青岛雅思 雅思写作辅导:雅思大作文审题三步走(精选9篇)
雅思大作文,要求学生在40分钟内写出一篇250字以上的essay,通常有辩论类和问题分析类。拿到作文题,我们第一件要做的事是审题,并且建议考生至少花2-3分钟的时间来做好这件事。雅思大作文,要求学生在40分钟内写出一篇250字以上的essay,通常有辩论类和问题分析类。拿到作文题,我们第一件要做的事是审题,并且建议考生至少花2-3分钟的时间来做好这件事。
审题的第一步是通读。通常考生的习惯是,拿到作文先看一下小作文考什么图,再看一下大作文考什么题,然后开始动手写小作文。其实就这么看一下,你知道了今天考的是什么类别,什么主题,就已经把通读的工作做好了。在一边写小作文的时候,你的大脑无意中其实已经开始酝酿大作文了。
审题第二步是细读。当小作文完成,考生正式开始进入大作文的时候,你需要再仔仔细细把题目读一次,并且要去找一下题目中的关键词,有没有限定词/句,有没有绝对词。所谓限定词,就是把题目的主题限定在一定范围内的词。比如:The incidence of violence/crimes for young people is increasing.Give possible reasons and recommendations of punishment and measures to the situation., 这个题目中youth就是一个关键词,全文必须围绕青少年来分析其犯罪原因和惩罚方案,有的学生写到了失业率高,找不到工作,没有钱负担生活,所以去犯罪。这个理由用于成年人的犯罪是很好,但大多数的青少年还在学习阶段,还没工作,自然谈不上失业的压力。所以写这个话题,如果我们从家庭和学校的环境,以及媒体的影响这几个方面去着手会更切题。所谓绝对词,就是all, best, only, the most等词汇,题目中出现这样词汇,考生是很容易提出反驳的。比如Some people think economic development is the only way to measure the success of a government.To what extend do you agree or disagree.经济的发展确实是衡量一个政府是否成功的重要标志,我们可以写一到两个段落来说明经济的重要性,然后再写一个让步段,来反驳ONLY这个词,可以提出教育的普及,社会福利等方面也不可忽视,这样文章就更全面。
审题的第一第二步,花的时间不超过15秒,最重要的是第三步——列提纲。这是所有写作老师都反复强调,而学生却总不愿意去做的一件事。不愿意列提纲的理由是大家总觉得40分钟时间宝贵,恨不得从第一秒就开始拼命写。但是,没有整理好思路,一边想一边写的结果是更加浪费时间,而且段落的发展越到后面越混乱。在列提纲之初,肯定是先要brainstorming,问题是很多考生brainstorming完了就以为自己审完了题目。其实brainstorming出来的很多点是有重复或者有因果关系的,如果以这些重复或有因果关系的点作为段落的主题句,那么写到后面一定会有问题。所以,我们应该花一点时间整理一下逻辑。比如讨论出国留学的好处和坏处,大多数学生很能想到下列的几个点1.得到更好的教育;2.得到更好的工作;3.开阔眼界4.文化交流 5.学习语言。其实这5个点,整理一下的话,可以发现1和5是并列的,2是其结果。3和4也同样是因果关系。这样5个点变成2个点,每个点的论证也有了着落,写起来就会很顺。而有些学生想到了1和2就觉得自己有来两个段落了,立刻开始动笔,写完主体第一段,再开始第二段的时候,突然发现其实得到更好的工作是更好教育的一个结果,如果要把这个段落写清楚就得把第一段再重复一遍。
雅思是由剑桥大学考试委员会和澳大利亚国际开发署联合开发的国际英语水平测试。目前, 进入欧洲和澳洲大学学习必须达到最低分数要求, 本科一般6.5, 而研究生为6.5~7。从目前学生考试成绩样本来看并不理想。雅思官网公布了2012年全球雅思考生分数分析:在全球41个主要雅思考生国中, 中国考生排第34名, 其中写作第33名, 口语倒数第一。数据显示, 中国大陆考生总分平均为5.6, 其中听力、阅读、写作、口语分别为5.8、5.9、5.2、5.3。实际上这个分数与笔者所教授学生的考试结果基本一致。从2007年到2014年, 笔者对学生的雅思成绩做了抽样统计。抽样学生共265人, 总成绩在7分及以上35人, 占13.2%;6.5分有102人, 占38.5%;6.0分有114人, 占43.0%;6.0分以下14人, 占5.3%。而写作成绩7分及以上5人, 占1.9%;6.5分有26人, 占9.8%;6.0分有102人, 38.5%;6.0分以下132人, 占49.8%。
一雅思写作低分原因探究
雅思大作文 (task2) 在写作中占比重为2/3, 可以说大作文的写作质量直接决定最后得分。学生分低的原因简单来讲就是所写文章没能达到较高的评分标准。一是任务反应 (Task Response) , 也就是是否完成了任务;二是连贯性和凝聚力 (Coherence and Cohesion) , 意思是逻辑论述是否清楚有力;三是词汇丰富性 (Lexical Resources) , 指词汇的丰富度;最后是语法范围和准确性 (Grammatical Range and Accuracy) , 也就是说句式是否多变。下面就从这几个方面展开论述。
1. 词的应用
词是语言的基础, 准确把握词义, 根据要求和语境选择合适的词是雅思写作用词的关键。在雅思大作文的写作中, 常出现的问题主要有四个方面:
第一, 最普遍的问题是用词过分简单。在不到40分钟的时间内完成一篇250字以上的作文, 加上部分话题不熟悉, 所以在写作时考生只想到最简单、最常用的词汇, 有时甚至出现很多口语化的词汇。在2013年7月暑期六五高分班的写作调查中, 21篇大作文, 四级以下词汇占92%而且多数为最常用的口语词汇, 如With the development…every sword has two edges…, I suppose…, advantages and disadvantage…等。更糟糕的是绝大多数学生都用相同或相近的词, 这样就会使雅思考官有视觉疲劳, 低分也就顺理成章了。
第二, 用词重复多。在论述一个观点时, 考生往往反复提到论述的主题, 如Teenager Crime, 当论述原因时考生会多次用到“青少年犯罪”, 那么这个词就在文章中多次出现, 笔者曾统计过6个学生的用词, 平均出现达14次。这样就会给考官一种印象, 词汇量匮乏。
第三, 错误用词。主要表现为单词的拼写错误和动词及介词使用错误。尽管雅思写作是综合评分, 但单词拼写错误属低级错误, 会引起考官反感而扣分;另外就是平时训练少, 没有扎实掌握一些词的用法, 受中式英语影响引起用词错误。如剑4中Test 2, Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?常见错误有: (1) …happiness can’t be purchased by money.很明显介词by的使用是受汉语的影响。应该把by换为with。 (2) …how can we achieve real happiness?We can, by various ways, so long as we can afford to endeavor and to take pains.很明显by用法错误, 应为in。 (3) In this sense, real happiness must be hard and“no pains, no gains or happiness”句中的and“no pains, no gains or happiness.”缺少了动词, 若增加, 句子很难处理。若在句中作变异处理就会表达完整。改为…must be hard.No pains, no happiness。
第四, 所用词汇缺少感染力。如有关政府投资教育的文章, They pay-lip service to education but don’t work for better远远好于They only promise to support education but….很明显, pay-lip service to education (口口声声支持教育) 很具有感染力。
2. 句法和段落问题
句子是构成文章的基础, 句子结构的好坏、句子的前后连贯和合理搭配都是构成一篇高分文章的基础, 而段落之间也是个连贯的整体, 不可分割。影响得分问题表现在:
第一, 简单句偏多, 缺少必要的连接词。尽管主题句常用简单句, 表达也很直接、明确。但全文过多使用简单句会显得句式单一, 由于缺少必要的连接词, 表达意思分散。一篇文章就是单句的堆放, 前后毫无逻辑可言。如:The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate.In China, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters films.该句词汇丰富, 用了westernized (西方化) , blockbuster (大片) , staggering rate (惊人的速度) , 但单句之间缺乏逻辑, 如果改为:rate, take China for example, when…就显得完整句式表达高大。
第二, 文章语法错误多, 尤其涉及到时态、倒装、主谓一致、从句和非谓语动词。最后涉及到的句式单一, 无变化。如:In the light of above factors, government should give a priority to education investment rather than infrastructure.Only when the citizens improve their living standards they can have a decent life.很明显, only+状语开头的句子要倒装, …they can…应该是can they..., 再者如果第一句换成被动语态会更加书面化。 (…priority should be given to education…)
从段落来看, 主要问题是段落分散, 前后不能连贯成一个整体。每段主体明确但与前后段没有关系或缺少必要的连接, 只要加常见连词即可。如:Primarily, in addition, furthermore, on the contrary, admittedly, undoubtedly, in conclusion等。
二任务型教学法在雅思写作中的应用
任务型教学法强调通过口头或书面交际共同获得意义。另外, 学习要注重探索知识体系本身的功能, 特别是探索怎样学习及应用这些知识。
在雅思大作文写作中, 任务型教学法对“任务”的选择考虑了以下几点:任务难度、信息的特征和任务参与者特征。Sketan根据语言的复杂性 (code complexity) 、认知的复杂性 (cognition complexity) 和交际的紧张度 (communication pressure) 三方面划分任务的难度。再次, 较熟悉的任务更容易执行, 但过于简单会使学生感到厌倦, 所以教学的安排是从简单到复杂, 从熟悉到不熟悉。最后, 任务参与者 (学生) 之间的相互熟悉程度对任务的执行也有影响。Plough和Gass认为, 相互熟悉的参与者更加容易交流, 更易完成任务。所以在选择写作任务时, 我们要充分考虑上述因素, 不能简单说该任务有用、很难, 而应该考虑能否达到写作训练的目的。Willis提出实施任务教学法的五项原则: (1) 提供有价值的真实的语言材料; (2) 应用语言; (3) 所选任务应能激发学生应用语言; (4) 应当注重某些语言形式; (5) 有时突出注意语言形式。
总之, 这些原则要求注意信息的输入 (input) 、使用 (use) 及对输入信息和语言使用的反映 (reflection on the input and use) 。
1. 雅思Task2写作前
根据任务型教学理论, 前期的任务主要包含三个方面: (1) 提供雅思大作文写作的要求, 如字数为至少250字, 时间为40分钟;评分标准;用大作文的重要性来激发考生的兴趣。 (2) 提供真实的语言材料, 如最近几年考试题目、体裁、作文写作类型、范文。分析语言结构和考官的评语以引起考生注意。 (3) 通过分析作文题目和范文引导学生注意一些得扣分点, 合理组织段落。
2. 雅思Task2写作时
在雅思大作文写作时, 按照以下问题进行探讨, 给学生启发和引导:
第一, 作文分几段写?实际上雅思的大作文包含以下三类:
第一类是讨论型:如Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behavior.Other disagrees and thinks that the host country should welcome cultural difference.Discuss both these views and give your opinion.该类型一般分4段来写。第一段引出主题, 第二段写正方观点, 第三段写反方观点, 第四段写自己的观点。
第二类作文是同意型:如Today, the high sales of popular costumers goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold.To what extent do you agree or disagree?该类作文笔者认为最好分5段, 依次为:背景和自己观点, 理由1, 理由2, 反衬, 总结。
第三类作文是提问型:如Many developing countries are increasingly expanding their tourism industry.Why is this case?Is it a positive development?这类文章就是回答问题并详尽阐述理由。一般分四段写:背景+观点, 理由1, 理由2, 总结。
第二, 主题句是什么?确定段落后, 要完成确定主题句的任务。这时要提示考生注意:主题句必须具有高度概括性, 不能论述太大, 否则很容易跑题且很难收尾。如论述男女平等问题:Women’s social status has improved greatly.着手写的时候就不知从哪方面写, 全写抓不住主题也消耗时间。如果写成:Women’s social status has improved a lot, especially in their economy.论述的目的性就很明确。反之, 主题句不能太具体, 否则没办法展开。如:Sometimes, it is hard to evaluate the direct social and economic significance of theoretical researches in an objective way.如果改为:to evaluate the significance of theoretical researches.然后从经济和社会方面以客观角度来展开。
第三, 如何展开?
首先拓展句的确定。从三个方面考虑:支撑主题句的观点有哪些?哪些能写出来?如何论述?如雅思作文练习主题句是Euthenasia is immoral (安乐死不道德) 。任务型教学第一步就是头脑风暴 (brainstorming) 列出所有能想出的理由, 如 (1) 非法滥用 (abuse) 。 (2) 生命是宝贵的, 任何人无权剥夺 (Nobody plays the role of God) 。 (3) 病人可能恢复健康 (recover) 。然后考生根据对上面所提三个方面的了解程度、论述所需词汇来确定选哪一个方面;最后展开论述。要求考生举例子或加数字来增加说服力。
其次保证行文流畅。句子是构成段落的基础。
第一步, 写作中布置任务, 要求考生尽量避免用词重复。如雅思常考题目“青少年犯罪”就可以用:the teenage crime rate;crime rate among teenagers;teenage crime rate;the number of crimes committed by teenagers;the quantity of crimes committed by adolescents等。
第二步, 在句子之间必须注意逻辑关系。任务型教学时, 先把最常用的连接词列出来然后进行缺词填空练习。如给出:further:and consequently AIDS, for example, in my opinion, to me however, personally, to put it another way, admittedly, even so, I strongly believed that it needs, What is more….等连接词, 要求考生选择合适的词填入下面的文章中:The issue______in all schools at secondary level has been an on-going debate for quite some time.______, such education is necessary part of curriculum at this level.______pupils need be given lessons on sex education, just like any other field of study.______, they should not be protected from this subject, as it is one of the most important….
第三步, 句式结构要多变。首先列出学生完成句子时必需的语法如倒装, 非谓语动词, 被动语态和从句。学生用多种方法做翻译练习:如近年来科技发展给我们带来很多的便捷……
第四步, 要求学生检查语法和词汇拼写错误, 对不确定的单词做同意转换。
第四, 段落质量如何保证?高质量的段落必须具备丰富的思想内容、思想表达的完整性和统一性、论点论据突出、长短适宜、语言的流畅性和阅读的美感。更重要的是段落之间的连贯统一。
3. 雅思Task2写作完成后
一篇文章完成后接下来的任务是对文章的纠错、修订与润色。首先老师把学生分组, 在小组内互评, 主要从单词拼写、语法和句式三个方面指出错误, 然后要求学生重新修改自己的作文。修改任务是写好文章的前提, 同时学生也可以发现自己的不足和别人的优势, 所以此阶段与写作阶段构成循环反复的过程。然后老师对不同得分等级的文章评阅, 重点修改文章的布局、内容和结构, 指出得分和失分点, 对普遍存在的问题在课堂上分析、讲解以加深学生印象。在雅思写作教学过程中应用任务型教学法, 关键在于任务的设计和实施, 要求教师能够做到任务难易结合、循序渐进;写作题目既要满足考试要求, 又要结合学生的基础和兴趣;在任务实施过程中要注意多引导和多启发, 采用多样化的评价方式。
参考文献
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Admittedly, it is the moral obligation for the rich groups to provide financial support to people who live in poor and disadvantageous situations. As is reported, over a billion people are still living in object poverty and each year over six million children die as a result of malnutrition. However, the cost of a dinner in a luxury restaurant for the millionaires may be equal to several years’ living expense for the poor. Therefore, it seems reasonable and sensible for them to donate money and goods to charity.
Nevertheless, I do not contend such practice is the vital thing for being rich. The most rooted reason is that, they are entitled to allocate their wealth. A case in the point is that large amount of disposal income can be invested in the acquisition of some promising venture companies, in which case, they are likely to earn a fortune in the near future. In addition, it is government that should place a high priority on fighting hunger and poverty. Financial aid, sound welfare system and sufficient employment opportunities are all supposed to be provided to counteract with this recurring problem. If the authority only relies on the efforts of the rich, this potential threat to social stability will not be fundamentally removed.
雅思写作尤其是大作文早已让众多考鸭在历次考试中几近崩溃,而在写作评分标准中占有重要地位的审题又成了大家头疼的难题。雅思大作文的难度就决定了审题并没有想象中那么轻松,稍不注意就会阴沟翻船,导致跑题。如何才能做到审题精准,把跑题的几率降到最低是很多人想要做到的。
从考察的题目类型来看,大作文主要有两种,议论文以及报告文。一篇议论文中,好的审题不仅可以让考生轻松对应考察话题,树立个人立场,同时还能帮助他们快速找到论点以及所需要的素材。下面我们将重点分析议论文的题目审题。
议论文题目的审题可以分成三步:
1.对应题目涉及的话题
议论文的常考题目按照内容可以大致划分为:
教育类:(如自学还是跟老师学,学广还是学精,是否参与课外活动)
科技类:(高科技的发展是否缩小贫富差距)
政府类(对罪犯的惩罚,政府的投资方向,老建筑的保留)
经济类(全球化的好坏,跨国公司是否应该进驻)
媒体广告类:(如电视节目对青少年是好是坏,广告好处多还是坏处多,)
环境类:(如环境问题的治理个人和政府谁来参与)
工作生活类:(如在大公司还是小公司,如食品烹饪便捷是否提高生活质量)
这些话题不是独立存在,互相之间会有交叉,所以拿到题目之后,先去锁定范围,然后对应之前整理过的题目,分析这类题目的常考话题以及角度,把方向性跑题扼杀在摇篮里。
例:Some people believe that building more sports facilities is beneficial for the public health while some other think the practice has limited effects. Discuss both viewpoints and give your own opinion.
通过这道题目,锁定话题:政府类话题增建运动设施,确保大方向不要跑偏。
2.抓题中考点,缩小或者扩大范围
还是这道题目:Some people believe that building more sports facilities is beneficial for the public health while some other think the practice has limited effects. Discuss both viewpoints and give your own opinion.
通过刚刚的审题,已经找到话题,再具体到考点,题中问的是运动设施的增加是否有利于公众健康,所以我们考虑整个题目的范围只能缩小到是否有利于公众健康上,如有同学说到运动设施可以美化环境,就已经跑题。
再例如:
Arts(painting and music) do not directly improve people’s life, so government should spend money on other important areas. Do you agree or disagree?
依旧政府类话题,投资艺术。然后锁定考点,题中的观点是因为没有提升人们生活,所以不投艺术。根据这个观点,缩小话题范围,政府投不投艺术取决于是否能提升人们生活。如果有学生说到投资艺术可以促进国家间文化交流,就偏离了话题。
3.树立个人立场
根据题中立场,结合常识,树立个人立场。个人立场并没有任何规定。可以倾向于一方,也可以两方都有道理。但切记一定不可以极端。如例1,一些学生认为运动设施增加的确可以提升健康,但太单一。如例2,有学生觉得政府投资是要兼顾到艺术的。
雅思考试写作范文:本科生挣钱多?
Should grad student be paid higher than non-grads?
In our country, it is obvious now that the university graduates earn more money than non-graduates (a funny contrast in which It was opposite scenario when in 1970s china). I quite agree with those graduates who have paid a lot for their studies and expect to make more for either himself or his family. However, it is not so optimistically for those who hope to make it. The critical career competition makes them frustrated due to many factors involved.(79)
One of the utmost factors is they feel what they anticipate is not matching up with what they have found in reality. Many university graduates are not satisfied with what they get for what they have done. As a matter of fact, some of them expect so unrealistic that they immediately lose the credit to the workforce they belong to. On contrary, some of the non-graduate students who are more realistic in career hunting tend to get more satisfied job compared with graduates. Thus what really matters here in salary balance is how one can contribute to the organization rather than what background they hold.(105)
The tuition is really high in China. Many high quality students due to this have lost their academic pursuit. This is really shameful for a family or any government who initially should take the burden for whatever reason is supposed to be. Any responsible government should inevitably take this burden and put more money in order to bring up better next generation for the nation.(65)
雅思写作范文:幸福是什么
Without any discussing, the key to happiness, in my opinion, is a harmonious relationship with the people in our lives.
It is the people in our lives who bring us the most happiness. Family, friends and co-workers, who are part of our inner circle, share our experiences, hopes and dreams, successes and frustrations, joys and pains. Too often, many of us get on the fast track of life and take each other for granted. As a new millennium approach, more people disregard their passion and interests and choose careers based on job security, pay and professional promotion. As a result, they find themselves isolated and without friends. Loneliness is a common tragedy that destroys lives.
Actually we were old enough to remember the old saying “Money doesn’t buy happiness”, yet we strive for the material objects and pay a high price. The essence of happiness is the unconditionally love we have for the people in our lives and their unconditionally love for us. To live life only for ourselves will bring us nothing but sadness and misery.
A self-centered life is an unhappy life. Selfishness is a major block to happiness. Our feelings of insecurity and low self-esteem cause us to be takers rather than givers. Our selfishness is often a mask for fear. If we don’t think too much about ourselves, we have a lot of work to do in order to enhance our self-worth. We must live for something greater than ourselves. To be happy, we must get out of ourselves. An unhappy person must turn outward, not inward, to find happiness.
I truly believe that the happiest people are those who love many things. They love children, family and friends. They love sunrises and sunsets. They love life. They have even learned to love pain and despair rather than viewing them the opposite of happiness.
雅思考试写作范文:生活压力变大的原因
Task:It is said that people’s life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it?
思路解析:
1. 科技更新太快,这意味着人们不得不很努力地不停学习新的知识和技能。此外,激烈的就业竞争也让人们每天都处在紧张状态中。
2. 需要背负很多家庭责任,如照顾父母,照顾小孩。而生活成本却在不断增加,这让人们感受到经济上的压力。
3. 如何释放压力:多运动,运动能让人摆脱抑郁和沮丧,恢复精神上的放松。多跟人交流,这能获得来自他人的安慰,建议,和关爱,让人们看淡困难和焦虑。
参考范文:
The acceleration of industrialization and the prosperity of economy benefit our society a great deal. But with the speeding up of economic development, people are facing more and more pressure from various aspects of their life. This essay will explore the causes for the heavy pressure and put forward some feasible solutions.
One of the major causes is that people’s living rhythm has been promoted immensely with the upgrading of new-knowledge and hi-tech. To keep abreast with the society, people have to work intensively on the one hand and improve their knowledge on the other. The economic globalization strengthened international cooperation and expand people’s scope of activity. The fierce social competition deprives people of their spare time and makes their life more stressful.
Another factor comes from the pressure of people’s family. People in the current society have to shoulder the responsibility of family maintenance. On the one hand, people have to care for their parents, creating for them a happy and comfortable life. On the other hand, they have to give their children good education. To earn more money, people have to work very hard to finance their family.
If people live in heavy pressure, they will have problems both physically and psychologically. To relieve the pressure, I think the following suggestions are feasible and practical. Firstly, people are suggested to go in for some sports games in their spare time or at the weekend. Sports can build up people’s physique and make them vigorous. Secondly, people should communicate with others frequently and confess their trouble and difficulty to others, which is a very magic way to release one’s pressure. Finally, people have to find a balance between money and health. Otherwise, one’s health will be overdrawn and spoiled by money earning.
雅思作文跟国内写作一样都是话题作文,在紧张的时间里抓住题目思想进行立意是关键,雅思写作和国内的写作不同之处在于:
一、考题范围广并多涉及负面问题。
雅思考试的作文涉及教育、科技、犯罪、媒体、政府等各个方面。这是由英国的教育方式决定的。国外多是小班教学,以讨论课为主。学生围绕一个topic,进行辩论、相互驳斥,以此锻炼学生的语言和思维能力。
例如:关于交通警察是否可以配枪的`话题。这个问题反映了现实意义:当时的伦敦和柏林等地区有多处骚乱,而这个问题英国议会真的有辩论过。这就要求我们考生要关注国际环境,培养自己的国际视野。
二、重辩论能力。
雅思写作:如何跳出TASK2三步走误区?
众所周知,雅思写作(学术类)TASK2考察的领域广泛,出题陷阱重重,完成任务的时间紧迫,对烤鸭们短时间之内组织语言和素材的能力提出了近乎苛刻的要求。本文的目的在于和广大烤鸭一起探讨如何跳出TASK2全文写作3步走中常见的误区。
一步走:仔细审题,准确理解题意
根据笔者长期批改烤鸭作文的经验,审题过程中考生主要会走入两个误区:
误区1:因混淆个别单词而导致全文走题。
如09年7月25号曾考过这样一道题:
Nowadays sending children to boarding school is becoming increasingly popular.What is the reason? Do you think it is a positive development?
有的烤鸭由于之前接触过Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad/working abroad for a period of time这样的考题而误把boarding理解成abroad,导致全篇皆在谈留学热的原因和好处而跑题。
指点迷津:对于此类考生除了在心态上要戒急戒躁外,还应在审题过程中把重点单词用笔划记下来以提醒自己写作的重点。其次,有考生很有可能是因为不认识boarding这样的词汇而凭借自己对abroad的模糊印象来理解题目,导致全盘皆输。这类考生应该恶补自己的词汇,把近3年内的雅思考题仔细浏览一遍,把生词挑出来并加以记忆,这时考生会发现有些题目的出镜率是很高的,但问题形式往往会有细微的差别,考生应重点关注这些细微差别以免重蹈覆辙前面的错误。
误区2: 因概念偷换而导致全文走题。
如09年8月29号考过这样一道题:
In the past, people travel aboard for the differences of other countries.Nowadays places are becoming more and more similar.What are the causes of the increasing similarity? Do you think the advantage of the development overweigh the disadvantage?
部分烤鸭由于之前接触过What is the advantages and disadvantages of globalization这样的考题而误把原文中的Nowadays places are becoming more and more similar等同于globalization,导致全篇皆在谈全球化的原因和利弊而跑题。
资料来源:教育优选 http:///
最权威的国际教育服务平台
指点迷津:这类考生在分领域备考大作文时,应该理清楚题目当中所提到的概念和备考领域的从属关系,如上题中Nowadays places are becoming more and more similar。(即同一化)这实际上只是全球化的一种结果,并不能等同于全球化。考生在分领域备考过程中不妨画出一些树状结构图,着重画出(如下图中的红色字体)容易混淆的概念以提醒自己重点区分。如全球化和同一化的树状结构图表示如下:
二步走:列清提纲,条分缕析,论证得体有力
考生在第一步准确理解题意之后不要急于动笔,尽管此时脑海中已经涌现出无数的ideas和evidence,但是这些素材往往是杂乱无章的,需要通过精心布置全文的结构以及确定好段与段之间,句与句之间,句子内部之间的逻辑关系。布局谋篇的时候考生通常会走入以下2个误区。
误区一: 概念混杂,内容重复。
还是看09年7月25号的这道题目:
Nowadays sending children to boarding school is becoming increasingly popular.What is the reason? Do you think it is a positive development?
某考生采取了传统的四段式对称写作结构:
从以上结构图可以看出来,主体段1和主体段2的第一二点完全重合,这时候考官会觉得该考生只会用新瓶装旧酒,即用不同的语言来表达同样的内容,素材贫乏,得分自然不会高。
指点迷津:建议这类考生大量地去诵读相关领域的范文,注意学习别人新颖的观点。同时,一定在列提纲过程中问自己:“某些重复的内容可不可以在此基础上进一步拓展出新的内容。”如上题中由第一点和第二点“良好的师资水平,优良的管理水平,先进的教学设备和优越的住宿条件”可不可以拓展出寄宿学校的学生相对于走读学校的学生而言会享有更加充裕和更高水准的教育资源,而这将为他们以后的进一步学习深造和成就事业打下更好的基础。同时,由于接触的同伴和自己在家庭背景和教育背景相似的情况下会有更多的共同语言,有利于培养真挚的友谊,同时也为自己今后的创业打下良好的人脉基础。
误区二:举例过于具体,代表性不强。
如2008年12月13号曾经考过这样一道雅思题:
Some people believe that a country can benefit a lot from the fact that many students graduate from universities.Others believe that sending a large percentage of young students to university is the way which leads to future highly rate of unemployment.Discuss both views and give your own opinion?
资料来源:教育优选 http:///
最权威的国际教育服务平台
某考生在文章的最后写道:So in my opinion, it’s necessary for a county to send more students to the university and meet the requirement of the market for more talents.But in general I think it’s better for a country to improve the standard of entering the university.It’s also good for China to select the students in the new ways but Gaokao.This will be more essential than built several new universities。
这里姑且不讨论最后提出来的“improve the standard of entering the university”有跑题的嫌疑,光是It’s also good for China to select the students in the new ways but Gaokao。这一句中China和Gaokao两个名词的出现就会让考官丈二和尚摸不着头脑,因为考官压根就不知道中国的高考是怎么一回事。而且就算知道,他也会认为你的文章因为采取了这样个体化的例子而削弱了整体的说服力,因为在学术化的写作里个别的事例并不具广泛推广意义。
指点迷津:不可否认的是,面对如此抽象的雅思题我们应该联系身边的具体事例,但是一定要有一个模糊化的过程,因为只要把范围一扩大,你的广泛代表意义就会比个体的实力强。如上题中考生可以把China的范围模糊化到all countries, 把Gaokao模糊化到全国高等教育入学考试(national matriculation test),这样你文章的代表意义就更强。
三步走:润色语言,字斟句酌,力争字字珠玑
误区一: 在没有扎实语法功底的情况下一味追求长难句。
如2007年8月4号有这道题目:
Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world.Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有考生在第一段的第一句话抛出了这样的句子:There is not-self evidence that international tourism are exerting profound impact on contemporary society development。这一句话15个单词出现的语法错误一共为4个:
There is not-self evidence that(it is self-evident that)international tourism are(is)exerting profound impact on(exerting a profound influence on)contemporary society development(the development of our contemporary of our society).试问考官在一篇文章最开始的时候就看到了如此噩梦般的句子他还有看下去的勇气吗?
指点迷津:不可否认,在语句正确的基础上我们应该追求用词和句式结构的复杂性,但是一条,句子应当遵循“宁简勿错”的原则,建议语法基础薄弱的考生能在习作过程中请人修改自己的语法错误并将常犯的语法错误归下类,再针对自己的语法弱项不断做相关方面的改错和翻译练习,当自己写出来的句子没有大的语法错误时再去尝试着用比较复杂的句式。
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最权威的国际教育服务平台
误区二:同一表达出现次数过多,同义词词库不丰富。
最典型的例子为:看到“好处坏处”就想到advantages and disadvantages;看到“越来越多”就想到more and more;看到“赞成不赞成”就想到agree and disagree;看到“我认为”就想到in my opinion,诸如此类,不胜枚举。
指点迷津:对于此类考生惟一的办法就是通过不断地通过观摩范文,查同义词字典,拿同义词做造句练习建立、丰富并熟练自己的同义词词库,不断地结合文章练习直至原来的陈词滥调在自己文章中消失为止。
总之,学术类写作Task 2中陷阱重重,考生应该在观摩学习范文的基础上不断练习反省,在结构完整,条理清晰,语句通顺的基础上再追求用词用句的复杂性,只有通过循序渐进和持之以恒的练习写作才会有长足的提高。
(一)词汇运用的层次
通过对雅思写作评分标准,官方范文以及考生所写的文章的分析,考生在用词方面可以分为以下几个层次:
1. 正确(Correct):表达你想表达的意思,对于同一个意思可能有好几个词,那么同义词基本上都是正确的。
2. 合适(Appropriate):在不同语境下要使用不同的词,比如在肯定的语义中要用褒义词,而在否定的语义中要使用贬义词。
3. 精确(Exact):要联系上下文,尽可能用词到位,因为有些词是不够精确的。比如: allocate part of the fiscal revenue,allocate是分配,不能用divide来替换。
4. 灵活(Smart):英语本身就有很多约定俗成的表达方法,用我们的话来说,就是有很多潜规则。因此,我们要注意培养地道英语表达,还要注意词汇的固定搭配。
(二)词汇的变换技巧
在写作评分标准里有明确的关于词汇的标准: Lexical Resource: 词汇资源。它考察词汇的运用是否多样恰当且准确。词汇的多少并不能决定文章的好坏,但用词精确性是可以加分的。一般来说,词汇的准确表达可以通过两个方面达到,一是在用词的难度上拔高,二是在近义词的多种表达上提升。值得提醒的是,不要过分堆积华丽的,会给考官留下华而不实的感觉。
1. 使用同义词进行替换
使用同义词的.好处在于首先可以向考官展示考生词汇量的丰富,其次也可以使文章富有变化。因此,同义词的运用是衡量考生英语水平的一个很有力的标准,考官认同你的同时,自然也会给你高分。请看下面的例子:
School teachers used to be the source of information. However,some people argue that teachers are not as important as before because there is an increasing variety of information resources. What is your opinion? (4月24日考题)
《青岛雅思培训文库》系列文章有青岛新航道学校教师原创,如有转载,请注明出处。
近日,我参加了3月31日在青岛的雅思考试。目的是通过这次实践,更透彻的了解雅思考试,更好的为学生提供经验教训,有利于今后的雅思教学。通过这次考试,我确实收获了一些心得体会,也因此更能站在学生的角度上看待雅思考试,对于怎样备考,我有以下几点体会,算是抛砖引玉,希望学生能从我的备考中得到启发,从而拿到高分,“屠鸭”成功。(本文章来自于新航道《青岛雅思培训文库》)
听力方面,在本次雅思考试中,我最大的教训,就是对于听力中地图题的把握不够。由于之前欠缺练习,对于雅思听力的出题模式不甚了解,导致我在即使听懂了文本的情况下,没有找到做题思路。地图题一开始介绍方位时,我没能调整思路,因此错过了听到正确选项的最佳时机。我想这也是很多雅思考生所困惑的问题之一,那就是明明具备了一定的听力水平,也完全能够听懂文本,但是一落实到题目上(尤以地图题最为明显)就不知所措了。其实,雅思考试并不仅仅考察考生的听力水平,其逻辑思维和空间思维能力也是得高分必不可少的因素。因此我建议雅思考生多注意地图题这类考察学生一边听文本,一边进行逻辑思维的考题,在考前着重练习。同时,对于一些基础较差的学生,单词至为关键,单词量的匮乏不仅体现在关键词听不懂从而错过答案,还体现在即使听懂了却不会拼写的悲剧上。在我的教学过程中,我发现很多学生存在背单词的误区,那就是当学生在背
单词时,往往只是摊开单词书,两眼扫视一遍单词就算是背过了,这种“盲背”的坏习惯长此以往,必定会事倍功半。学生只着眼于单词拼写,只会在做阅读时对单词有个大致意思的印象。但是一涉及听力,即使是已经知道意思的单词,由于不熟悉发音,还是听不出来。因此我建议雅思考生在备考听力时,一定要将“阅读单词”和“听力单词”区分开。不仅要看拼写,还要边听词汇书所配备的mp3,熟悉单词发音,才能做到真正背过单词。(本文章来自于新航道《青岛雅思培训文库》)
阅读方面,我的心得是一定要把握好做题时间,合理分配每篇文章的时间,争取不超过二十分钟。如果时间没把握好,那么做最后一篇时就会比较紧张,影响做题心情,如果再加上题目有一定难度,很多学生便放弃了,如此一来,失分非常可惜。相对来说,阅读在雅思四项考试中比较好得分,建议学生平时多做练习,积累词汇。在选择词汇书时,尽量选择分类词汇书,很多学生反应按照字母排序的方法背单词很头疼,如果分门别类的背单词,同类别的放在一起记忆,效果会更好。(本文章来自于新航道《青岛雅思培训文库》)
写作方面,我最大的体会是一定要仔细审题,雅思作文题目其实并不难理解,但是有很多学生审题不够缜密,导致跑题现象。审题过程中,不仅要注意题目大意,更好注意限定词和修饰词。比如我所参加的雅思考试中大作文的题目是In some cultures,old age are highly valued, but in other cultures youth are more valued.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.我在审题时就遗
漏了一个重要细节,那就是对不同culture的分析。因此我的写作是整场考试中失分最严重的一项。通过我的教训,我建议学生在平时练习作文时不要仅仅局限于语言的优美和逻辑性思维这些老师平时强调比较多的方面,也要有意识的提高审题能力,避免跑题。(本文章来自于新航道《青岛雅思培训文库》)
口语方面,很多学生问我背模板是否有用,其实,我并不建议考生在口语考试时背模板。因为在我进行口语考试时,考官一直不断地打断我的回答并且更换话题,甚至有的问题我只回答了一句就被考官打断,目的就是防止我背模板。因此就算学生准备了模板,考官一有怀疑就会不停打断学生,反而使学生更加紧张。我建议学生在备考雅思口语时,多收集话题进行自我训练,从而形成自己的“模板”,在遇到类似问题时,能够举一反三,缩短思考时间,更加流利的回答问题。同时,自己总结“模板”还能避免网上模板跟考生自身水平不相符从而被考官看穿的问题。总之一句话,要想在雅思口语中取得不错的分数,多对不同话题勤加练习,总结自己的答题模式至为关键。(本文章来自于新航道《青岛雅思培训文库》)
此次亲历雅思考试,我像学生们一样走进考场,冥思苦想,奋笔疾书,体会了一次检验和考察。这次经历使我对学生们存在的问题有了更深刻的了解,同时也激励我更专注的教学,因为我听到了学生们的心声,体会了学生们的困惑。真心希望每个备考雅思的同学都能得偿所愿。(本文章来自于新航道《青岛雅思培训文库》)
《青岛雅思培训文库》致力于为青岛雅思培训学员提供关于雅思
Seen from the positive aspects, many benefits could be gained by selecting and buying our favorites on line. The most glaring merit is that on-line shopping not only surmounts the geographical barrier,economizes great amounts of time, but also improves the flexibility of consumption. In this sense, those who select on-line shopping have more time to embark on more worthwhile things such as focusing on working or building up physique. Another advantage coming from on-line consumption is that it adds spice to our dull routine of daily life. A case in point is that a lot of fashionable ladies take pleasure in browsing various on-line shops, comparing different prices and bargaining with the owners of on-line shops. They usually end up buying their desirable goods. Last,on-line shopping will exert a beneficial influence on one’s financial budget due to the fact that on-line shops, in most cases, do not need to rent spacious places or employing many salesgirls, therefore, the price of on-line merchandise is, comparatively speaking, economical and reasonable, which indicates that we can buy more desirable goods even though we are hard-pressed for money.
Problems, however, inevitably ensue. On-line shopping is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. One possible demerit is that many on-line advertisements are full of flowery phrases and empty promises, therefore, consumers might be fooled into buying counterfeited goods. Many stories concerning on-line consumption fraud could justify my worry. Even worse,it is highly possible that some young consumers might spend money like water on their favorite goods on line out of the reason of seizing the chances of discount, in this case, on-line buying will impose much pressure upon some unwise consumers economically.
Overall, what is of the utmost importance is to harness the merits of on-line buying and discard its demerits. The government should be urged to strengthen the censorship of on-line ads. Meanwhile, it is the duty of every consumer to raise the awareness of wise consumption.
雅思大作文模板:在家办公学习的利弊
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