高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习（共6篇）
一）主谓一致的种类
1．语法形式上的一致
1)主语为单数形式（一个单数名词，一个ving（短语），一个to do（短语）或一个从句），谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式（复数名词，两个或两个以上的ving（短语）、to do（短语）或从句），谓语动词也用复数形式。如： The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.Giving Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数视主语而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）不定代词作主语，主语是one，another，the other，either，somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody，someone，anyone，everyone, no one，something，anything，everything，nothing等，谓语用单数。Nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals are on Earth.Everyone was calm.4）复数形式的名词作主语。主语是glasses, shorts, shoes, scissors, gloves, trousers等复数名词，谓语用复数。但其前有“pair/ kind/ type of ”时，谓语动词的数一般与pair，kind, type等的一致。The trousers are all right.Now please try on the shirt.A pair of Funky Swanky jeans costs 80yuan ,available in all Funky Swanky shops now.2．意义上一致
1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting.单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。People often use body language on purpose.The police are searching for the thief.2)某些集体名词，如family, audience，class，club，company，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
His family is a happy one.The whole family are watching TV.3）不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more, the rest, half等作主语时，有以下两种情况：
单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词用单数(指代不可数名词)或复数（指代复数名词）形式，例如： Now all has been changed.All are present.either, neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。
但后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。如： Do(es)any of you know his address ? None of them has(have)seen the film.4）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。单、复数同形的名词deer，sheep做主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如： A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.如： The(This)glass works was set up in 1980.(这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）glass works are near the railway station.（这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）
5）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数，形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。如：The news was so surprising.6）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如： Three years has passed since then.Ten pounds is enough.7）“名词+and+名词”做主语，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。如： The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor.To love and to be loved is great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.8）“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语，要根据of后的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。名词为不可数名词或单数可数名词时，谓语用单数；名词为复数时，谓语用复数。
80% of e-mails on the Internet are in English.Two thirds of the apple is rotten.Two thirds of the apples are rotten.9)名词化的形容词作主语
如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：
The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier 10)不定代词“each,/every+单数名词+and+单数名词”或“each,/every+单数名词+and+ each,/every+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.In other words, every action and movement in Beijing Opera is important.11)从句作主语
由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但由what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如： What we need is more time What we need are doctors.12)“a number of+名词复数”，谓语用复数，“the number of +复数名词”谓语用单数。
13）“a quantity of +不可数名词/可数名词”作主语，谓语动词的数取决于名词是否可数。“quantities of +不可数名词/ 可数名词” 作主语，谓语用复数。A large quantity of beer was drunk.A large quantity of nuts are on the table.(large)Quantities of nuts are on the table.3．就近原则,即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
1)用连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如： Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.2)如果主语由more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如： More members than one are against your plan.3）在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如： Between the two windows hangs a picture.There is a station and a free car park
1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A.hundreds people B.hundred people C.hundreds peoples D.hundred peoples 2.Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 3.I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be 4.The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.A.is to hold;is B.is to be held;was C.are to hold;is D.are to be held;is 5.There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.A.were;it B.are;them C.was;it D.is;them 6.Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.A.is exploited B.are exploited C.had exploited D.have exploited 7.Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.A.is B.was C.are D.were 8.Mathematics _______ the language of science.A.are B.are going to be C.is D.is to be 9.Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is 11.What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.The whole family _______ TV attentively.A.are watching B.is watching C.is seeing D.are seeing 13.Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A.was B.were C.have been D.would be 14.At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.A.were B.was C.is D.sits 15.If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A.are not preserved B.is not preserved C.were preserved D.have not been preserved 16.There ______ little change in that middle school.A.have B.had C.have been D.has been 17.What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.A.going to be B./ C.is D.that 18.Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.A.is covered B.is covering C.were covered D.are covered 19.The following ______ some other mental diseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were 20.Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.A.are B.is C.am D.were 21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.A.have told B.tells C.were told D.was told 22.You and I _____ twin sisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am 23.A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.A.are telling B.is telling C.are given D.were given 24.Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.A.rots away B.rot away C.has rotted away D.are rotted away 25.Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.A.is cleaning B.are cleaning C.were cleaning D.have cleaned 26.Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.A.have known B.knows C.is known D.are known 27.The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A.were B.has been C.had been D.was 28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？” “______.”
A.Nobody of us has B.Nobody of us have C.None of us has D.None of us did 29.A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.A.were advancing B.were advanced C.was advancing D.advancing 30.Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.A.is enjoy B.were enjoying C.enjoys D.enjoy
1.解析：选B.hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s 2.解析：选D.当either „or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
3.解析：选A.who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am.4.解析：选D.主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
5.解析：选C.there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。
6.解析：选A.主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。
7.解析：选A.主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8.解析：选C.此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。9.解析：选B.both----and---连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。10.解析：选C.either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either要数上保持一致。
11.解析：选B.what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。
12.解析：选A.此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。13.解析：选A.此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。14.解析：选A.此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.15.解析：选B.此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.16.解析：选D.此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。17.解析：选C.本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。
18.解析：选A.本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。19.解析：选B.本句的表语 是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。20.解析：选C.根据 就近一致性原则，谓语用am.21.解析：选B.本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。22.解析：选B.用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形.23.解析：选B.本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
24.解析：选B.本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。25.解析：选A.本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。
26.解析：选B.主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。27.解析：选D.主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。Long ago 表示过去.28.解析：选C.因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us.29.解析：选A.主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。
它通常依据三项原则:
1)语法一致; 2)意义一致; 3)就近一致。
【语法一致原则】
Ⅰ.主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式: e.g.
①I love/She loves music. 我/她爱好音乐。
②Are your mother a worker? (误)你母亲是工人吗?
Is your mother a worker? (正)(主语your mother是单数第三人称)e.g.
Ⅱ.主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式:
1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)”或“从句”等作主语, 用单数谓语形式。e.g.
①The work is important. 这项工作重要。
②To serve the country is our duty. 为祖国服务是我们的义务。
③How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历。
2.复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式。e.g.
①The children are taken good care of. 孩子们得到很好的照料。
②They have gone to Chengdu. 他们去成都了。
Ⅲ.以“and”或“both…and”连接的并列主语:
1.通常作复数用。e.g.
①Plastics and rubber never rot. 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。
②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。
③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学。
2.如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人(事、物、抽象概念), 作单数用。e.g.
①The worker and writer has come. 这位工人兼作家来了。
②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车。
③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。
3.“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every, many a, no”等修饰时, 仍作单数用。e.g.
①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.
这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。
②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity.
没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。
Ⅳ.主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时:
1.1)“many a+单名”接单数谓语;“a good (great) many+复名”接复数谓语。e.g.
①Many a fine man has died for it. 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议。
2)“a/an+单名+or two”大多接单数谓语;“one or two+复名”接复数谓语。e.g.
①Only a word or two is (are) needed. 只需说一两句。
②One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由。
3)“a/an+单名+and a half”常接单数谓语;“one and a half+复名”多接复数谓语。e.g.
①A year and a half has passed. 一年半已过去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米。
4)“more than one+单名”大多接单数谓语; e.g.
①More than one person was (were) absent. 不止一个人缺席。
“more+复名+than one”接复数谓语。e.g.
②More students than one have been there. 不止一个学生去过那儿。
“more than two (three,…)+复名”接复数谓语。e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert.
不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。
2.主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/metre/…) of”等时, 表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的形式。e.g.
a)①There is only a small quantity of paper (books) left. 只剩下少量的纸(书)了。
②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。
b)①This kind of apple is sweet. 这种苹果甜。
②This kind of apples is (are) sweet. (大多依kind, 作单数用)
③These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet. (总作复数用)
但:Apples of this kind are sweet. (总作复数用)
3.主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时:谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致。可构成这类短语的常有“with, along with, together with, as well as, but, besides, except, added to, including, like, no less than, rather than, more than”等。e.g.
①A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。
②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们, 我也愿帮助你。
4.“one of+复数名词+定语从句”:
1)定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”, 因此从句的谓语用复数形式。e.g.
①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.
这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。(关系词“that”代“novels”)
②He was one of the boys who were praised. 他是受表扬的男孩之一。
2)若“one”前加“this, the, the only”等时, 定语从句的关系词指代one, 作从句主语时, 接单数谓语。e.g.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词“who”代“the only one”)
【意义一致原则】
Ⅰ. 集合名词作主语时:(参见“名词”部分)
1.有些通常作复数用(不变词形)。如“people, police, cattle(牛,牲口), folk, youth, militia (民兵)”等。e.g.
The police have caught the murderer. 警方已捕获凶手。
2.有些指“整体”时作单数, 指其中的“成员”时作复数(不变词形)。如 “army, audience(听众), class, club(俱乐部), company(公司), committee(委员会), crew, crowd, staff(员工), family, public, government, group, party, union, couple, population, team”等。e.g.
①Our family is a happy one. 我们有个幸福的家庭。
②The family are early risers. 这家人都起得早。
③The public are (is) requested not to litter. 请公众不要乱扔废弃物。
但上述集合名词也可有复数形式。如families, two classes等。有些变复数形式后意义不同。如:peoples多个民族; youths男青年; folks亲友。
Ⅱ.代词作主语时:(参见“代词”部分)
1.不定代词“each, one, much, (a) little, neither, another, the other(+单名)”等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.
①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat. 每个女孩都有顶新帽子。
②Neither plan suits me.
③Neither of the plans suits/suit me. 两个计划都不适合我。
2.下列复合不定代词一般作单数用:“someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, eveything, nobody, no one, nothing”等。e.g.
①Is everybody here? 都到齐了吗?
②There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况。
3.下列不定代词作复数用:“(a) few, many, several, both”等。e.g.
①Few (of the guests) were familiar to us. 没几个(客人)是我们熟识的。
②Both (of) these are interesting. 两部影片都有趣。
4.下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数:
1)“what, which, who, whose”等。e.g.
①Who is your brother? 你兄弟是谁?
②Who are League Members? 哪些是团员?
2)“all, some, more, most, any, none, a lot (of), lots (of)”等。e.g.
①All (of the students) are working hard. (所有的学生)都在用功。
②All (of the paint) is fine. (这些油漆)都很好。
3)“half (of), plenty (of), the rest (of), (a) part (of), the remainder (of)余下的” 等。e.g.
①Half of the apples are bad. 苹果中有一半是坏的。
②Half of the apple is bad. 这只苹果坏了一半。
Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时:(参见“数词”部分)
1.表示“运算”的数词通常作单数。e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty. 十乘以四得四十。
2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语, 作“整体”看时作单数用, 侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time. 二十年光阴, 弹指一挥间。
②Twenty years have passed since he left. 他离开已二十个年头了。
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。e.g.
①About 40 percent/two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading.
这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读。
②Only sixty percent/three-fifths of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4.“a number of (许多)/a variety of (各式各样)”+复数名词, 常作复数用。e.g.
①A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.
这个班有不少同学来自四川。
②There are a variety of toys in this shop. 这家商店有各种各样的玩具。
但是, “the number(数目)/the variety(种类)”+of+复数名词, 作单数。e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled. 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店货物品种丰富。
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词作主语时:(参见“名词”部分)
1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词:指教育、科研的某一学科, 作单数。e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me. 我似乎觉得数学不难。
但是, 表“具体的学业、活动”等时, 多用作复数。e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak. 她数学差。(指“学业成绩、能力”)
②What are your politics? 你的政治观点如何?
2.“works工厂, means方法, series系列, species物种, aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形, 要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数。e.g.
①This works was(These works were) built two years ago.
这(几)家工厂是两年前修建的。
②Every means has(All means have) been tried. 各种办法都试过了。
这类名词通常还有“fish, deer, sheep, headquarters(总部驻地), bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows(绞架), manners(礼貌), whereabouts(行踪)”等。(但news是不可数名词, 通常只作单数用。)
Ⅴ.“the+形容词/分词”作主语时:
1.指“一类”人或事物时, 常用作复数用。e.g.
①The English speak English. 英国人讲英语。
②The rejected were heaped in the corner. 废品堆在角落里。
2.指“某一个”人, 或“抽象的”事物时, 作单数用。e.g.
①The deceased was his father. 去世的是他父亲。
②The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用。
③The new and progressive always wins over the old.
新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。
Ⅵ.专有名词作主语时:
1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年。
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 《天方夜谭》很有趣。
2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数均可, 尤其是编成集子的书。e.g.
Dickens’ American Notes were (was) published in 1842.
狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年。
Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”作主语时:
1.大多作单数用。e.g.
What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。
2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时, 谓语动词用单数或复数均可。e.g.
What he bought was/were some books. 他所买的是几本书。
【就近一致原则】
也称“邻近原则”, 即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:“or; either…or; nor; neither…nor; whether…or; not…but; not only…but also”等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me. 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你, 而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but (also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了, 他也错了。
2.在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
在远处, 能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
Step1 定义
1.语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2.意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式上一致。eg.I am seventeen.She is sixteen.There is a desk in the room.There are no chairs in it.They have not come yet.Step2.Rules
1.例句
is the biggest city in China. lies in North America. is read all over china. plays an important part in the world affairs.归纳：表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织等专有名词作主语，通常作为整体看，谓语动词用单数
2.例句
is a professor from a university. plays an important part in our national economy has come to the meeting. do not agree. were over there.归纳: And 连接两个名词做主语，若and前后的名词指的是同一个人或物，谓语用单数。若指的是不同的人或物，谓语用复数。
3.例句
are twin sisters. were surprised when they heard the news. was in the room. likes it.归纳：由and连接的两个单数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。如在分词前由
every, each, no, many a时，谓语动词用单数。
4.例句
was in the classroom. was getting on the bus. is to blame. Mr.Smith, his wife and children, is arriving in Beijing next
Monday.归纳：由with, together with, as well as, besides, except, along with, including, rather than等连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词根据第一个名词来判断。
5.例句
is a large one with seven members. is a big one. 归纳：集合名词做主语，若表示整体时谓语用单数，若表示集体中的成员时
谓语用复数。
6.例句
is a long distance. is a large sum of money. is a long time.归纳：有些表示时间、数量、金钱、距离等的名词可以作为一个整体来对待，谓语动词用单数。
7.例句
have been tried. has been tried. is at the other end of the town. were closed for lack of raw material.归纳：有些单复数同型的名词，要根据意思决定谓语动词的形式。
8.例句
Walking on the moon is very difficult. What he said is wrong. To walk with him is a great pleasure. Smoking is harmful to people’s health.归纳：动名词、不定式或从句做主语时，谓语用单数。
9.例句
are taken good care of in our village. were sent to hospital immediately. are for the plan, but the poor are against it.gives pleasure to all.归纳：定冠词the 加上某些形容词，如the rich, the wounded, the old, the dead, the
sick 等表示一类人，谓语用复数。表示一类物，用单数。
10.例句
am to go.is wholly right. am going to be punished for playing computer games
after school.归纳：当两个主语由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接时，谓
语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。
11.例句
is a computer and many books for you. were many pictures of him on the wall.归纳：Here, there 引导的句子，谓语动词也采用就近原则。
12.例句
is covered with water. were bad.归纳：分数或百分数做主语时，谓语动词根据后面的名词来判断。若名词为
可数名词，谓语用复数，若名词为不可数名词，谓语用单数
13.例句
None of them has arrived yet at the area. None of them have arrived yet. Neither of them knows the answers. Neither of them know the answers.归纳：代词none, neither 有时作单数看，有时作复数看待，主要 根据说话人的意思来判断。
14.例句
have been to shanghai. has been to shanghai.归纳：“One of+复数名词” 后的定语从句中的谓语用复数，而“the(only/very)one of+复数名词”后的定语从句中的谓语用单数
15.例句
Everyone is here. Everything is ready.归纳：Everybody, everyone, someone ,nobody, everything, nothing, something等
不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数
Step3.Exx.1.Mike and John’s __________.A.father is a teacherB.fathers are teachers
C.father are teacherD.fathers are teachers
2.Three fourths of the homework ________ today.A.has finishedB.has been finished
C.have finishedD.have been finished
3.Jane is the only one of the best students in her class who _______ by their teacher.A.are praisedB.is praisedC.praiseD.praised
4.The whole class _____ the teacher attentively.A.are listening toB.is listening toC.are listening D.is listening
5.The United States of America___one of the most developed countries in the world.A.isB.areC.wasD.were
6.Nobody_______to smoke in the cinema.A.allowsB.allowC.is allowedD.are allowed
7.Mary as well as her sisters______Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have studied C.is studying D.study
8.I, who_______your teacher,will try my best to help you with your study.A.beB.amC.areD.is
9.The rich _______ not always happy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have
10.Many a man ______ come to help me.A.haveB.hasC.doesD.had
11.No one but her parents _______ it.A.knowB.knowsC.is knowingD.are knowing
单元检测
一． 单词拼写
1.The old man came in, with two young men ______（搀扶）his body.2.Flying across the high mountain for the first time is a great a___________.3.Devoted to the cause of education all her life, she was r________ by all the
people in her country.4.________（鉴于）his age, he did it quite well.5.His first song was __________（给予灵感）by the memory of his mother.二． 完成句子
6.She worked hard to _______ ________ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________ not to use them.她努力工作让尽可能多的国家同意不再使用他们。
7.But the evening _______ _______ all __________.但是到傍晚时分我们觉得这一切都是值得的。
8.________ unusual _________ __________ in the forest.对女性来说住进大森林是一件稀罕的事。
9.Why not study a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and ______ __ her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习然后继续她高尚的工作呢？
10.They are _______ ________ ________ to learners of English.他们对学习英语的人很有帮助。
三． 单项选择
11.It can be said that reaching the agreement so quickly was a great ____ for the
meeting
A.appointmentB.achievementC.progressD.accident
12.----What are the students _____ about?
-----Whether Senior Three students should join in the coming school sports meet.A.quarrelingB.inspiringC.fightingD.arguing
13.______ the stars carefully, and you will find that they are not shining themselves..A.ObserveB.NoticeC.Glance atD.Mind
14.Although there are many _____ programs on TV, I think it’s wise of you not to
sit watching too much.A.worthB.worthwhileC.meaninglessD.sensible
15.Actually, the newly-published English magazine is not _______ to enlarge vocabulary.A.intendedB.instructedC.writtentD.translated
16.______ with so many fans of the famous Super Girl, the stadium is hard for us to enter.A.CrowdingB.To be crowdedC.CrowdedD.Crowded out
17.It’s my daily duty to have the English newspapers ______ to the senior students.A.printedB.publishedC.deliveredD.advertised
18.I was about to give up my effort to work on the puzzle when a good idea ___ me.A.attackedB.beatC.caughtD.hit
19.It was foolish of him to _____ his notes during that important test, and as a result,he got punished.A.stick toB.refer toC.keep toD.point to
20.In a way, I think we both won---I won the game, but you won my _______.A.supportB.favourC.respectD.impression
21.Greatly _____, the students made up their minds to carry _____ the experiment.A.inspiring;outB.inspired;on
C.having inspired;throughD.to be inspired;away
22.----What is his suggestion?
-----Just guess the meaning of it whenever you _____ a new word in reading.A.come intoB.come atC.come acrossD.come about
23.______ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will
always be in demand.A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.If
24.-----Anything different today?
-----Er, no teacher and no student______ absent today, which means all _______ present at the meeting.A.are;areB.was;wereC.were;wasD.is;is
25.-----Am I free to run around here?
-------_______.Don’t you know the school rules?
A.Behave yourselfB.Believe in yourself
01用and或both...and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
如：
Plastics and rubber never rot.橡胶和塑料永不腐烂。
Walking and riding are good exercises.散步和骑车是很好的运动。
但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。
如：
To love and to be loved is great happiness.爱与被爱是种幸福。
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是种好习惯。
A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。
02当主语后面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数据这些词前面的主语而定。
如：
The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.老师和学生都在图书馆里看书。
03以or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。
如：
1. (have) your classmates finished his homework?
2. My friend and I (want) to play outside after watching TV.
3. (have) all of the cake been eaten?
Step II Subject-verb agreement
I语法一致原则
1. Between the two buildings (stand) a monument.
2. What he said (is/ are) right
3. What she left me (is/are) a few books.
4. Seeing (is/are) believing
5. To see (is/are) to believe.
6. Somebody(is/ are) using the phone.
7. Each of the books(cost) five yuan.
8. The students each (have) a copy of Jay’s new album.
9. The Greens (is / are) very fond of working on the farm.
10. Many a student (have/ has) passed the exam.
11. More than one person (is/ are) here.
II 意义一致原则
1. Three weeks (is/ are) allowed for making the necessary preparation.
2. Another five minutes(is/ are) enough.
3.Three miles (is/ are) nothing.
4.His family (is/ are)a happy one.
5.The whole family(is/ are) watching TV.
6.The police (is/ are) searching for the thief.
7. The population in China (is/ are) large.
8. 75% of the population in our class (is/ are) from countryside.
9. This glass works (be) set up in 1980.
10. These glass works (is/ are) near the railway station.
11. A sheep (is/ are)over there.
12. Some sheep (is/ are) over there.
13. Physics (is/ are) now taught in all schools.
14.The old (is/ are) taken good care of in our country.
15.The young (is/ are) required to respect the old.
16.“All ________ present and all _________ going on well.” Our monitor said.
A. is ; isB. are ; areC. are ; isD. is ; are
17. All of my classmates (like)music.
18. All of the water (is / are) gone.
8.相加原则
19. Walking and riding (is / are) good exercises.
20. A teacher and doctor (is / are) giving us a lecture.
21. A teacher and a doctor (is / are) giving us a lecture.
22. Every boy and girl (want) to go to the cinema.
23 No boy and no girl (is / are) allowed to swim in the lake.
24.Many a boy and many a girl (is / are) going to the zoo.
III就近原则
1. Tom or his brothers (is / are)waiting in the room.
2. Either you or he (is / are) to go.
3. There(is / are) an apple, two oranges and some bananas on the plate.
4. There (is / are) two oranges, an apple and some bananas on the plate.
5. John, together with his two friends, (was / were) at the party.
6.The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.
IV找真实主语
1. Lots of damage (was / were) caused by fire.
2. About three-fourths of the earth’s surface (is / are) covered with water.
3. Three-fifths of the workers here (is / are) women
4. A number of students (have/ has) gone home.
5. The number of pages in this book (is / are) two hundred.
6. A large amount of damage (was / were) done in a very short time.
7. Large amounts of money (was / were) spent on the bridge.
8. This kind of men (is / are) dangerous.
9. Men of this kind (is / are) dangerous.
A pair of shoes (was / were) just what he wanted
Shoes (was / were) just what he wanted .
He is one of the students who(have/ has) been to Beijing.
1.Selling newspapers not only makes some money but also give us some working experience during the summer vacation.2.To deliver newspapers are a tiring job.3.It is he who study very hard.4.The rest of the trees was cut down.5.The day we have been looking forward to having come at last.6.The number of the guests invited to the party are 100.7.The wounded in the earthquake was sent to the hospital.8.Tom, as well as his children, are to visit Beijing this summer.9.Either of the sides of the street are lined with the tall trees.10.Here “you” are used as a noun.【答案与解析】
1.give改为gives。makes和gives为平行结构，作并列谓语。
2.are改为is。不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语要看作为一个整体，动词用单数形式。3.study改为studies。强调主语时，谓语动词应保持变强调句以前的状态。4.was改为were。rest指的是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。5.having改为has。主句的主语是The day，后面缺少谓语动词。6.are改为is。the number of 表示“„„数目”。谓语动词用单数形式。7.was改为were。the wounded表示“伤员们”时，是复数概念。
8.are改为is。主语为Tom。as well as结构重心在前一个名词，谓语动词与前一个名词保持一致。
9.are改为is。either后面的动词用单数形式。10.are改为is。you用作专有名词，看作单数。
短文改错专项训练·非谓语动词类错误
1.A lot of money has been spent to buy the book.2.You will have to pay the cost of send a postcard.3.What he did was puzzled.4.I will spend a week reading and prepare for the examination.5.Charles and Linda do all of these things as well as climbed buildings.6.Yesterday I had my bad tooth pulling out.7.I heard her singing a song which moved me to tears.8.I made a terrible mistake.I regretted not to take your advice.9.When we reached the top of the mountain, we stopped having a rest before we went down the mountain.10.There’ll be a good film tonight, remember seeing it on time!11.The game was over, she went home.12.When speaking, you must make yourself hear.13.She pretended not seeing me when I came in.14.Abraham Lincoln was considered being one of the greatest of all American presidents.15.Following by the officers, the general inspected the army.16.There is something wrong with my computer, and it needs repaired.17.Don’t burn the falling leaves on the ground.18.Losing in thought, he almost ran into a car in front of him.19.I enjoy to listen to the classic music.20.Judge by what he wears, he is a farmer.【答案与解析】 1.to buy改为buying。
2.send改为sending。介词of后要求用动名词作宾语。
3.puzzled改为puzzling。puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”意思。4.prepare改为preparing。preparing和前面的 reading是并列结构。5.climbed改为climbing。as well as是介词短语，后面接动名词或名词。6.pulling改为pulled。have the tooth pulled out表示“请人拔牙”的意思。
7.singing改为sing。从后面可以看出来，“我”听完了整首歌曲，强调动作的全过程，用不定式作宾补。
8.to take改为taking。用动名词表示对已发生过的事情的后悔。9.having改为to have。stop的目的是have a rest。10.seeing改为to see。还未看电影。11.was改为being。独立主格结构。12.hear改为heard。make oneself heard意为“使别人听到自己的话”。13.seeing改为to see。pretend后面要求接不定式作宾语。14.being改为to be。consider后用不定式作宾补。15.following改为followed。过去分词表被动。
16.repaired 改为repairing。动名词主动形式，表被动意义。17.falling改为fallen。过去分词作定语，强调动作的完成。18.losing改为lost。be lost in thought 表示“陷入深思”。19.to listen改为listening。enjoy后面用动名词作宾语。20.Judge改为Judging。Judging by„为一固定说法。
短文改错专项训练·语态与语气类错误
A.语态错误
1.He insisted on sending to work in Tibet.2.In some countries, tea is serving with milk and sugar.3.This film will is shown this evening.4.Many trees have planted every year.5.The piece of cloth is felt smoth.【答案与解析】
1.sending 改为being sent。动名词用被动形式。2.serving 改为served。3.is 改为be。4.have 改为 are。
5.Is felt改为feels。不用被动语态。
B.语气错误
1.It is high time you leave for Shanghai.2.She suggests that her brother not goes to college.3.The judge insisted that the spy was put in prison.4.How I wish I am as strong as you.5.It is necessary that the patient is sent to hospital right away.6.If he hadn’t been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now.7.If I am you, I would give him a good beating.【答案与解析】
1.leave改为left。It is time后面的从句动词要用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。2.goes改为go。suggest表示“建议”，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用原形。3.was改为be。宾语从句要用虚拟语气。
4.am改为were。wish后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。5.第二个is改为be。主语从句要用虚拟语气。6.will 改为would。此处要用虚拟语气。
7.am 改为were。这是一个与现在情况相反的一个假设，要用虚拟语气。
短文改错专项训练·时态类错误
1.He said that he will see you off at the airport the next day.2.When he will come back，I’ll let you know.3.He said that he has had the bike for two years.4.I work on a farm in North China in the 1970s.5.A new bridge was being built in our city at present.6.I finished my homework before I left school.7.I feel regretful now that I don’t study hard when I was in my high school.8.If I am you, I would do it.9.She buys a bike yesterday.10.I come here in two days.11.I don’t think we met before.12.He taught here for six years since he came to this town.13.My sister said that she would call me but I didn’t hear from her so far.14.I am tired because I had been working all day.15.Look!Here the bus coming.16.I meet him in other time.17.By this time tomorrow we have finished the work.18.Sometimes I will get up at eight in the morning.19.We have to cancel the match if it will rain tomorrow.20.I didn’t see my best friend for nearly two years.【答案与解析】
1.will改为would。宾语从句要用过去将来时态。
2.will come改为comes。时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来。3.has改为had。宾语从句需用过去完成时。4.work改为worked。此句要用一般过去时态。
5.was 改为is。从at present可知，此句用现在进行时。
6.finish前加had。离开学校是过去时态，在此之前完成就应用过去完成时。7.don’t改为didn’t。定语从句表示的是过去时态。此句要用一般过去时。8.am改为were。此句为虚拟语气，要用过去时。9.buys改为bought。从yesterday可知，要用一般过去时。
10.come改为will come。从in the two days可知，谓语动词要用一般将来时。11.met前加have。Before是表示过去，应用现在完成时态。
12.taught改为has taught。表示过去已经开始持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态，应用现在完成时态来表示。
13.didn’t改为haven’t。so far 迄今为止，用于现在完成时态。
14.had改为have。从am 可看出是现在时，其句中给出all day，应用现在完成进行时态。
15.coming改为comes。Here, there放在句首构成倒装时，其时态只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
16.meet改为met。in other times从前，所以谓语动词要用一般过去时态。17.have 前加shall。强调在将来某时刻为止时完成是某动作，应用将来完成时态。18.去掉will。Sometimes有时，暗示句子要用一般现在时。
19.will rain改为rains。If引导的条件状语从句，要用一般现在时表将来。20.didn’t saw 改为haven’t seen。For nearly two years 暗示谓语动词要用现在完成时。
短文改错专项训练·介词类错误
1.His father has been ill on bed for two years.2.During the summer vacation, he worked in the farm.3.He is very fond of football and he is in the school football team.4.I have made rapid progress under the help of my teacher.5.Don’t read under the strong light.6.The killer ran away to the direction of Beijing.7.He lives on No.124.Wuyi Road.8.He is very angry to his son for his failing in the exam.9.He hit me on the face.10.He is strict to me in my work.11.The bottle is filled of the gas.12.London stands to the Thames.13.His mother took pride of his great achievements.14.There are two windows on the wall.15.On the way home, I found I had lost the key of the door.16.We are trying to find the answer of the problem.17.You are required to write your story with your own words.18.With what language did she make the speech? 19.He is the cleverest in all the students.20.At a clear night, he went out in search of the gold.21.He had an English party at Christmas Eve.22.Women should be equal with men.23.He is blind on both his eyes.24.Uncle Tom is famous as his skill in cooking.25.He will come back after five weeks.26.He said that he had met us many years ago.27.He is the tallest between the four of us.28.I called on my uncle’s last night.29.It is very clever for a dog to save its owner.30.You should be beware of dangers.【答案与解析】
1.on改为in。in bed为固定用法，表示“卧床休息”。2.in 改为on。
3.in 改为on。on the team为固定用法。4.under 改为with。with the help of表示“在„„的帮助下”。5.under改为in。“在„„光线下”正确表示方法为in„ light。6.to改为in。in the direction of„表示“朝„„方向”之意。7.on改为at。
8.to改为with。表示“对某人生气”应用be angry with sb.。9.on改为in。
10.to改为with。be strict with sb.表示“对某人要求严格”； be strict in sth.表示“对某事要求严格”。
11.of改为with。注意这两个词组的介词搭配be full of，be filled with。12.to改为on。表示“在河的边沿”，用on。
13.of改为in。注意两个词组的介词搭配take pride in，be proud of 14.on改为in。
15.of改为to。the key to the door 为固定搭配。16.of改为to。the answer to the problem为固定搭配。17.with改为in。18.With改为In。
19.in改为of。表比较的对象用of。表比较地点范围用in，如：in my class, in China 20.At改为On。On指具体所指的一天晚上。21.at改为on。注意比较：at Christmas
22.with改为to。Be equal to（相等的、均等的）为固定搭配。23.on改为in。表示眼睛瞎了要用介词in/of。
24.as改为for。be famous for表示“因某事出名”, be famous as表示“因某种身份出名”。
25.after改为in。表“将来一段时间之后”，用in。
26.ago改为before。ago以现在为起点，如：five days ago。而 before以过去某个时间为起点，如：before liberation
27.between改为among。between只能指“两者之间”。28.on改为at。my uncle’s是“我叔叔家”的意思。
29.for改为of。如果形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的品质，性格的话，用of。30.to 改为of。Be beware of„(当心„)为固定搭配。
短文改错专项训练·连词类错误
1.It didn’t matter that I would win the match or not.2.That he is looking for is a dictionary.3.Many people can quickly get help from a doctor since they are ill.4.If you can pass the test is up to you.5.If we will hold the party in the open air depends on the weather.6.I live in Beijing, where has a long history.7.We still don’t know if or not they have arrived at Shanghai by plane.8.It is the tallest tower which can be seen far away.9.The person about who we just talked is my maths teacher.10.Yesterday we were having our dinner while the telephone rang.11.But, there are still some countries where people have not enough to feed on.12.It is said, he has left for Germany.13.I doubt that he is a spy.14.I don’t doubt whether you have told the truth.15.He has no money and he has much knowledge.【答案与解析】 1.that 改为whether。
2.That 改为What。主语从句缺少宾语，应用what引导。3.since 改为when或if。因为后面是一个条件或时间状语从句。4.If 改为Whether。主语从句不能用If引导。5.If改为Whether。主语从句要用whether引导。6.where 改为which。定语从句缺少主语。7.if 改为whether。whether or not为固定用法。
8.which 改为that。定语从句的先行词tower被最高级tallest修饰。9.who 改为whom。介词后关系代词指人时只能用whom。
10.while 改为when。when作并列连词，表示“这时候”，不能用while代替。11.But改为However。注意后面的逗号。此处只能用连接副词，不能用连词。12.It改为As。这是一个由as引导的定语从句。不要与It is said that„主语从句混淆了。
13.that 改为 whether。如动词doubt为肯定式，后面的宾语从句用 whether引导。14.whether 改为 that。如 动词doubt为否定式，后面的宾语从句用 that引导。15.and改为but。表转折关系。
短文改错专项训练·代词类错误
1.The Greens tried his best to help me.2.I won’t forget the gift you sent I on my birthday.3.His parents went to New York last year, and none of them wrote letters to him.4.Would you like any coffee?
5.There is hardly nothing worth listening to in his talk.6.He made the least mistakes in the English examination.7.The dog is always loyal to it’s owner.8.— Is anyone here? — Yes, all are here.9.My glasses are missing, and I am looking for it.10.If you keep still, you can sit at every end of the boat.【答案与解析】
1.his改为their。the Greens指的是“格林一家”，代词应用their。2.I 改为me。人称代词me作宾语, 要用宾格。3.none改为neither。parents是“父母二人”。4.any 改为some。表示邀请时，疑问句需用 some。
5.nothing 改为 anything。因为 hardly是“几乎不”的意思，已有否定含义。6.least 改为fewest。mistake为可数名词。7.it’s 改为its。代词“它的”正确形式是：its。
8.anyone 改为 everyone。Is everyone here? 表示“所有的人都到了吗？”，而Is anyone here? 则表示“是否有人来了？”，意义是不一样的。
9.it 改为 them。glasses是复数意义名词，用 them或they代替。
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