八年级上政治期末复习(精选6篇)
第一单元 走进社会生活 1.个人和社会的关系是怎样的?
答:个人是社会的有机组成部分。如果把个人看成点,把人与人的关系看成线,那么,由各种关系连接成的线就织成一张“大网”,每个人都是社会这张“大网”上的一个“结点”。
2.如何理解社会对人的影响?
答:
(1)人的成长是不断社会化的过程。
(2)我们的衣食住行、学习和娱乐等都与社会的方方面面发生着千丝万缕的联系。
(3)人的生存和发展也离不开社会,每个人都从社会中获得物质支持和精神滋养。
3.为什么要养成亲社会行为?亲社会行为有什么意义? 答:
(1)青少年处于走向社会的关键时期,我们应该树立积极的生活态度,关注社会,了解社会,服务社会,养成亲社会行为。
(2)亲社会行为,有利于我们养成良好的行为习惯,塑造健康的人格,形成正确的价值观念,获得他人和社会的接纳与认可。4.如何养成亲社会行为?
答:
(1)亲社会行为在人际交往和社会实践中养成。
(2)我们要主动了解社会,关注社会发展变化,积极投身于社会实践。(3)在社会生活中,我们要遵守社会规则和习俗,热心帮助他人,想他人之所想,急他人之所急。
5.网络如何丰富我们的日常生活? 答:(1)网络让我们日常生活中的信息传递和交流变得方便迅捷。互联网不仅给人们提供信息,而且提供便捷的信息检索渠道。
(2)网络打破了传统人际交往的时空限制,促进了人际交往。通过网络,我们可以随时随地与地球上任何角落的人交流、互动,世界变成了地球村。(3)网络让我们的生活变得更加便利和丰富多彩。6.网络如何推动社会进步?
答:
(1)网络为经济发展注入新的活力。(2)网络促进民主政治的进步。
(3)网络为文化传播和科技创新搭建新平台。7.为什么要警惕网络中的陷阱?
答:
(1)网络信息良莠不齐。
(2)沉迷于网络,影响学习、工作和生活。(3)个人隐私容易被侵犯。8.如何理性参与网络生活? 答:
(1)我们要提高媒介素养,积极利用互联网获取新知、促进沟通、完善自我。(2)我们要注意浏览、寻找与学习和工作有关的信息,不应在无关信息面前停留,不应在无聊信息上浪费精力,更不可沉溺于网络,要学会“信息节食”。(3)我们要学会辨析网络信息,让谣言止于智者,自觉抵制暴力、色情、恐怖等不良信息。(4)网络无限,自由有界。恪守道德、遵守法律是网络生活的基本准则。只有自觉遵守道德和法律,才能做一名负责的网络参与者。9.如何传播网络正能量?
答:
(1)我们要充分利用网络平台为社会发展建言献策。(2)我们要在网上传播正能量。
第二单元 遵守社会规则 1.答:
(1)社会秩序是社会生活的一种有序化状态。(2)社会正常运行需要秩序。
(3)社会秩序是人民安居乐业的保障。
(4)社会秩序营造良好的社会环境。在有序、整洁、安全的社会环境,我们享有人身自由和财产安全,享有公平的发展机遇,从而能够感受到生活的美好,激发对生活的热情。2.什么是社会规则?有什么作用? 什么是社会秩序?有什么作用?
答:
(1)社会规则是人们为了维护有秩序的社会环境,在逐渐达成默契与共识的基础上形成的。
(2)社会规则明确社会秩序的内容。社会规则确定了社会生活的条理和次序,使大家各司其职,各安其位,各尽其责,各得其所。3.4.自由与规则有什么关系? 如何对待社会规则?
答:(1)社会规则划定了自由的边界。(2)社会规则是人们享有自由的保障。5.如何自觉遵守、维护和改进规则?
答:
(1)遵守社会规则需要他律和自律,需要我们发自内心地敬畏规则,将规则作为自己行动的准绳。
(2)我们要坚定维护规则。(3)规则不是一成不变的。5.为什么要尊重他人? 答:
(1)尊重他人是一个人内在修养的外在表现。
(2)每个人都是有尊严的个体,都希望得到他人和社会的尊重。(3)尊重使社会生活和谐融洽。6.答:
(1)积极关注、重视他人。(3)平等对待他人(3)学会换位思考。(4)学会欣赏他人。8.文明有礼有什么意义?
答:
(1)礼体现一个人的尊重、谦让、与人为善等良好品质。(2)文明有礼是一个人立身处世的前提。(3)文明有礼促进社会和谐。(4)文明有礼体现国家形象。9.如何做文明有礼的人? 答:
(1)做文明有礼的人,要态度谦和,用语文明。(2)做文明有礼的人,要仪表整洁、举止端庄。
(3)做文明有礼的人,需要在社会生活中不断学习、观察、思考和践行。10.诚信的意义有哪些?
答:
(1)诚信就是诚实、守信和信任。(2)诚信是一个人安身立命之本。
(3)诚信是企业的资本,是企业的无形资产和标识。(4)诚信促进社会文明、国家兴旺。怎样尊重他人? 11.如何践行诚信?
答:
(1)树立诚信意识。(2)运用诚信智慧。(3)珍惜个人的诚信记录。12.什么是违法行为?分为哪几类?
答:(1)违法行为是指出于过错违反法律、法规的规定,危害社会的行为。(2)根据违反法律的类别,违法行为分为民事违法行为、行政违法行为和刑事违法行为。
(3)民事违法行为和行政违法行为对社会的危害相对轻微,称为一般违法行为。刑事违法行为是违法行为中最严重的一种,就是我们常说的犯罪。13.如何警惕身边的违法行为?
14.什么是刑法、犯罪和刑罚?
答:(1)刑法是惩治犯罪、保护国家和人民利益的有力武器。
(2)根据刑法规定,犯罪是具有严重的社会危害性、触犯了刑法、应当受到刑罚处罚的行为。
(3)刑罚又称为刑事处罚、刑事处分,是指审判机关依法对犯罪分子适用的最严厉的强制性法律制裁方法,以限制或剥夺犯罪人权益为主要内容。15.如何预防犯罪?
答:
(1)犯罪是我们成长道路上最凶险的陷阱。(2)预防犯罪,需要我们杜绝不良行为。(3)生活在法治社会,我们应增强法治观念,依法自律,做一个自觉守法的人。16.如何依法维护自己的合法权益? 答:(1)依靠法律维护自己的合法权益。
(2)我们可以通过法律服务机构来维护合法权益。(3)受到非法侵害,可以寻求国家的法律救济。(4)使用诉讼手段,通过打官司讨回公道。17.青少年如何同违法犯罪作斗争?
答:
(1)同违法犯罪作斗争,是包括我们青少年在内的全体公民义不容辞的责任。(2)在面对违法犯罪时,我们不仅要勇于斗争,而且要善于斗争,才能最有效地打击犯罪。
(3)我们要积极弘扬社会主义法治精神,形成守法光荣、违法可耻的观念,做到自觉守法、遇事找法、解决问题靠法,努力成为一名社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者、自觉遵守者和坚定捍卫者。
第三单元 勇担社会责任 1.答:
(1)责任是一个人分内应该做的事情。
(2)从已有的生活经历中,我们不难发现,责任来自对他人的承诺、职业要求、道德规范、法律规定等。2.角色和责任有什么关系?
答:
(1)在社会生活的舞台上,每个人都扮演着不同的角色。(2)每一种角色都意味着承担相应的责任。3.怎样正确认识责任? 答:
(1)作为社会的一员,我们每个人首先要对自己负责。什么是责任?责任来自哪里?(2)很多人在为我们的成长和幸福生活承担着责任。
(3)只有人人具有责任心,自觉履行应尽的责任,我们才能共享更加幸福美好的生活。
4.承担责任的代价与回报有哪些?
答:
(1)无论是谁,承担责任都会感受到责任沉甸甸的分量。(2)承担责任往往伴随着获得回报的权利。5.如何理解我承担我无悔?
答:
(1)虽然有些应该做的事情不是我们自愿选择的,但是我们仍然应该自觉承担相应的责任。
(2)无论何时何地,我们都应该努力提升自身素质,增强履行责任的能力,勇于承担责任。
6.为什么说关爱他人是一种幸福?
答:
(1)关爱,就是关心爱护。
(2)关爱是社会和谐稳定的润滑剂和正能量。(3)关爱他人,收获幸福。6.怎样关爱他人?
答:
(1)关爱他人,要心怀善意。(2)关爱他人,要尽己所能。(3)关爱他人,要讲究策略。8.为什么要服务社会?
答:
(1)服务社会体现人生价值。
(2)服务社会能够促进我们全面发展。9.如何服务和奉献社会?
答:
(1)服务和奉献社会,需要我们积极参与社会公益活动。(2)服务和奉献社会,需要我们热爱劳动,爱岗敬业。
第四单元 维护国家利益 1.什么是国家利益?
答:(1)国家利益是一个主权国家在国际社会中生存需求和发展需求的总和,关系到民族生存、国家兴亡。
(3)国家利益涉及政治、经济、文化、社会、军事等领域,包括安全利益、政治利益、经济利益、文化利益等。2.国家利益和人民利益的关系是怎样的?
答:(1)国家利益至上,人民利益高于一切,二者相辅相成。
(3)人民利益只有上升、集中到国家利益,运用国家的工具,才能得到真正的维护。
3.如何坚持国家利益至上? 答:
(1)坚持国家利益至上,我们要心怀爱国之情,牢固树立国家利益至上观念,以热爱祖国为荣,以危害祖国为耻。
(2)坚持国家利益至上,我们要树立和增强危机意识和防范意识。(3)坚持国家利益至上,我们要增强维护国家利益的责任感和使命感。4.如何捍卫国家利益? 答:
(1)以国家利益为重,把国家利益放在第一位。
(2)为了国家利益,有时不仅需要放弃个人利益,甚至要献出自己的生命(3)我们要始终把国家利益放在第一位,捍卫国家尊严,坚决同一切损害国家利益的行为作斗争。
5.国家安全的重要性表现在哪里? 答:
(1)国家安全是人民幸福安康的前提。(2)国家安全是国家生存与发展的重要保障。6样坚持总体国家安全观?
答:(1)今天,我国国家安全的内涵和外延比历史上任何时候都更丰富,时空领域比历史上任何时候都更宽广,内外因素比历史上任何时候都更复杂,必须坚持总体国家安全观,以人民安全为宗旨,以政治安全为根本,以经济安全为基础,以军事、文化、社会安全为保障,以促进国际安全为依托,走出一条中国特色国家安全道路。
(2)面对国家安全形式的新变化,我们既重视外部安全,又重视内部安全;既重视国土安全,又重视国民安全;既重视传统安全,又重视非传统安全,既重视发展问题,又重视安全问题;既重视自身安全,又重视共同安全,构建集政治安全、国土安全、军事安全、经济安全、文化安全、社会安全、科技安全、信息安全、生态安全、资源安全、核安全等于一体的国家安全体系。7.怎样为维护国家安全作出贡献?
答:(1)维护国家安全需要我们每个人作出贡献。(2)维护国家安全,人人可为。8.怎样履行维护国家安全的法律义务?
答:
(1)我国宪法和法律明确规定了公民和组织应当履行维护国家安全的义务。(2)每个公民都应严格遵守有关国家安全的法律规定,积极履行维护国家安全的法定义务,不断提高防范意识和防范能力,善于识别危害国家安全的各种伪装,为维护国家安全贡献自己的力量。9.祖国的伟大成就有哪些?
答:
(1)从社会生活的方方面面,我们都感受到国家所取得的巨大进步。(2)我国经济增长成就显著,人民的权利和自由得到切实保障;文化建设让中华文明焕发出新的蓬勃生机;科技创新成就斐然; 10.为什么要对未来充满信心?
答:
(1)在看到我国取得巨大成就的同时,我们要正视发展中面临的问题。
(2)国家正在采取各种积极措施,稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险,着力解决各种发展中的问题,不断取得积极成效。11劳动的重要性有哪些?
答:(1)劳动是财富的源泉,也是幸福的源泉。
(2)每个人所处的岗位不同,从事不同的劳动,但都在为国家和社会发展作出贡献。
12.怎样理解实干创造未来?
答:
第一部分 听力部分。(共两节,总分25分)
第一节 听力选择。(共15小题,每小题1分,总分15分)
根据你听到的对话,选择正确的答案回答问题。
听下面5段对话,每听完一段对话后,完成1个小题。
( )1. What does the girl want to borrow?
A. B. C.
( )2. Which would the boy want to drink?
A. B. C.
( )3. What does the woman think of the dress?
A. Its large. B. Its small. C. Its dirty.
( )4. Where did they go?
A. To the beach. B. To Disneyland. C. To the zoo.
( )5. How will Tom come to the party?
A. By bike. B. On foot. C. By car.
听第六段对话,完成第6~7小题。
( )6. What colour does Lingling like best?
A. Green. B. Purple. C. Yellow.
( )7. Where did Lingling buy it?
A. In Hong Kong. B. In Taiwan. C. In Guangzhou.
听第七段对话,完成第8~9小题。
( )8. How often does Peter exercise?
A. Every day. B. Once a week. C. Twice a week.
( )9. Who plays basketball best?
A. John. B. Tony. C. Peter.
听第八段对话,完成第10~12小题。
( )10. When will they watch the film?
A. At 6:25 p.m. B. At 6:35 p.m. C. At 6:45 p.m.
( )11. How soon will they get there?
A. In 20 minutes. B. In 25 minutes. C. In 30 minutes.
( )12. How far is it from their home to the cinema?
A. Three kilometers. B. Four kilometers. C. Five kilometers.
听第九段对话,完成第13~15小题。
( )13. What day is coming soon?
A. Mothers Day. B. Fathers Day. C. The boys birthday.
( )14. What does the boy want at first?
A. A mobile phone. B. A computer. C. A motor.
( )15. Why doesnt the woman agree to buy a motor for the boy?
A. Because its dangerous to ride.
B. Because its expensive.
C. Because its meaningless.
第二节 笔录要点。(共5小题,每小题2分,总分10分)
根据你所听到的内容,填写下面的表格,每空不超过3个单词。
Wonderful 16. _______ Display
第二部分 笔试部分
二、选择填空。(共10小题,每小题1分,总分10分)
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择正确的答案填空。
( )21. Recently people care more about the safety of ________. Everyone wants to eat
healthily.
A. foods B. clothes C. buildings
( )22. —Would you like _______? —Good idea. Lets go!
A. going swimming B. go to swim C. to go swimming
( )23. —________ will you finish your homework, Kate?
—In an hour.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long
( )24. —Why are you late again? —_______ my car broke down on the way here.
A. Because B. Because of C. However
( )25. Li Jun always makes his little sister ________.
A. crying B. to cry C. cry
( )26. —_______ did you buy in Brazil?
—I bought some World Cup gifts. I _______ give them to my friends.
A. What; am going to B. When; will C. Which; was to
( )27. —Is Mary _______ outgoing than Peter? —No. She is as _______ as him.
A. more; hardworking B. more; quiet C. much more; quieter
( )28. —Is your father at home _______? —No, he is arriving home _______.
A. then; quickly B. yet; fast C. now; soon
( )29. —Sunny Beach is a _______ place for holiday.
—Yes. During the May Day, _______ people go there and have a good time.
A. wonderful; thousands B. nice; thousands of C. good; five thousands
( )30. —Whose is the dictionary?
—It ________ be Alices. Look at her name on the cover.
A. must B. can C. may
三、完形填空。(共10小题,每小题1分,总分10分)
阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A robot will play an important part in our future life. The robot will be friendly and 31 to people. At home the robot can do the cleaning and play with you. It can be your friend. It can help you with your homework 32 you meet a difficult problem. It can have a 33 with you when you are alone. It knows what you say.
In the hospital, a mini robot can help doctors 34 operations. When an old patient has blood sickness and he needs to have an operation, the mini robot will go into his blood vessel (血管) and make it clean. This is an advantage 35 mini robot to do a doctors job.
At the restaurant, a robot can make customers 36 their dinner. For example, when you come to a restaurant, the robot welcomes you and 37 hands with you. Maybe it will give you a beautiful flower. You must be 38 . The robot will ask you what you want to eat or what you want to drink.
Also, they can take the 39 of humans to work in some dangerous places. Some robots can search survivors (幸存者) when an earthquake happens. In the army, robots can also do a dangerous job. They know where the bombs (炸弹) are and how deep the bombs are 40 the earth.
( )31. A. helpful B. useless C. careful
( )32. A. while B. until C. when
( )33. A. walk B. talk C. joke
( )34. A. put out B. take out C. carry out
( )35. A. for B. from C. to
( )36. A. enjoyed B. enjoy C. to enjoy
( )37. A. shaking B. shake C. shakes
( )38. A. happy B. angry C. unhappy
( )39. A. job B. place C. business
( )40. A. in B. above C. under
四、阅读理解。(共10小题,每小题2分,总分20分)
阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的三个选项中,选出一个最佳答案。
A
American country music is famous all over the world, such as the songs of John Denver. Many people enjoy listening to the music in their free time. But still some people dont know where it began.
Country music comes from folk music of the Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉) in the east of America. There, people sing while playing the guitar and violin. They sing about everyday life, love and their problems. So the songs are sometimes a little sad.
John Denver is one of the most popular country music singers. He is also quite famous to the Chinese. For John Denver, music is a language that could bring the world together. He says music can bring people together. They will understand each other through music. People are different in color and they may speak different languages, but people are the same in mind and body. All of them love music and can understand music.
The world lost a great man when John Denver died in 1997. But his words and music will still live on.
( )41. American country music usually tells us about ________.
A. folk songs B. sad stories C. love and problems
( )42. “Music is a language that could bring the world together.” means people ________.
A. can sing songs together
B. from all over the world sing the same songs
C. can show feelings by music and understand each other better
( )43. From the passage we know that John Denver ________.
A. is an American country music singer
B. can bring people to get together
C. is good at playing the guitar and violin
( )44. People from different countries ________.
A. must be the same in mind and body
B. should speak the same language through music
C. can understand each other through music
( )45. Which of the following is RIGHT?
A. Everybody knows where country music began.
B. John Denvers music will live on in peoples hearts.
C. Country music comes from all kinds of music.
B
Im a thirteen-year-old girl. My classmates say that Im too fat. I worry about myself and feel very sad. What should I do to lose weight? I dont want to be heavy. I got an idea from the Internet and then I made a plan to lose weight.
Do exercise for about one hour every day. The exercise should be something like running, biking, dancing, or swimming. After that do some special exercise for thirty minutes, such as for the legs or for the waist.
I think its not bad to have a good eating habit. Eating less or no eating is not good for health. I will eat bread without butter; only a little beef or pork; eat more vegetables and fruits; and stay away from junk food.
I will drink water or soup before each meal. This will help me feel full sooner. I will try to have four or five meals a day. So that I can eat less at each meal but not feel hungry. Breakfast is very important, and so is lunch.
After three months, I think I will become much thinner and healthier than before. I am very happy with my weight-loss plan.
( )46. What sport doesnt the writer do?
A. Swimming. B. Climbing. C. Dancing.
( )47. What does the writer look like?
A. Thin. B. Tall. C. Heavy.
( )48. Why does the writer drink soup before meal?
A. Because it makes her feel happy.
B. Because it makes her feel full.
C. Because it make her feel hungry.
( )49. Which sentence below has the same meaning of the underlined sentence?
A. Both breakfast and lunch are important.
B. Either breakfast or lunch is important.
C. Neither breakfast nor lunch is important.
( )50. Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. She will not eat junk food in her plan.
B. She has strong mind to lose weight.
C. She thinks it good to eat nothing.
第Ⅱ卷(非选择题 共35分)
五、翻译语篇。(共5小题,每小题2分,总分10分)
阅读下面的短文,然后将下面划线的句子译成汉语或英语。
Dear Henry,
I would like to invite you to watch the magic show at the City Theater. 51. City Theater is the best theater, isnt it? The magic show will start on the afternoon of Saturday, July 12th at 4:00. I have two tickets. 52. 一张票是你的,另一张票是我的。
After the magic show, we will come back to my house. Today is my birthday. 53. I moved here last week. I am new here. 54. 在这个新城市你是我的第一个朋友。 My parents will cook a big meal for us. You said you could make an apple milk shake. How often do you make an apple milk shake? Could you make an apple milk shake for me tonight?
55. Remember not to be late.
Yours friendly,
David
51. __________________________________52. __________________________________
53. __________________________________54. __________________________________
55. __________________________________
六、补全对话。(共5小题,每小题2分,总分10分)
读下面的对话,根据上下文将对话补充完整。
Peter: Hi, Sally. Come and have a look at my photos.
Sally: Are these the photos you took in Africa, Peter?
Peter: 56. ____________________________. Look, this is a wild beast. Its an animal in Africa.
Sally: Does it eat meat?
Peter: 57. _____________________________. It only eats grass.
Sally: Are there a lot of animals in Africa?
Peter: 58. _____________________________.
Sally: Wow, this photo looks interesting. 59. _____________________________?
Peter: I was riding the elephant.
Sally: 60. _____________________________?
Peter: Yes, of course. I really enjoyed myself.
七、情景作文。(本大题15分)
假如你是Mary,以下是班主任给你的期末评价报告单,请根据下列表格中的提示给你的父母写封信,说说你的学习情况。
注意:可合理发挥,内容详细,80词左右。信的开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Dad and Mum,
Hows it going? I got my report card today. ______________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Your daughter,
【病句辨识】
常见的病句主要有以下几种:
(1)成分残缺。主要有缺主语或缺谓语或缺宾语。如“在他跑过来时,抱着一个球。”缺主语,应删去“在”“时”。
(2)搭配不当。主要有主谓、动宾、定语与中心语、状语与中心语等搭配不当。如“这个公司的产品数量和质量都有很大提高。”
“质量”“提高”搭配正确,但“数量”与“提高”不能搭配。应改为“数量”“增加”。(3)分类不当。如“商店里摆满香蕉、梨、苹果、萝卜等许多水果。”萝卜属于蔬菜,不属于水果类,应删去。
(4)前后矛盾。如“具备良好的心理素质,是我们中考能否取得好成绩的条件之一。”肯定的前提推出不肯定的结论。应删去“否”字。
(5)否定误用。如“难道能否培养高素质的人才不是我们的责任吗?”否定的反问表示的是肯定的意思。应删去“能否”。
(6)语序不当。如“我们要学会研究问题和调查问题。”“调查问题”应在“研究问题”之前。
(7)重复累赘。如“学校里出现了空前的前所未有的植树热潮。”这类语病是由语意重复造成的,修改时将同意的两个词语删去一个。
(8)用词不当。如“仿生学这个词可能对我们较陌生。”“对”弄错了对象,应改为“我们对仿生学这个词较陌生”
(9)句式杂糅。把两句话的意思合在一句里说。如“他的家乡是福建省福州市人。”应改为“他的家乡在福建省福州市。或他是福建省福州市人。”
(10、关联词误用。要注意关联词的使用。如果错用、滥用、配对不当、省略不当等都会造成病句。如“只要你说得对,我们才能改正。”“只要”应对“就”。所以应把“才改成”“就”。(11)不合事理。即现实生活中不存在的事物或现象。如“深蓝的夜空明月高照,繁星密布。”当明月高照是不可能出现“繁星密布”的情形,应是“月朗星稀”。【典型题例】
1.(2010·重庆)下面语段画线处都有语病,请根据提示加以改正。(4分)与发达地区相比,①重庆中小学生存在着矮个多、胖墩多、近视眼多等。挑食、偏食,②形成了一部分学生营养摄入不足,不利于长高。而过多地食用高油、高热和高糖食品,会让无法消耗的能量转化为脂肪,积蓄在体内,形成“胖墩”身材。学生近视眼越来越多,一方面与他们的胡萝卜素、维生素等缺乏有关,另一方面,课业负担和娱乐负担造成用眼过度,③影响危害了视力健康。④有关部门已专门对这一现状进行研究和调查,并寻找相应对策。(1)第①处成分残缺,应在句末添加________。(2)第②处搭配不当,应将________改为________。(3)第③处词语赘余,应删去__________。(4)第④处语序不当,应调整为________。
2.(2010·黄冈)下面语段中画线处有语病,请按要求修改或指出病因。
(3分)①“唱红歌、读经典、讲故事、传箴言”四位一体的群众性文化活动新格局的局面正在我市形成。创作和发送红色短信已蔚然成风。②通过开展发送红色短信,我们可以③在发展文化和传承文化的同时,进一步提升市民素质。①处重复啰唆,修改方法是:____________;
②处“短信”后面应加上“的活动”,该句的病因是:________________; ③处语序不当,修改方法是:____________________ 3.(2011·中考预测题)下面是一位初中生习作中的一段文字,画线处都有错误,请按要求修改。(3分)可是,如今又有谁见过真正的大自然呢?西亚的阿拉伯半岛,A到处弥漫着硝烟的炮火;中国的黄土高原,B滚滚东流的黄河水翻滚夹杂着万千泥土,奔向渤海;拉丁美洲的亚马逊平原,C数以万计的树木在电锯下从容倒下„„有谁看见自然在流泪?(1)A处搭配不当,请改正。
________________________________________________________________________(2)B处语言不简洁,请删去多余的词语。
________________________________________________________________________(3)C处有一个词用得不当,请用合适的词替换。
________________________________________________________________________ 4.2010·陕西)按照要求,完成下面的题目。(3分)①文化是一个民族立足于世界各个民族之林的根本。②文化是一种尊重,体现在一个人如何________、________、________上。③在一个文化厚实的社会里,人懂得尊重自己——他不苟且,因为不苟且所以有品位;人懂得尊重别人——他不霸道,因为不霸道所以有道德;人懂得尊重自然——他不掠夺,因为不掠夺所以有永续的智能。④品位,道德以及智能,是文化积累的总和。
(1)第①句有语病,请将修改后的句子写在下面的横线上。(1分)_________________________________________________________(2)将下面的短语依次填入第②句的横线处,使语句衔接顺畅。(只填序号)(1分)a.对待他人
b.对待自然
c.对待自己
(3)第④句标点使用有误,请将修改后的句子写在下面的横线上。(1分)_______________________________________________________ 【典型题例】
1.(2010·天津)下面句子没有语病的一项是()(2分)A.中国正处在城市化进程的发展快速期,建设城市的步伐不断加快。B.随着秦兵马俑在沉寂24年后的再次发掘,引起国内外媒体的关注。C.梁启超纪念馆已成为天津海河意式风情区内历史文化厚重的旅游观光。D.“我读经典”系列阅读活动,对改善青少年阅读现状有着重要的意义。2.(2010·江西)下列句子没有语病的一项是()(2分)A.到那个时候,我们看到的和听到的将是新技术伴随下的阅读时代的复兴。
B.科学发展的历史告诉我们,新的知识只能通过实地实验而得到,不是由自我检讨或哲理的清谈就可求到的。
C.随着社会的发展和人类文明程度的日益提高,城市景观花卉装饰已逐渐成为评价一座城市的文明程度和综合素质。
D.成语之所以受到人们长期的喜爱,与其特有的文化内涵是分不开的。3.(2010·南京)下列句中有语病的一项是()(3分)A.南京过江隧道的开通,有助于解决长江大桥的交通拥堵问题。B.世界月球大会上,有关人士介绍了我国深空探测的远景规划。C.在“五个一工程”的推动下,南京文艺创作呈现出百花齐放的新局面。D.各级政府积极采取措施,加强校园安保,防止校园安全事故不再发生。
【自主练习】
1、下列各句没有语病的一句是()
A.你不认真学习,那怎么可能取得好成绩是可想而知的。
B.在现代化建设事业中,应该发挥广大青年的充分的作用。
C.改革开放以来,湖州工业不但发展很快,而且农业发展也很快。
D.到安吉旅游,竹博园不可不去,因为它浓缩了中国五千年的竹文明史。
2、下列句子中有语病的一项是()
A. 阅读优秀的文学作品,既能增长知识,又能丰富情感。
B. “春城无处不飞花”的诗句虽然不是为昆明而作,却也能贴切地反映昆明的特征。
C. 情绪污染指的是一个人心情的好坏影响了其他人的好心情。
D. 在英国《泰晤士报》的“2005全球大学排行榜”上,北大跃升至第15位,成为亚洲第一。
3、下列句子中没有语病的一项是(2分)
A.为了促进海峡两岸的交流合作,祖国大陆将进一步采取惠及15项台湾同胞的政策措施。
B.2006年德国世界杯期间,12个主办城市举办的球迷节将成为仅次于中央体育场的球迷胜地。
C.随着三峡大坝主体工程的完工,世界最大的水利枢纽工程提前两年发挥防洪、发电和航运。
D.建设好社会主义新农村是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键,是一项长期而艰巨的历史任务。
4、下面句子没有语病的一项是()(2分)
A、欢乐的溪流唱着清脆的歌声,跳着优美的舞姿奔向远方。
B、语文素养是学生学好其他课程的基础,也是学生全面发展和终身发展的基础。
C、看到这张照片,仿佛把我带回到那充满无限乐趣的童年世界。
D、中学生上网吧,已经引起了教育工作者和广大班主任老师的重视。
5、下面句子没有语病的一项是()(2分)
A、在如何上好阅读课的问题上,语文老师听取了同学们广泛的意见。
B、现在大多数孩子在家中只知道接受爱,不知道感受爱,也不会付出爱,这样的家庭教育是缺憾的。
C、你将你的对手变成了朋友,难道世界上还有比这更完美的战胜吗?
D、一个人工作能力的高低,不在他掌握了多少知识,关键看他做出来突出的成绩。
6、下列句子中,没有语病的一句是
A、有没有良好的思想品德,是评价一个优秀成果学生的标准之一。
B、他跳下池塘,来到池边,很快就游了过去。
C、学校的教学显著成绩,多次受到教育局表彰。
D、李春燕的感人事迹,使全体学生深受教育。
7、列句子没有语病的一项是()(2分)
A.在班主任的教育下,韩志颖很快克服了自己的缺点和错误。
B.全校同学讨论并听取了王校长关于教育改革的报告。
C.菜市场向居民供应青菜、萝卜、土豆、苹果等蔬菜。
D.开展优质教学活动后,李老师的教学水平有了明显提高。
8、下列句子中,没有语病的一句是
A、上网的诱惑令现代人无法拒绝,但昂贵的上网消费又使网迷们心痛不已。
册政治
1.习惯的含义?(是什么?)习惯是一种相对固定的行为模式,习惯有好习惯和坏习惯之分。
注意点:A.习惯影响着人的身心健康。(√)B.习惯有利于人的身心健康。(×)2.习惯的影响?(为什么?)①习惯影响着人的身体健康;②习惯影响着人的思维发展;③习惯影响着人们的行为;④习惯不是小问题,它反映着一个人的修养与素质,在很大程度上决定着一个人的工作效率和生活质量,并进而影响他一生的成功与幸福。
3.中学阶段必须养成的好习惯:
(一)有计划消费的习惯(二)勤于劳动的习惯(三)节约时间的习惯
4.培养好习惯的方法?(怎么做?)①必须有完善可行的计划②必须要有实际行动③必须有毅力
一、病句。
1.下列句子没有语病的一项是(D)
A.夏日的承德是人们避暑纳凉的好季节。
B.初中阶段的学习生活结束了,他对自己能否考上理想高中充满信心。
C.阳光中学在“世界读书日”到来之际,开展“话说我与世界读书日”。
D.通过阅读这些作品,我了解到陈忠实是一个思想深刻的人。
(解析:A项“承德”与“好季节”搭配不当,将“季节”改为“地方”;B项不合逻辑,可删掉“能否”;C项成分残缺,可在句末加上“的活动”。)
2.下列句子没有语病的一项是(D)
A.言行不一致的人,是一种极不好的习惯。
B.生活最重要的部分不是去生活,就是对生活的思考。
C.充满功利色彩的教育,只能培养出有小聪明而无大智慧。
D.一个连教育都得不到尊重的民族是很难屹立于世界民族之林的。
(解析:A项搭配不当,去掉“的人”;B项关联词搭配不当,将“就是”改为“而是”;C项成分残缺,在句末加上“的人”。)
3.下列句子没有语病的一项是(C)
A.自古以来,燕赵人才辈出,唐代魏征的故乡就是河北巨鹿人。
B.一个人能否具有创造能力,关键是要经常保持好奇心,不断积累知识。
C.为了使大家生活在文明祥和的环境中,业主委员会讨论并通过了文明公约。
D.“珍爱生命,远离”的校园宣传活动,有效地增强了中学生的自我保护。
(解析:A项搭配不当,删掉“的故乡”或“人”;B项一面对两面,将“能否”改为“要”;D项成分残缺,在句末加上“意识”。)
4.下列句子没有语病的一项是(D)
A.睡前玩手机、玩电子游戏会影响人的睡眠周期,青少年应避免睡前不玩手机。
B.能否规范地书写汉字,是对义务教育阶段学生汉字书写的基本要求。
C.在今年的“两会”上,代表们就完善和建立社会保障机制提出了许多宝贵的意见。
D.七下西洋,郑和演绎了世界航海史上不朽的传奇。
(解析:A项否定不当,删去“不”;B项两面对一面,删去“能否”;C项语序不当,将“完善”和“建立”调换位置。)
5.下列句子没有语病的一项是(C)
A.各大卫视的综艺娱乐节目给全国观众和亿万群众带来了无穷的欢乐。
B.今年“五一”期间,石家庄市消费者举报中心共接到投诉电话6起,同比下降了一倍。
C.“共享单车”是城市绿色交通系统的组成部分,是方便公众短距离出行和公共交通换乘的重要方式。
D.昨晚剧场里上演了小品、相声、二人转和一些曲艺节目。
(解析:A项“全国观众”和“亿万群众”语意重复,删掉其一;B项搭配不当,将“一倍”改为“50%”;D项分类不当,“小品、相声、二人转”属于“曲艺节目”,应将“和”改为“等”。)
6.修改下列病句。
(1)探测到引力波,人们将能为大爆炸理论和宇宙膨胀理论更有力的证据。
修改意见:在“更有力”之前加上“找到”。
(2)改革开放以来,我国经济飞速发展,这主要靠的是稳定的政治局面和强有力的科技生产力做后盾取得的。
修改意见:删掉“取得的”或“靠的”。
(3)去年冬天,村里办起了农业技术培训班,许多青年、妇女和老人报名参加学习。
修改意见:将“许多青年、妇女和老人”改为“许多人”。
(4)运动员的高超技能可以通过日常的刻苦训练获得,而良好的心理素质却要通过临场的无数竞技才能练就出来。【21·世纪·教育·网】
修改意见:将“临场”和“无数”调换位置。
7.下列语段有两处语病,请找出并改正。
①我市公共交通悄无声息地发生着变化,②每日客流量达30万人次,③乘客的投诉量却急剧锐减,④公交车驾驶员的服务态度有了明显提高。⑤公共交通对城市的健康运转发挥着越来越重要的作用。2-1-c-n-j-y
(1)第③句有语病,修改意见:乘客的投诉量却急剧减少(或:乘客的投诉量却锐减)。
(2)第④句有语病,修改意见:公交车驾驶员的服务水平有了明显提高。(或:公交车驾驶员的服务态度有了明显好转。)【21教育】
8.下面语段中画线的句子均有语病,请加以改正。
据有关部门报道,我国每年约有360亿吨的生活和工业污水排入江河,近三分之一的城市人得不到安全卫生的饮用水。①这样,纯净水公司就很快迅速发展起来了。但是,经卫生部门监测,纯净水并不纯净。为此,②市政府要求几个纯净水公司的领导在近期内抓紧整改,使纯净水产品的质量得到普遍提高。21世纪教育网
(1)句①修改意见:“很快”和“迅速”删掉其中一个。
(2)句②修改意见:将“几个”移至“领导”之前。
9.下面语段中画线的句子均有语病,请加以改正。
我爱读陶渊明的《桃花源记》。当读到“芳草鲜美,落英缤纷”“黄发垂髫,并怡然自乐”等句子的时候,①我仿佛觉得周围的空气里充满弥漫着桃花的芬芳,耳畔似乎萦绕着老人和孩子的欢声笑语,②我心中产生了到“桃花源”一游。2·1·c·n·j·y
(1)第①句语意重复,修改意见:删掉“充满”或“弥漫”。
(2)第②句成分残缺,修改意见:在句末加上“的愿望(想法)”。
10.下面语段中有两个病句,请找出并改正。
①今年全国将有10个省、市、自治区试点在音乐课程中增加京剧内容。②江苏省是试点省份之一,在沿江8市20所中小学试点开办京剧课。③除此以外,江苏还将鼓励各地区把地方戏种引入教学。④这有利于学生学习民族文化的意识。【21cnj*y.co*m】
(1)第②句,修改意见:将“开办”改成“开设”。
(2)第④句,修改意见:在“有利于”后加“培养”或“增强”等,也可去掉“的意识”。
11.下面是一则升旗仪式上的发言稿,请按要求修改。
发言稿
[A]掌握一定数量的成语并准确地运用和理解,可以极大地提高我们的语言表达能力。[B]只要掌握运用好成语,就能培养我们的语文素养,提高与人沟通的方法。[C]学习成语,不难,难就难在持之以恒、坚持不懈。千层之塔,起于累土,平时注意点滴积累,能达到事倍功半的效果。21*教*育*名*师
(1)[A]句语序不当,修改意见:将“运用”和“理解”调换位置。
(2)[B]句搭配不当,修改意见:将“提高”改为“改善”。
(3)[C]句成语使用不当,修改意见:将“事倍功半”改为“事半功倍”。
12.下面这则应用文有四处不当,请找出并提出修改意见。
寻物启示
各位老师,各位同学:
有位同学不慎在学校音乐教室附近丢失一串钥匙,上有黄色的钥匙链,两把钥匙。有拾到者请务必要交到初三(1)班。谢谢。21·世纪*教育网
校学生会
3月26日
(1)“寻物启示”应改为“寻物启事”。(2)删掉“各位老师,各位同学:”。(3)将“有位同学”改为“初三(1)班×××”。(4)“有拾到者请务必要交到初三(1)班”中删掉“务必要”。
二、应用文。
1.校文学社决定周五(10月15日)下午2点在报告厅组织八年级学生开展一次以“家乡的味道”为主题的演讲比赛,请你拟一则活动通知,要求各班选手准时参赛。
通 知
校文学社定于周五(10月15日)下午2点整在报告厅开展以“家乡的味道”为主题的演讲比赛,请八年级各班演讲选手准时参加。www-2-1-cnjy-com
校文学社
月9日
2.你因胳膊受伤不能上学,请你写一张请假条给班主任王老师。
请假条
王老师:
您好!我因胳膊受伤,需要去医院就诊,不能到校上课。特向您请假一天,恳请批准。
此致
敬礼!
学生:×××
×年×月×日
3.知行中学学生会5月4日准备举办以“家国情怀”为主题的篝火晚会,需要向学校总务处借三只无线话筒。请你以学生会的名义写一张借条。21·cn·jy·com
借 条
因举办“家国情怀”主题篝火晚会,特向学校总务处借无线话筒三只。晚会结束后立即归还。
学生会
年5月3日
4.生活中总有一些人值得你感恩。请写一封简短的信,表达你的感激之情。(不能出现真实的人名,100字以内)21*cnjy*com
王大爷:
您好!
我始终无法忘记您那“眯眼式”的微笑。那次我迷了路找不到同伴,是您给了我帮助,您的微笑如阳光般温暖了我孤独的心!感谢您!21-cnjy*com
祝生活愉快!
×××
A) 从括号里选出适当的词语,用其恰当的形式填入空白处。(10分)
(instruction, weather, survey, mix, achievement, outstanding, need, lend, autograph, friendly)
1. You may ____ these drinks up.
2. This is headmaster’s ____.
3. I have Yang Ying’s ____.
4. No one came to the sales because the ____ was so bad.
5. China has had a great ____ since 1978.
6. The man in the story is very ____.
7. We did a ____ of our readers.
8. I’m tired. I ____ to have a rest.
9. He likes this book. Please don’t ____ it to others.
10. The boy is ____ in the class.
B) 用所给单词的适当形式填空。(5分)
11. How many ____(tomato) do we buy?
12. The stars in the sky are ____(count).
13. There are some ____(sheep) on that hill.
14. They are American ____(visit).
15. I often go ____(boat) with my classmates.
Ⅱ.单项选择。(15分)
1. The green one is ____ than the yellow one.
A. much expensiveB. much more expensive
C. expensiverD. expensive
2. He speaks English ____ than any other student in his class.
A. wellB. goodC. betterD. best
3. Of all the apples in the basket, this one is ____.
A. redB. redderC. reddestD. the reddest
4. My bike is ____ Lucy’s.
A. as better asB. as good asC. as well asD. as best as
5. The population of Australia is ____ than that of Canada.
A. fewerB. smallerC. largerD. more
6. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students ____ at once. A. stopped to talkB. stopped talking
C. stop to talkD. stop talking
7. It ____ him nearly an hour to get there by bike.
A. spentB. tookC. paidD. used
8. Don’t forget ____ your dictionary next time.
A. to takeB. to bringC. bringD. to get
9. I liked sports ____ I was young.
A. becauseB. whileC. ifD. when
10. If it ____ tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
A. isn’t rainB. doesn’t rainC. rainsD. not rains
11. Could you ____ me how to ____ this word in English?
A. tell; speakB. speak; sayC. tell; sayD. say; speak
12. They can’t find the answer ____ this question.
A. forB. withC. toD. of
13. He spends most of his money ____ stamps.
A. onB. forC. inD. by
14. ____ my way home, I bought a shirt ____ my father.
A. By; forB. On; forC. On; toD. Of; to
15. The American people like fried chicken. ____ do we.
A. SoB. SuchC. NeitherD. Either
Ⅲ.情景交际。(10分)
选择适当的答语完成下面的对话。
1. How do you do?
2. Could you come to my party?
3. How long does it take you to make dinner every day?
4. How many bananas do we need?
5. How do you get to school?
6. Where were you born?
7. What’s the time by your watch?
8. What’s the matter with you?
9. Were there any sheep in the field?
10. When did you visit her house?
A. Twenty minutes.
B. I was born in Shanghai.
C. It’s six o’clock.
D. Yes, there were.
E. Three.
F. Yes. I’d love to.
G. Last weekends.
H. I have a toothache.
I. How do you do?
J. By bike.
Ⅳ.句型转换。(10分)
1. She is tall and fat. She has long hair. (合并为一句)
She is ____ tall and fat girl ____ long hair.
2. You should eat more fruit. (改为否定句)
You ____ ____ more fruit.
3. Kate is going fishing on May 2nd. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ Kate ____ fishing?
4. Mr Wang usually goes to work by bus. (改为同义句)
Mr Wang usually ____ a ____ ____ work.
5. It takes me half an hour to get to the shop. (对划线部分提问)
____ ____ ____ it take ____ to get to the shop?
6. His bike is new. My bike is newer. (合并为一句)
My bike is ____ ____ ____.
7. Peel the bananas and apples. (改为否定句)
____ peel the bananas ____ apples.
8. We have a good time every day. (用last Sunday改写句子)
We ____ a good time last Sunday.
9. He went to school when he was 7 years old. (对划线部分提问)
____ did he ____ to school?
10. They are going to have an English party this evening.
(对划线部分提问)
____ are they going to ____ this evening?
Ⅴ.英汉互译。(10分)
1. 多数学生每天晚上在家做作业。
________________________
2. 当你疲劳时,你应该听听音乐。
________________________
3. 盒子里有不同的东西。
________________________
4. 他花了两天的时间看这本书。
________________________
5. 明天我不得不帮母亲打扫房间。
________________________
6. Kate likes to wear the same clothes with me.
________________________
7. How many sandwiches did you eat yesterday?
________________________
8. I went to the Summer Palace the day before yesterday.
________________________
9. She started skating at the age of five.
________________________
10. It’s fine today. How about going fishing?
________________________
Ⅵ.完形填空。(10分)
Who is your idol(偶像)? Why do you like the person? Cool looks? Money? A lot of talent?
Shanghai teenagers say they __1__ more than that. Most of them say their idols are hardworking and brave(勇敢).
This summer, Shanghai’s Xinwen Evening News __2__ around 1,000 middle school students about their idols.
The newspaper __3__ people in six different groups: leaders, young heroes, teenagers, writers, artists and business people. Students were asked to __4__ one from each group.
NBA __5__ Yao Ming was the No. 1 Chinese idol __6__ 48% of all votes (投票).
Popular singer Jay Chou(周杰伦) is the teen’s __7__ star. A teenager said, “Jay is so kind to his mother and grandma. He __8__ good care of them.”
Shanghai students also like U.S. businessman Bill Gates. More than half picked him as their idol. A junior student who likes Gates said, “Bill was not __9__ rich. He worked hard. And he doesn’t like to tell everyone how rich he is. He also has courage(勇气). He __10__ school to start his own business!”
1. A. look upB. look afterC. look atD. look for
2. A. askedB. talkedC. spokeD. told
3. A. getB. keepC. putD. play
4. A. pickB. pick upC. hopeD. give
5. A. writerB. starC. businessmanD. leader
6. A. inB. withC. byD. for
7. A. bestB. funnyC. favoriteD. pleasant
8. A. looksB. paysC. drawsD. takes
9. A. keptB. hopedC. bornD. wanted
10. A. leftB. returnedC. went toD. went out
Ⅶ.阅读理解。(20分)
(A)
Two tramps(流浪汉) were sleeping under a tree by a busy main road when a large expensive car drove up and a man stepped out, walking up to the two tramps and waking them up.
“Just look at what you are doing there! ”the man began to say. “If you get up and look for a job, then you can live a better life. You might even become rich like me. By the time I was 40, I had become a leader (领导) of the company and now I am 60 and I am rich and can retire (退休).”
One of the tramps looked at him over and answered, “And if we had done all those things, we could also retire and sit under a tree and watch rich men driving by in expensive cars.”
1. The two tramps were waken up by ____.
A. a treeB. a manC. a busy roadD. a car
2. How did the man feel about the tramps? ____.
A. He took pity (可怜;同情) on them
B. He was proud of them
C. He felt happy for them
D. He showed his love to them
3. The man wanted the tramps to ____.
A. make a better lifeB. become a leader
C. have dinner with himD. retire at 60
4. The two tramps ____.
A. liked to go begging(乞讨)B. were very sad for their life
C. enjoyed their lifeD. admired(羡慕) the rich man
5. We can infer(推断) that ____.
A. the two tramps would try their best to find a job and live a better life
B. the man would give the two tramps a lot of money to spend
C. the man would do as the tramps did
D. the two tramps would do as they used to
(B)
Today the children of this country at last returned to work. After a two-month holiday pupils have started a new term. How many adults (成年人) get such a long holiday? Two or four weeks in the summer and public (公共的) holidays—that’s all working men get. For most women, they are not lucky to have a holiday at all.
Children don’t need such a long holiday. In term time they start work later and finish earlier than anyone else. In holidays most of them get bored(厌烦), and some get into trouble. What a waste!If their parents were given more free time instead, everyone would be happier. This is not just a national problem either—it is worldwide. Dates may be different from country to country, but the pattern(模式) is the same. Why should children do half as much work and get twice as much holidays as their parents?
1. Most working men get ____ weeks in the summer and public holidays. A. three and fiveB. two or fourC. four and sixD. two or six
2. From the passage we know that ____.
A. it is not easy for a woman to get a holiday
B. most women have holidays
C. no woman gets holidays
D. most men don’t have holidays
3. The writer thinks children ____.
A. must have such a long holiday
B. should have a long holiday
C. don’t need such a long holiday
D. should get into trouble in holidays
4. How long do children have for their holidays? ____.
A. Two weeks
B. Two days
C. Half of their parents’ holidays
D. Twice of their parents’ holidays
5. Children in ____ have long holidays.
A. few countriesB. many countries
C. just this countriesD. a few of countries
Ⅷ.书面表达。(10分)
根据所给文字提示,写一篇50—80个词的短文:
1. 假设你是李磊,你给你的美国朋友Bill写一封信,介绍你是如何学习
英语的。
2. 要求内容完整,书写规范,表达准确,标点正确,卷面清楚整洁。
3. 至少写五句话以上,多者不限,信的开头已经给出。
4. 关键词:favorite subject, work hard, practise reading, speaking, listening, writing, keep on doing, remember words, listen to…, watch English videos, talk in English (答卷时,不必局限于所给的关键词,可以根据自己的实际情况适当发挥。)
Dear Bill,
How are you? Today I want to tell you about my English study._____
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
【八年级上政治期末复习】推荐阅读:
七年级政治期末复习06-15
八年级下册政治复习题06-02
八年级政治总复习提纲2007-19
八年级上政治教学计划09-10
八年级上册人教版政治复习提纲09-14
七年级上政治复习资料07-06
高一政治上期末复习06-19
人教版思想政治八年级上《我知我家》教案05-26
八年级思想政治下册第二单元复习教学案09-27
政治试卷八年级10-28