不已。我不知道几百年来它使多少人同情和伤心地落下了眼泪，但它确实让我长久不息地难过和同情。无疑，这是一段感人肺腑的，悲壮凄惨的，让人同情的，美好的爱情，尤其在十九世纪中期资产阶级社会早期世态炎凉中，赤裸裸金钱关系的那个社会，更让人赞叹不已。

没有华丽的文字，但那真挚的感情对白却让每一个有过恋爱经历的人身临其境，渐渐地把主人公与自己融为一体，能够设身处地地为他们的恋爱着想，为他们的欢乐而轻松，为他们的悲剧而沉重。

故事的内容我也不想多说了，但我被深深的感动了，我不在希望看到玛格丽特和阿尔芒这样的爱情了，小仲马用了最朴实的文字讲述了一段最感人的故事。感谢小仲马塑造了茶花女这样一个可悲却又可敬的美丽女子。然而，希望那已死去的花朵再次从泥土中萌芽、重生的时候，远离那阴暗的墙角，能每天和阳光为伴，即使不再那么美丽，也不要重复前世的悲剧。有人说小仲马笔下的玛格丽特是真有其人，那么这位美丽善良充满迷人色彩的女人，一定让他伤透了心，所以才会让阿尔芒代替他的心，忧郁的死去吧。多情而又充满智慧的小仲马先生，谢谢您为我讲诉了这么一个感人的爱情故事。

玛格丽特，一个那样桀骜不驯的女子，她沦落风尘，在繁花最盛的年岁里，本着自己如花的美貌过着表面浮华实则空虚的日子。上帝把阿尔芒，这样一个简单纯朴，仍然愿意相信爱情的青年送到了她身边。他执着，他坚贞，没有一丝动摇地守护着属于自己的一方净土，用世间最坚定最美妙的爱情，打动了玛格丽特高傲的心。

然而一个凄美的爱情故事总要以悲剧收场，才能体现出它的价值。所以小仲马让阿尔芒的父亲迪瓦尔来到玛格丽特同阿尔芒的爱巢，提出无理的请求：为了阿尔芒和他妹妹的姓氏，离开他。玛格丽特对阿尔芒的爱，让她接受了这个荒谬的要求。然后年华滔滔逝，待知晓真相的阿尔芒再回首，玛格丽特已然香消玉殒，留给他唯一的纪念，只是一本写满了爱意和伤痛的日记。

当玛格丽特为了阿尔芒的妹妹而放弃自己的爱情那一刻起，当阿尔芒因爱生恨利用奥林普恣意伤害玛格丽特那一刻起，一切就已经不可挽回。玛格丽特，一个世人眼中的，为了自己深爱的人，竟愿意那么傻，傻得无声息地离开，傻得放弃自己追求爱情的权利。

玛格丽特心中对阿尔芒的爱意，那么深那么浓，却无法倾诉无处宣泄，唯有将一切恨说，遗留在被病痛折磨时的每一个黑夜里。爱再浓，也终究，终究敌不过病痛和岁月，玛格丽特只能含恨与世长辞，留下了泪迹斑斑的一页页日记。这是多么凄怆的结束，所有悲壮爱情的毁灭，都从死亡开始。而阿尔芒至她死的那一刻，仍以为她只是一个水性杨花的，无情而不知廉耻地背叛了他坚贞的爱情。

这又是歌剧同原着的一个分隔点，歌剧里威尔第安排薇奥列塔在死前同阿尔弗雷德见上了最后一面，一切误会被解开，然而薇奥列塔的病已经无药可救，终于还是死在了阿尔弗雷德的怀中。威尔第想弥补些什么呢？让他们见上最后一面，圆了薇奥列塔最后的梦想吗？可是不不不啊，这已经不是那个悲情的玛格丽特，不是那个含恨逝世的玛格丽特。她同阿尔芒的爱情，就是要此生再不能有交集，才会那般凄美动人，才会流芳百世。

永记得阿尔芒于玛格丽特死后，来到她墓前坚持为她迁墓的情景。当棺盖被打开，看到玛格丽特那曾经让多少人迷醉的容颜已经腐烂，只剩窟窿的眼窝，烂掉的嘴唇，深陷的青灰色的脸颊，唯有那两排贝齿依然洁白如初，我的心同阿尔芒一样剧烈地颤抖，痛是那么凄厉，泪水涔涔地落。那时候，我还只是个欢天喜地的孩童，为了一块松软可口的棉花糖，愿意乖巧地坐在家中的长凳上，背诵唐诗三百首。而那是我第一次，知道什么叫离别。

然后时光匆匆，如今我已长成，二十岁，已经历过多少悲欢离合，那些生命里从不停歇的相遇和分离的循环，将人的心磨得长出厚厚的茧，再不容易被刺穿。再次回温《茶花女》，心中凄怆依然，眼角却已没有泪水。因为时间它一直如此：相爱的人见不到最后一面，伤心人捱不过最后一刻，到有情人终成眷属，不是另一半得先走一步，就是感情日久生分，一切都是时间作祟，一切都是时间的错。多少爱情，都是这般错过。

有评析家说，迪瓦尔是一个势利的人，非要因了一些浮华的名望，将两个相爱的人硬生生隔开。然他有什么错呢？可怜天下父母心，哪个做父亲的不爱自己的孩子？他不过也是，为了自己的儿女好。若非要说他有错，那也只是错在他不曾经历过这等深情的眷恋，故不知当他高举起手中父爱之斧，将二人紧紧相连的心肉一刀劈开时，阿尔芒的血，已经淋漓如柱。

是社会的错吧。有时我会想，如果玛格丽特和阿尔芒不是相遇在一个浮华空虚的社会里，他们大抵会过得很幸福吧。可是，若他们生活在一个开明的环境里，他们也许根本不会碰上，即便相遇了，也不能织出这般撼动人心的爱情。相遇在错误的季节里，爱情最是凄美。所以小仲马要玛格丽特至死，也不被阿尔芒所谅解。直到一切真相揭晓，命运却已经让他们天人相隔。

“山上的茶花开呀开，你曾走到山上来；那时候我奋不顾身，只为看一次花开。”玛格丽特，一个烟花风尘女子，顶着世俗的压力勇敢地接受了阿尔芒的爱情，却终于还是没能扼住命运的咽喉，任多少美好多少曾经，成为无可挽回的过去。她终于还是被上帝拖走，放开了阿尔芒温暖的手。

美丽，总是要付出代价的。当蝴蝶破茧而出，她唯美的爱情，已经时日不多。于是，玛格丽特必然要成为上流社会的牺牲品，成为凋谢的山茶花。

一直很想为《茶花女》写点什么，只无奈于笔下生涩，深怕自己这杆拙笔，亵渎了玛格丽特与阿尔芒之间的爱情，今天总算是写了出来，却依然无法表达出我内心万分之一的敬与痛。

即便茶花已谢，但我深信，玛格丽特和阿尔芒纯洁的爱情之花，将永远在人们心间怒放。此情已逝，而吾心长记。阿尔芒，阿尔芒，我曾为你那么傻，可我怎么能让你知道。

茶花女读书笔记 篇5

“爱情”这一话题椅子是文学创作不可缺少得。在小仲马得笔下描绘得爱情并不会让人感到尴尬、羞涩得，而我在通过阅读他得描写，看到得是真挚、纯洁得爱情。

文中女主人公玛格丽特得形象让我为之感动。作者并不忌讳她身上娼得习性：爱过豪华，放荡得生活，经常狂饮滥饮。也正是这样真实得形象，让我觉得故事得真实加情感描绘得细腻。另一方面，作者深入到人物得内心世界。寻欢作乐得生活是玛格丽特对人生得放弃和志却现实得反映。同样玛格丽特身上也带有着某些单纯得东西，她追求这真挚得爱情，甘于牺牲自己，放弃奢华得生活，也要与心爱得人在一起。处处为情人着想，不愿多花情人一分钱，因此她卖掉自己得马车，首饰，披巾。在最后，甚至为了爱人得前途着想和为替爱人妹妹得婚事考虑，坚决地放弃自己已经得到得幸福。你说这样得女人是不是值得怜爱呢？

“在一张艳若桃李得鹅蛋脸上，嵌着两只黑眼睛，黛眉弯弯，活像画就一般：这双眼睛罩上了浓密得睫毛，当睫毛低垂得时候，仿佛在艳红得脸颊上投下了阴影，鼻子细巧，挺秀，充满灵气，鼻翼有点向外张开：嘴巴匀称，柔唇优雅地微启时，便露出一口乳白色得皓齿，皮肤上有一层绒毛而显出颜色，犹如未经人得手触摸过得桃子上得绒衣一样”这段是小仲马对玛格丽特外贸得描写，细致、清晰、活灵活现，仿佛她标致得面孔就涌跃在纸上，想让人好好地欣赏一翻。

在文章中有这么一幕：玛格丽特酗酒成性，把自己得身体搞垮，痛苦不堪，阿尔芒心痛玛格丽特，捏住她得手，把它放在唇边，两滴忍了很久得眼泪止不住滴湿了她得手。阿尔芒爱流泪为玛格丽特流泪，为她不爱惜自己流泪，阿尔芒毫不保留得表达自己得感情让玛格丽特犹为感动，作者就是通过对任务真实得描绘和对爱情逼真得写照让他作品如此得成功。

就是这样一位真诚，可爱得女人，最后得命运却是悲惨得：离开了爱人，不久就因痛去世，死后他们马上催收账款和利息，急于拍卖她得物品。

《茶花女》读书笔记 篇6

阿尔芒・迪瓦尔对玛格丽特一见钟情，他对玛格丽特的爱是纯粹的，与其他男人对她的带有炫耀的爱完全不同。正因为这一点，玛格丽特这个从小受尽苦难，长大后又混迹于风尘的青楼女子――一个把爱情与交易等同，为金钱出卖肉体的女人，开始感受到了爱的滋润。于是，玛格丽特疯狂地爱上了迪瓦尔，甚至不惜和保养自己自己的老公爵分手，公布自己的恋情，变卖自己的财产。只可惜，由于种种原因―最重要的是阿尔芒的父亲的干涉，这对恋人不得不分开。

舍弃阿尔芒以后，玛格丽特又过回了以前纸醉金迷的生活。而这一次，为了找寻失去爱人的空虚生活的替代品，玛格丽特的作息变得更加糟糕。最后的她，死于肺病。

而不明就里的阿尔芒以为玛格丽特离开他是因为无法忘记以前的生活。在返回巴黎后对玛格丽特进行了报复――对一个女人来说，最残酷的事莫过于自己爱的人在自己面前和另一个女人恩爱，更何况是玛格丽特这种这么渴望得到爱情的人。只可惜，她选择了把一切都写在日记里，却没有胆量对阿尔芒言明。

她死后，记录她心扉的日记被交到了阿尔芒的手里。至此，一颗长久渴望滋润却一直受太阳煎熬的心显露在阿尔芒面前。

整本书以“我”为倾听者，以阿尔芒为倾诉者进行。结尾附以玛格丽特的日记。如果用一句话来概括这本书，我觉得有一句话概括得非常好：一个为了一段严肃的爱情而献身的妓女的悲剧。

妓女这个词，在我们眼中总归带着卑贱意味。但在看这本书，我没有看到茶花女如何出卖肉体，而是她为了一段不被认可的爱情而付出了怎样的努力和代价。

玛格丽特说，和阿尔芒在乡下住的那段时间是她今生最快乐的日子。而我猜，大概阿尔芒也是她今生唯一真心爱过的男人了，以致于在她病危的日子里，声声念念，始终是阿尔芒。

小仲马在《茶花女》的结尾中说：“有一位姑娘，在她的一生中曾经产生过一种严肃的爱情，她为了这爱情遭受痛苦，直至死去。”

《论法的精神》之读书笔记 篇7

《论法的精神》研究指向的是什么问题, 或者说, 孟德斯鸠在该书中主要想解决什么问题?这也是我写这篇读书笔记所想要和大家分享的。接下来, 我将对本书中的几个重要的观点加以阐述。

一、政体决定法律

在孟德斯鸠的思想中, 对法律影响最大的是政体。孟德斯鸠把国家政体分为两大要素:政体性质和政体原则。在政体的两大要素中, 对法律影响最大的是政体原则。

(一) 政体性质决定基本法律

在孟德斯鸠的语言中, 所谓“政体的性质是构成政体的东西”。因此, 我们可以这样理解, 政体性质就是指国家权力结构和行使的最基本现象, 或最本质因素。

孟德斯鸠将政体按照传统的方法划分为三种:共和政体、君主政体、专制体。共和政体的性质就是全体人民或仅仅一部分人民握有最高权力的政体。共和政体又分为两种情况:一种是民主政治—由全体人民握有最高权力;另一种是贵族政治—有一部分握有最高权力。君主政体的性质是单独一个人遵照固定的和确立了的法律执政的政体。专职政体的性质是既无法律又无规章、由单独一个人按照一己的意志与反复无常的性情领导一切的政体。

(二) 政体原则决定法律

孟德斯鸠认为, 政体的原则不同于政体的性质。政体的性质是“政体本身的构造”;政体的原则是“使政体运动的人类的感情”。同时, 孟德斯鸠强调, 所谓政体的原则, 不是说各种政体中已有的或现有的东西, 而是应有的东西, 即“应该要有这些原则, 否则政体就不完全。”总的看来, 孟德斯鸠所说的政体的原则主要是指处于某一政体中的人们的思想、品质、情感、观念之类的主观精神状态。简单的说, 孟德斯鸠所谓的“政体的原则”是一种政体中的主导性群体所应当具有的精神、观念、情感、意识等。

二、对安全的追求决定法律

(一) 为保障国家安全、防御外敌而采取的措施, 决定相应的法律

孟德斯鸠认为, “政治法都是从同一个原则出发, 就是:‘人民的安全就是最高的法律’。”对安全的追求, 是一个国家要考虑的首要问题。不同的政体有不同的保障国家安全的办法。共和政体从本质上说, 并不安全、稳定。他认为, “一个共和国, 如果小的话, 则亡于外力;如果大的话, 则亡于内部的邪恶。”无论是民主制的共和国还是贵族制的共和国都不能避免这种弊端, 以至它们都容易被君主专制所取代。专制国家通常用荒废边境部分土地以便与外界隔离, 或者设置藩镇以便与外敌隔离的办法来保障本国的安全;君主国家通常用设置要塞、驻扎军队的办法保障自己的安全, 这些都分别表现为相应的法律规定。

(二) 为自卫而攻击、征服他国后所采取的统治被征服地居民的措施, 决定相应的法律

孟德斯鸠认为, 就像公民拥有自卫权一样, 国际法也规定国家有进行自卫战争的权利。孟德斯鸠甚至认为, 如果一个民族预见到他民族可能会发动旨在灭亡自己的攻击行动时, 就可以主动攻击该民族。不同政体的国家对被征服地会采取不同的统治措施, 这会决定被征服地的法律。一般来说, 征服国对待被征服国有下列四种统治方式:“ (一) 按照被征服国原有的法律继续治理其国家, 而征服国则仅仅行使政治及民事方面的统治权; (二) 在被征服国建立崭新的政治和民事的治理机构; (三) 毁灭这个社会而把它的成员分散到其他的社会里去; (四) 把它的公民全体灭绝。”

孟德斯鸠指出, 根据自然法, 万物莫不力求保存其种类, 可以推论出, 政府是为了取得, 包含着保存和使用, 而不能是破坏。传统上认为征服者在征服之后可以屠杀被征服者的权利是不存在的。同样, 有杀人权引申出的奴役权也是不存在的。如果一个民主共和国征服了其他国家, 应当将被征服国纳入民主范围;应当尽可能地以良好的政治法规和民事法规来弥补征服统治的弊端。

(三) 对自由的追求, 决定了国家政体和相应的法律

孟德斯鸠认为, 自由是人们珍视和重视的东西。对政治自由的追求, 可以是一个国家的政治的目的。围绕着实现政治自由这一目的, 对一个国家有关政体的法律和有关公民行为的法律都形成一些原则性要求。

孟德斯鸠首先着手阐明自由的含义。孟德斯鸠认为, 尽管不同的人对自由有不同的理解, 但确切的说, “一个公民的政治自由是一种心境的平安状态。这种心境的平安是从人人都认为它本身是安全的这个看法产生的。要享有这种自由, 就必须建立一种政府, 在它的统治下一个公民不惧怕另一个公民。”

三、自然地理环境决定或影响法律

孟德斯鸠在人类思想史上率先从自然条件的角度看待法律问题。他认为, 自然地理环境条件对法律的产生、发展有重大影响作用, 甚至可能有决定作用。

(一) 气候条件对法律的影响作用

孟德斯鸠认为, 法律在最初产生时, 受人们的精神气质、内心感情的影响相当大;而人们的这种精神气质、感情因素又受到气候条件影响和作用, 因此, 处于不同气候条件下的不同民族因情感、气质因素的不同而创造出的法律各不相同。炎热的气候条件下, 人们大多表现为懒惰、怯懦、心神不定, 这种气质适合于暴君统治, 而暴君统治又必然制定较严酷的法律;寒冷的气候条件下, 人们意志刚强、勇敢、自信、豪放, 这种气质的人们珍视并善于捍卫自由, 所以适合于建立共和国, 并产生出维护自由的法律。他认为, 亚洲多专制政体, 欧洲多共和政体, 主要是气候条件所决定的。

(二) 国家的地理条件对法律的影响和作用

孟德斯鸠认为, 一国的地理条件也对政体、法律有着重大影响。一般说来, 土壤肥沃、地势平坦, 国家不易防守、易被征服, 容易使人缺乏毅力、眷恋生命。于是, 在这种地理环境条件下适合于专制政体, 且法律简单、残暴。相反, 地貌多山、土壤贫瘠, 国家可以据险防守, 人们勇敢善战, 崇尚自由。于是, 在这样的地方容易建立共和制度, 且法律倾向自由。

读书笔记不该缺失教师的指导 篇8

【中图分类号】G633.3 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1005-6009（2016）38-0060-02

【作者简介】丁国林，江苏省如皋市教育局（江苏如皋，226500）教研室教研员，高级教师。

随着全民读书和书香校园活动的开展，中小学生课外阅读的现状已经出现了非常可喜的变化。不少地方从教育主管部门到基层学校领导，无不将学生课外阅读活动的开展列入重要的议事日程。书香校园建设在专题“读书节”、校园书市、班级图书角、图书漂流、读书笔记展评、读书征文、读书演讲以及“作家零距离”、亲子阅读、书香家庭评比等活动的支持下，开展得如火如荼，成效斐然。但是，在基层调研中我们发现，作为与读书行为如影随形的学生读书笔记，则普遍显得内容单调：大多为格式化的“好词好句”和“精彩片段”摘抄，检查发现不少学生存在马虎应付的形式主义倾向；而教师的批阅，则同样缺少必要的方法与点拨激励，有的仅仅用红笔打一个“√”或是简单地给一个“阅”字；少数班级学生读书笔记的检查与批阅，竟然是由学生干部代劳，而居于“平等中首席”位置的教师，却基本处于“缺席”状态，“不作为”或“伪作为”现象客观存在。这样的读书笔记，除了简单地应付了学校行政检查以外，作为放大阅读效益并帮助学生实现有效的文化积累的应然功能，基本上丧失殆尽。

读书和积累，是学生获得语文素养并形成丰厚文化底蕴的主要途径，有效地指导和帮助学生以读书笔记为抓手，进行必要的词汇积累、美文佳句积累，提高其在文化知识、文学常识等方面的素养，是现代语文教学的应有之义。那么，如何在学生的读书活动中做好其读书笔记的指导与管理工作呢？根据多年的工作实践，笔者以为语文教师不妨从以下几个方面做一些必要的思考与尝试。

一、明确内容和范围

根据目前中小学生读书笔记的现状，尤其需要更直观具体地帮助学生明确读书笔记所应涉及的内容和范围。例如：

1.读书过程中即时发现的对写作具有直接借鉴与迁移运用价值的精美语段（形象生动、细致入微的细节、场面、语言、神态和环境描写等）。

2.饱含哲理、内涵丰富、语言凝练的名人名言、诗词名句、睿思哲言、谚语俗语歇后语、歌词流行语等。

3.能够帮助自己丰富文化知识和生活积累、提高生活情趣，在今后的生活交际或写作实践中可能有用的逸闻掌故、写作素材、名人故事、文化现象，例如我国诗词文化中的数字诗、藏头诗、回文诗、宝塔诗以及对联宝库中的精美名联、长联、妙联、趣联等。

4.读书过程中随时生成的阅读感悟、启迪、联想及其在阅读内容启发下所产生的生活创意、写作灵感、奇思妙想等。

5.有收藏保存价值的较长文字的内容提要、结构提纲、备忘索引等。

6.名人大家、同龄学霸的成功经验、学法秘诀等。

二、丰富来源和形式

教师还需要引导学生将“读书笔记”的内容来源进行适当延展，即学生在阅读或日常生活中所发现的、自认为具有抄录收藏价值的文本材料都可以进入读书笔记的内容范围，从这个意义上讲，现代传媒中的博客、微信、QQ会话、论坛发言甚至影视人物的精彩台词、校园内外的宣传标语等都可以在学生的读书笔记中占有一席之地。

读书笔记的目的在于积累和运用，语文教师还可以从“笔记”的形式上进行适当的点拨与引导，美文摘抄、内容提要、随文评注、提纲整理、即感随记、备忘索引，甚至是剪切复制等，只要有利于学生的文化积累，只要能够对学生写作能力的提高有所启迪和帮助，都可以让学生不妨记之摘之，思之悟之，学之用之。惟如此，学生方能不断尝到动笔读书的甜头，不断提高读书的兴趣和效益，不断获得文化积累、知识进步、精神成长。

三、促进评价和交流

作为与读书活动密切相连的读书笔记行为，当然离不开教师的教育引领与智慧激励。但现实中，有的教师对学生的读书笔记不闻不问，或者仅仅是任务式的定期收交、简单批个“阅”字了事，这种不作为行为，是无益于学生语文素养的提高的。语文教师要在平时的常规批阅中及时地发现优秀典型，像作文眉批或总批一样，给予细致地评价引导和点赞激励，让学生及时倾听自己拔节成长的声音。

除此之外，教师可采取多种形式，促进学生通过读书笔记进行交流与共享。比如，可以组织读书笔记的展评活动，让学生在观摩欣赏中发现并借鉴别人的长处；定期组织学生将读书笔记交换阅读、互相转抄，实现智慧的累加碰撞；将读书笔记的指导与学生写作能力的提高进行合理的关联，引导学生在笔记过程中及时地发现写作的灵感并进行适度的迁移运用；等等。

读书笔记的内容、形式等必须与学生的年龄特点、学段特点及其个体性格特点有机结合，这是指导学生做好读笔记时必须遵循的基本原则。对学生而言，经常随手翻阅自己曾经的读书笔记，不仅可以温故知新，更能获得激活思维、催生灵感、涵养人性、净化心灵的特殊效果。