考研英语 应用文写作感谢信(精选10篇)
感谢信应充分表达自己的谢意,切不可给对方草率的印象。可借助谈对方的帮助来进一步表达感激之情。言辞应真挚、得体。
Directions
Suppose your friend lent you a book and gave you some suggestions when you made preparations for CET?6. Write a letter in about 100 words to show your gratitude. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.
Sample:
Dear Sherry,
My thanks to you for your help with my preparations for the CET?6 are beyond words.
Originally I only wanted to ask you for some advice on the coming test, as you were so good at English. But to my surprise, you gave more help to me than I had ever expected. You not only wrote down ten suggestions for me but also showed me how I could arrange my time and what I should do in each month before the test. Besides, you lent me the book I needed very much when you learned that I had not yet got it. It was really kind and considerate of you.
Your unreserved help enabled me to make efficient preparations and at last encouraged me to pass the test. So I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude again.
Yours faithfully,
高考书面表达旨在综合考查学生的英语语言知识, 是中学英语教学的重要内容之一, 也是高考英语学科的重点考查题型。随着高考改革的不断推进, 对英语的实际应用能力的要求会不断加强, 因此应用文的写作是必不可少的。
(1) 字数内容, 严格要求。高考书面表达的题目对于文章的内容和字数都会给予一定的要求和限制。文章的内容是有要求的, 每篇文章所要考查的重点是一定的, 这就要求学生在下笔之前要先认真审题, 明确该篇文章所要考查的要点, 并简单全面地总结下来。此外, 大多数高考作文还会严格限制文章的体裁、字数、人称, 有些作文还会给定文章的首尾两段。这就要求学生不能抛开题目的要求和限制完全地自由发挥。
(2) 重视运用, 联系实际。历年的高考英语出题人在书面表达这一板块都会尽量将与学生息息相关的学习、生活、社会焦点和热门话题巧妙地融入到题目中去, 使学生在看到题目的同时, 脑海中浮现的是熟悉的人或事, 这样他们便能很快地组织写作材料。命题作文强调举一反、学以致用, 要求既要联系生活又要不缺乏作者的独立思考, 主要考查学生对自己的生活和对这个社会的观察能力和思考总结能力。
(3) 情景多样, 体裁丰富。书面表达可以变幻出多种多样的情景模式。像电子邮件、海报、书信、通知、邀请函等情景模式都出现在高考英语试题中, 尤其是应用文体书信占据主流位置, 2014 年辽宁高考题就以看图的形式要求写一则应用文通知, 灵活性显得更强一些。
二、高考应用文的写作方法
下面, 就2014 年辽宁高考书面表达部分的看图应用文写作, 研究此类应用文的写作技巧 (篇幅所限, 图略) 。
(1) 细审题。认真审题, 根据题目和图片要求确定好所要写的题材, 重点是写景还是写人, 文章的模式是日记还是电子邮件或其他文体。根据图示, 学生可以很直观地了解到这是一篇通知类的应用文写作, 中心内容就是创意作品的校园征集活动, 十分贴近学生的校园实际生活。在此环节, 学生要做到细审题, 巧构思。
(2) 列要点。由于书面表达都有其固定的情景模式, 考查的重点具有一定针对性, 因此全面、无遗漏地找出主要内容的所有要点是得分的关键。这样, 学生就要对图片所展示的所有内容做到心中有数, 如图中的要点分别为:创意作品征集活动、作品创意说明、报名地点、联系人、电话、参评时间、颁奖时间, 图片以直观的方式展示这些要点。列要点最好选择自己熟悉的单词、平时擅长的语法表达方式, 多用动词或动词短语, 但要避免雷同, 具有灵活性, 同时忌用生疏的结构与词汇按汉语思维盲目罗列。
(3) 写句子。将上一步所列出的要点按照一定的时间、空间及逻辑顺序进行排列;由于上图在布局上没有体现出先后顺序, 这就需要学生能够合理地找出图片及文字之间的内在联系, 设定合情合理的顺序, 以更加清晰明了的方式展示通知, 让读者读起来通俗易懂。结合高中生的实际, 要求用他们熟悉、简单的结构来表达, 鼓励其使用复杂句式, 但要注重长短句结合使用, 切忌通篇使用同一种句式。
(4) 连句成文。这一步是关键的一步。到此提纲已经初步拟好, 按照各个单句之间的逻辑关系对其进行调整, 在组合有关联的句子时要尽量多用一些关联词巧妙地过渡, 使句子之间的过渡自然, 从而使整篇文章读起来语句畅通, 上下连贯, 前后照应, 条理清晰, 具有整体感。在此过程中可以在题目要求字数的范围内, 适当加入自己独立的思想和见解, 让整篇文章的情感更加丰富。
(5) 检查修改。一篇文章初次写完, 当中不免存在一些错误, 所以学生要对其进行再次检查。重点从以下几个方面检查:1) 文章的体裁格式是否符合题目要求。 2) 要点是否有遗漏 (这是重点) 。 3) 单句 (人称、结构、词语搭配、时态、主谓一致、语态、等) 使用是否正确。4) 单词 (拼写、时态、形容词与动词的形式, 单复数的形式等) 是否准确。 5) 过渡词是否使用恰当。
(6) 其他应用文备考方法。1) 重点把好语言这一关, 这就要求英语学科的基础知识要扎实。2) 当遇到一时忘记的单词时, 不要慌, 用同义词或者近义词代替即可, 也可以反其道而行之, 用反义词来表达;3) 把握好写作的时间 (一般25 分钟~30 分钟) 。4) 重视文章的形式, 首先要确保正确, 其次是流畅, 最后是文笔。5) 适当地运用一些高级语法结构和词汇, 提高档次, 但一定要在正确的前提下适用, 不然会适得其反。6) 教师应注重评价手段, 可采用全班集中讲评、个别学生面评、小组互评的方式来提高评价效果。
三、结束语
关于英语应用文写作不能求急求快, 它是一个由浅入深、由易入难的循序渐进的过程, 需要学生在平常的英语学习中勤加练习, 夯实基础、由简入繁, 不断地积累与实践。作为英语教师, 要不断改进和创新教学方法, 从而使英语应用文写作教学方案不断进步, 使学生从中受益, 促进学生成长成才。
摘要:英语教师要不断改进和创新教学方法, 顺应高考应用文写作的命题特点, 探索应用文写作的基本步骤和方法, 以指导应用文写作的基本方向, 使学生从中受益, 促进学生成长成才。
关键词:高中英语,应用文,命题特点,基本方法
参考文献
[1]丁往道.英语写作手册[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1994.
[2]胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海:上海教育出版社, 1994.
【关键词】应用文英语写作书信广告
我们学习英语的目的,是为了交际使用。语言交际包括口头交际和书面交际,通过交际互通信息,交流思想。我们不仅要听懂别人说的,看懂别人写的,而且要自己会说、自己能写,这就是英语的使用。在未来的学习和工作中,需要的也正是这种能力。近年来,随着我国经济的迅速发展,特别是试行标准化考试以来,对英语应用文写作的要求,也开始在试卷上体现了出来,这是社会需要对英语教学所提出的要求。我们应该适应这种要求,把英语的学和用结合起来。因此,我们有必要自觉地加强英语应用文的写作训练,获取使用英语进行书面交际的能力。
英语应用文,是指除诗歌、戏剧、小说以外的各种实用文体,例如日记、书信、通告、祝贺信、请柬、申请书、实验报告等等。各种文体又有各自的格式和习惯用语。但是,各种文体都有一个共同的核心要求,这就是:能用英语确切地表达自己的思想。作为一个学习英语的学生来说,就应该抓住这个共同的核心要求进行实践练习,这就是:练习写英语作文。英语作文写好了,便可以推而广之, 运用到其他各种文体中去。下面就英语作文(composition or essay), 英语书信(letter)和广告(advertisement)的一般写作方法问题,谈谈我的看法:
英语作文的一般写作方法
你肯定已经写过许多汉语作文了,你一定积累了不少用汉语写作文的经验。那么,你完全可以把用汉语写作文的经验搬用到英语写作上来。它们在这方面的规律是共同的。但是,你应该训练自己用英语去思考,去写作,而不是要你把汉语作文翻译成英语作文。
在正式写作之前,要有充分的准备。这和做其他事情一样,都需要一个准备过程。譬如建造楼房,先要有个设计方案,然后是准备材料。
选择主题(choose a subject). 选择主题是指写哪方面的内容。在课堂作文教学中,可能由老师命题。命题作文的内容,必须是学生所熟知的,否则学生无从写起。如果在全国通考中,出一个“My computer and I”, 一些考生一定惊讶。因为,他们并没有电脑,叫他们写什么呢?在自己练习写作中,可以由自己选择主题。那么,你一定要选择那些自己所熟悉的,感兴趣的内容去写。要牢牢记住:你是在通过作文来锻练用英语进行笔头表达的能力,只有在有话可说的条件下,才能更好地进行这种练习。
定标题(choose a title)。标题是文章的具体题目,它最准确集中地表现文章的主题内容。在考试练习中,可能由老师代为命题。老师可以直接给出文章标题(title), 也可以只给主题内容(subject), 而要你自己定标题。例如老师所给的主题是your family , 你可以选择不同的标题,如:My Family, My Home, My life at home, 等等。自己选择标题一定要鲜明,简短,有力,最能概括文章的内容。标题一般不用完整的英语句子,但语法上应正确。在报刊文章标题中,还经常省略冠词和助动词,例如:“Peasants Encouraged to Raise More pigs”其完整的意思是The peasants are encouraged to raise more pigs (by the governments).如果一时确定不了标题,等文章写完再定也可以。
选材(gather materials)。当文章的主题或标题定下之后,就可以进行选材。要紧紧地围绕主题选择材料,努力回忆有关的内容,边想边记,不厌其多,按想出的句子顺序,记下所有的材料。作笔记时,不要写完整的句子,只记下最主要的词语,使自己明白即可。
写出提纲(make an outline)。把已选的材料逐项检查,删去不重要的内容。然后根据自己对文章内容的安排,按先后顺序排列材料,分出段落。你可以用数码或字母来分列各大小项目的内容,从而搭成文章的基本骨架。例如:
Main idea——
Subordinate idea——
Subordinate idea——
Fact——
Fact——
根据文章的内容不同,你可以选择不同的顺序提纲。既可以按事件发生的时间顺序,也可以按原因结果的顺序,甚至可以用倒装顺序。但无论如何,安排的条理必须清楚,最有助于说明主题思想。
是否一定要写出详细提纲呢?作为练习来讲,是十分必要的。它能使我们的思想条理化,写起来更为容易。如果你富有经验,可以用打腹稿的方法代替书面提纲。
写成文章(Expand the outline into a composition)。这是个充分使用你的英语知识的过程,要把各段连成一个有机的整体。
修改,再抄写清楚。这是个再加工的过程,除了改正发现的病句和拼写错误外,还可以修改句子,使其更加优美,切意。
目前在考试中所见到的应用文写作练习题,除了命题作文的形式以外,还有:(1)用汉语给出内容提示,提出要求,写一封信;(2)给出一张或一组画片,要求你根据图片上的内容写出一篇短文;(3)给出一段英语对话,要求你根据对话内容写篇叙述文字。这主要是把直接引语变为间接引语,加上适当的时间、地点、情绪等内容;(4)给出汉语内容提示,要求补全英语对话。这实质上是用笔头练习口语,严格说来,不能算是应用文写作。
二、应用文写作,除了要遵循一般作文的要求外,还应注意:
如果是命题作文,选材一定要切题,要选择那些最能说明主题的材料。要做到有话可说,要充分利用自己的生活经验。只要是符合内容要求,可以从自己学过的英语文章中抄写句子。
一定要看清题目的要求,例如词数的限制,人物的具体情况,事件的内容,等等。要把题目要求中的内容概括进文章中去。万不可不顾要求,写完再查对,那时就无法再补充进去了。
要用自己最熟悉的句型结构和词语,把握不大的词语不要用。文章以叙述清楚为主,不要在这时有意炫耀自己的知识,而专挑大词使用,那样往往会适得其反,影响成绩。
遇到想不起来的词,可以找同义词,近义词代替,或者换个句子,改变说法。不要在琢磨一个具体词上花太多时间。
考试是有是时限的,因此要快速列出提纲,条理要清楚,文章一气呵成。不可停停写写,边写边改,那要耽誤许多时间。
最后复查全文,检查格式是否正确,修改病句、错词,看是否满足了题目的各项要求。
三、关于写英文信
信封:1.先写姓名,后写地址。
2.先写发信人姓名、地址,要写在信封左上角。
3.收信人姓名,地址写在信封中央靠右一点的地方。
4.写地址要由小到大。
5.发信人的姓名地址,如果写不下,还可以写在信封背面中央靠上的部分。
正式信文:
1.在信纸右上方写上发信人地址,发信日期。如果是熟人之间通信,可只写日期。
2.在信纸的左方,在发信人的地址姓名下边隔2-3行,写上收信人的姓名、地址。
3.写收信人的姓名时,一般要加尊称。对男人,加Mr;对未婚女子加Miss;对已婚女子,加Mrs;对有头衔职称的人,可加上头衔职称,如Prof. (教授),Dr.(博士),等。
4.在写完收信人姓名、地址之后,向下隔二行,写信文开头的称呼语,对不太熟悉的男人,可写Sir或Dear Sir, My Dear Sir .对不太熟悉的妇女,可写Dear Madam 或My Dear Madam。对相识较熟的男女,可用My Dear(加姓),Dear Mrs(加姓), 对已婚妇女用Dear Mrs (加丈夫的姓)。也可以在Dear 或My Dear 后边加上头衔职称,如:Dear Dr. Wang (亲爱的王博士)。对亲朋好友,可以用Dear friend, My Dear Bill , Dear father , 等。
5.信的本文,要在称呼语下边隔2-3行开始写。信文应分段,每段开始时,都应该与上一段保持2-3行的上下间距。如果是打字,可用齐头式,左边上下各行要取齐。也可用缩进式,即每段开头向右错开2-3个字母的距离。
6.信尾要用谦称或客套语,其作用相当于汉语的“此致敬礼”等,但不含这些汉语词语的意思。致敬客套语后边要加逗号。例如:Yours ever (或 Ever Yours ) , 用于熟人之间,Sincerely (或Yours Sincerely , Sincerely Yours ) 用于一般熟人间或非熟人之间, Respectfully Yours (或Yours Respectfully) 用于对上级或长辈,Yours Lovingly (或 Your Loving加上自己对收信人的关系,如 Your Loving daughter , 等) 用于亲密的家人之间。
7.发信人签名应在客套致敬语下边隔1-2行的地方,向右边靠一些。签名应用手写体,为了清楚起见,还可以在手书签名之后,再用打字机打出全名。国内同胞间通信,可以不必一定按此正式格式。
在信的正文中漏掉了某事,或者某事需要简单提醒一下收信人,则可在签名的下端,信件的左下方写上‘再启(Postscript)’字样。英文符号是P.S或 PS.即拉丁文Postscriptum的縮写。如果还有事需再提醒对方,或者忘了在信中提到,那么可在PS下面一行再写上PPS或P.P.S.(post postscriptum)。
面呈,托人面交,或用送信簿专人递送,信封上写收信人姓名,他的地址不需写,下面加上Present即可。如发信人就在收信人一个单位,而发信人有请假,要求加薪或提职,辞职等要求,也可用呈递信件方式,即在信封上写上负责人姓名,再加上Present, 将信送上就可以了。当发信人只知道收信人的大概的住处,而不知道他的确实具体的地址,但确实知道托另一友人或另一机构可以转交给收信人,可在信封上先写上收信人姓名,再写上c/o 字样。 c/o是 (in) care of 的缩写,一般小写。接下去再写转交人的姓名或机构名称和转交者的地址。
除书信外,广告也是很常用的应用文,广告(Advertisement)简称 (Ad) 是一种宣传形式,通过报纸、广播、电视、招贴、霓红灯、实物等介绍商品、出版物、文娱体育等服务性事业,如出租房屋、旅馆招揽顾客、新产品介绍、出售廉价商品等等。国外报纸经常登载的是分类广告。因篇幅局限,广告写得要尽量简短,力求简明扼要,通俗易懂。也就是:
客观
以事实作为基础
可能的话有图表的支持
文风清晰准确
即略去不必要的题外话。不要把读者的时间浪费在筛选需要了解的信息上。因为枝节太多不仅让人抓不住重点,也可能会让读者总结出不符合你初衷的结论,产生误解。
参考文献
[1]Longman Active Study Dictionary. England: Longman Group Limited, 1983.
[2]丁往道. 英语写作手册. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社. 1997.
可能是企业中写的最多的一种友好交往信。要写感谢信的场合包括他人为你提供帮助、给你款待、赠送礼物、对你的成功或对你的不幸表达慰问等等。
三方面的内容表达感谢信
I am writing to thank you for
Thank you for
Please accept my sincerest appreciation for谈及具体的感受 对方的款待和帮助等
I enjoyed the short stay at your home which is both delightful and memorable.Our trip to Canada was very much enhanced by your kind arrangements and hospitality.The clock you presented to me will serve as a daily remainder of your hospitality during your stay, as well as of the friendship between us.良好祝愿或是对未来表示期望回报的意愿
I look forward to the chance to reciprocate your kindness when you come to Beijing next time.Our best wishes and warmest regards.I look forward to meeting you again.出差后的信函
Dear Mr.Jones,Back now in my own country, I wish to thank you most warmly for excellent hospitality extended to my self and my colleagues.The opportunity to meet yourself and your directors is something I had long look forward to, and I can only hope that one day I may be able to receive a visit here from you.I very much appreciated your kindness and that of your colleagues in showing me around the new plant and introducing to us your production line.Thank you again on behalf of us all.感谢在出差有机会与对方见面
Dear Mr.Darwin,I appreciate your kindness in sparing your valuable time foe me during my recent visit to Ottawa.It was indeed a rewarding and enjoyable meeting.I hope our cooperation in Canadian market will bring about the desired results.Again, thank you for the hospitality.I look forward to meeting you soon.感谢帮助或赠送礼物
Dear Mr.Irwin,Thank you for suggesting to Joe Ferris of Linbo Association that he contact us for installation of office automation equipment.You will be pleased to know that we have just concluded a contract to supply Linbo a line of computer system, and they seem to be satisfied with it.I certainly appreciate your referring a new business prospect our way.If at any time we can
help you in a similar way, we will do so.感谢赠送礼物
Dear A,Your delightful gift arrived this morning, and I must thank you very much indeed for it.It is good of you think of me, and you can not have chosen anything that would have given me more pleasure.I have put it into use right way, and have already had some pleasant hours of it.Once again, many thanks.感谢他人的祝贺或慰问等
Dear Mr.Owens,You were very much thoughtful to congratulate on my recent promotion.Quite frankly, I know this would not have been possible without the support and close cooperation of the able people in the field like you.I deeply appreciate your good wishes and look forward for more opportunities to work with you.感谢他人的慰问
Dear Mr.Worth:
On behalf of the Partners and myself, I wish to thank you most sincerely for your kind words of sympathy on the death of our Chairman, Mr.Henry Curve.His sudden loss has been a great shock to us and his absence from leadership will be keenly felt.At a time such as this, your friendship and kindness are a great comfort to us.下面是一些感谢信常用的语句
Thank you for opening a new account with Bank of South America.It is a pleasure to serve you, and we look forward to a long and cordial relationship.I am writing to you personally just to stay how much I appreciate the warm welcome you extended to our Mr.Wu Yong when he visited your own last week.This is just a note to say “thank you” for your support over the past year and to tell you how much we appreciate having you for a customer.I am particularly grateful to you for having taken time out of your busy schedules to meet me.It was thoughtful of you to send me a wonderful gift.I wish to thank you mostly for the many courtesies extended to me during my brief visit to London.Many thanks for your most useful letter of March 14 and the material sent to me separately.All the material will be invaluable to me in preparing my book.This is to thank you once again for so kindly making your plant available to our team of visiting engineers.I know they were very impressed with your works, as well as by the hospitality shown to them.My wife and I wish to thank you and your husband for the delightful evening at you home.It was most kind of you to ask us and we enjoyed every minute of it.May I thank you most heartily on behalf of my Board of Directors, for your good wishes on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of our company?
范文一:
Dear my father and mother,
This letter is my inner feelings。 I want to thank both of you for so many years’ care and help。
During my growth, you have made a lot of efforts and love for me。 When I make a success, both of you are more excited than me, and support me to do better。 Even though I have failed, you always share sorrow with me and encourage me not to give up。 Especially, during my preparation for CET-4, the support from you is always everywhere。 I have passed the exam successfully。
You love is so unselfish that I am deeply affected, so I will study hard to be a useful person and won’t make you disappointed。 Anyway, I would like to express the deep gratitude to you。
With best wishes。
Sincerely yours,
范文二:
My dear family member,
I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to you for your unselfish love shown to me during my preparation of College Entrance Examination. You give me emotional security, care and love and support my study, which is part and parcel for my school days. Without your assistance and care, I can not make good performance definitely. I take this opportunity to express our deep appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.
Your generous help made it possible that I pass my college entrance examination and obtain the good result. I will cherish the good will and family affection you showed me. Your encouragement is my best drving force. Please accept my most cordial thanks for your best love, which I will always remember.
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for your kind assistance.
Lovely yours,
I am writing to recommend to you my colleague Professor Wang Xin for the Chinese language teaching position in your renowned university without reserva?tion.
I have been working with Professor Wang for almost twenty years and he strikes me as a most intelligent, diligent and responsible teacher. He has teaching a large range of subjects covering both language and culture.
Professor Wang has been a visiting scholar in the United States for three years and thus his English reading and writing abilities are both strong. Since he has rich experience in teaching overseas students, I fully believe he will do an excellent job if you decide to give him a chance. Please feel free to contact me if you need any further information.
Faithfully yours,
关键词:中职学校,英语,应用文写作,教学,策略
在知识与能力并重的当代社会中,提高学生的英语应用文写作能力,已经成为中专英语教学的重要组成部分。英语应用文文体主要包括:邀请函、应聘书、通知、便条、祝贺信、感谢信、慰问信等等。每一种文体都有自己固定的格式,有些文体的格式与中文应用文有些相似,而有些则完全不同。因此,要想让学生牢牢掌握所有英语应用文写作要求及其结构,还应从以下几个方面入手。
一、从词汇和语法入手,增强语言基础知识教学
为了提高学生的写作能力,教师要从语言基础知识抓起,立足于词汇和语法。根据学生的实际情况,对其进行大量的句型与单句练习,帮助学生巩固基础知识,明确不同词汇的具体用法,加深学生对词汇和语法的全面了解,提高学生正确运用单词和语法的能力。
(1)加强词汇教学。教师要有意识地教学一些常用词汇的内涵及搭配,介绍词汇的相关用法,引导学生在相应的语境中学习单词与词汇。在学习英语单词时,不能只记它的中文含义,而应结合单词在词汇和句型中的应用进行记忆,帮助学生理解词汇的准确含义和具体用法,尤其是那些文化内涵比较丰富的词汇。很多英语单词一词多义,所要表达的意义各不相同,与汉语中的几个词组相对应。因此,在英语写作教学中,教师要注重培养学生正确选词和用词的良好习惯。
(2)加强语法教学。在教学语法知识时,应加强对英汉语法的对比应用。对于比较重要的语法知识,教师要适当运用对比分析的方法,将中英文句子的结构差异进行对比,找出其中可能存在的干扰因素。同时,课堂上要进行精讲,课后多多练习,训练学生的语法能力,提高学生总结语法规则的能力。
二、扩大学生的阅读量,积累学生的写作素材
阅读,在英语应用文写作中占据着举足轻重的位置。为了提高学生阅读能力,培养良好的阅读习惯,教师要坚持贯彻以人为本的教学思想,鼓励学生自主阅读,在反复阅读、思考、练习中掌握阅读技巧。同时,扩大学生的阅读量是帮助学生积累写作素材的重要方式,不但可以活跃学生思维,拓展学生的信息接受量,还可以增长学生智慧,帮助学生巩固和扩大词汇量,有助于提高学生的写作水平。通过拓展阅读量,可以帮助学生更为全面地了解和掌握英语词汇、句型、语法、篇章结构等,从而增强学生的思维表达能力。由此可见,通过学生的写作不但可以充分体现阅读效果,还可以激发学生的阅读兴趣,促使学生写作能力不断提高。
三、阅读贴近生活的范文,要求学生反复操练
新课标提倡生活化教学,即贴近生活实施教学,通过符合学生生活经验的教学实例,来引发学生参与学习活动的积极性与好奇心。知识来源于生活,又高于生活,所有知识本身都是生活经验的沉淀和积累。教师应采用生活化语言来解读英语知识,将学科知识与实际生活的环境充分结合起来,才能使处于日常生活状态的学生走进知识,并慢慢感受知识的形成过程。英语教师要经常鼓励学生阅读贴近生活的英语范文,新课标提倡贴近生活实施教学。如果学生阅读与他们日常生活毫无关系的文章,不易引发学生共鸣,当然就不能激发学生的阅读兴趣。所以,我们要经常为学生介绍一些贴近生活的文章,让学生在阅读中体会到学习英语知识的乐趣,从而拓展学生的阅读量。当学生掌握一定的词汇量和语法知识后,教师可以要求学生针对不同的应用文写作进行反复操练,提高学生的应用文写作能力。一般来说,应用文都比较贴近生活,是日常生活与工作中的常用文体。因此,套写在应用文教学中起到了非常重要的作用。如:邀请函、投诉书、申请书、介绍信等,都在生活中有着广泛应用,并具有其固定的格式,需要引导学生进行反复操练。
四、加强督促和引导,从整体上提高写作水平
【关键词】高中英语;过程写作;应用
所谓过程写作,就是强调以实际应用为最终目的,以学生为主体,以教师为指导的一种更符合高中英语新课标要求的写作教学。在高中英语教学中,写作是其重要环节,而结果教学法是高中英语教学中传统的作文教学模式,老师将大量英语写作范围提供给学生,并由教师来分析与讲解这些范文,要求学生根据范文模式写作,写作完成后由教师批改与打分。结果教学法使得学生在学习英语时始终为被动状态,写作思路受到限制,缺乏自由创作思维能力。但是在教学中对过程写作法的推进与实施,能够保证学生的写作兴趣与写作能力得到充分发挥,在写作时变被动为主动,使学生创新思维能力得以全面拓展。下面本文就对“过程写作”法在高中英语写作教学中的应用进行详细探讨。
一、过程写作在高中英语写作教学中实施流程
1.分组讨论
学生开始写作前,英语教师可为学生多提供些写作体裁与写作题目,将学生进行四人一组的划分,并相互讨论,以最终确定写作题目。之所以让学生自己选择写作题目,其目的就是让学生能够写作自己感兴趣或者比较擅长的题目,并在交流时各抒己见,集思广益。
2.初稿写作
初稿写作要求学生要根据自己的写作提纲,对英语文章进行初步创作。因为英语写作思路具有灵活性,所以,学生科展开想象,对自己英语写作内容予以完善。
3.学生互评
学生在完成写作后,英语教师先不对其评阅。可由四人小组作简单互评,这样,学生在对同学写作问题及错误予以指出的同时,还能够学习对方写作技巧及方法。
4.教师评阅
学生互评后,英语教师可认真评阅学生写作内容,对学生在文章中所出现的语法错误、语句错误以及单词拼写错误进行更正,专业评阅学生写作,同时指出学生写作不足及缺憾。
5.最终定稿
学生对学生与教师给予的建议与问题进行综合,并作针对性修改,学生也可对自己在写作时所存在的错误与问题进行审视,尽可能防止类似问题再次发生。
二、过程写作在高中英语写作教学中的有效应用
1.过程写作要具备全面系统写作框架
作为灵活多变英语写作教学方法,过程写作使得英语教学内容更为完善。英语教学过程中,教师可组织学生分组训练与讨论,通过互评方式来提高学生写作能力。然而,此方法仅为一种教学形式,目的就是能够让学生对过程写作达成一种意识。不能对实施步骤进行完全性依靠,其主要因素是学生写作内容不会完全根据此写作方式进行。教师必须采用此训练方式形成学生独到的英语创作思路。因此,在英语写作教学中,一定要对学生能够全面完整的搭建英语写作框架进行培养,让其对自己写作方向与计划予以确定。比如:在社会发展进程中,环境问题逐渐成为人们关注的话题。工厂气体排放、汽车尾气以及河流污染等都对人们生产与生活造成严重影响,然而,作为一名合格公民,所有人都有义务与责任对那些对环境造成破坏的行为进行遏制。根据以上内容,创作一篇不限词数的文章。
依照以上内容,学生在写作前,必须要形成一个系统全面的写作框架。第一段描述现阶段环境中所存在的问题,以及所产生问题的原因;第二段具体说明保护环节所采取的措施。第三段主要作整篇文章的总结。
2.过程写作要具备精炼清晰的英语写作语句
在高中英语写作中巧妙运用过程写作法,前面有了体系与框架,学生就能根据此框架来写作。因为高中英语语法通常较为繁杂,而且单词也存在一定难度,所以在写作时并不仅限于英语写作内容,写作内容还对单词与语句提出更高要求,而且高中英语不同于初中英语语句那样简单易懂,高中英语要求对单词与语法进行充分运用,并将一些较为新颖的单词融入进去,以达到润色文章的效果,不断提高自己英语写作水平,具体内容可分析以下实例,并加以说明:例一:Nothing is more adj than to do sth. Nothing is more important than to study hard.(没有任何事比学习更重要)。
例二:An advantage of (doing) sth is that-clause. An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create any pollution .(对太阳能进行使用的最大优势就是它不会污染环境)。
3.过程写作需要学生掌握英语基本写作模式和技巧
在进行高中英语写作教学中,需要积极引导学生对英语不同写作格式和题材进行掌握和了解,在对英语每个单元学习过程中,其都将会出现不同的写作要求和训练重点,其中在高中初级阶段,关于英语写作方式主要就是书信和记叙文,随之会逐渐要求学生对议论文等不同写作形式进行训练,那么在目前这一形势下,在高中实施英语教学过程中,就需要逐步引导学生对不同的英语写作模式进行掌握,并且能够依照不同题材进行不同风格的英语写作,对学生实施有计划、有步骤的英语写作教学。
学生有了对英语写作模式和文体的了解,再加上有了相应的写作素材后,还不能保证写出来的就是好文章。这就需要对他们进行一些相应的写作技巧训练。在进行英语训练中,要注重对各种英语句型的灵活运用进行训练,其中包括分词短语、复合句、长短句、强调句、介词短语等的相互搭配使用,尽可能的避免一篇文章中所采用的为一个句式,这样可以对文章句式的单调性进行避免。同时还要学会使用不同的关联词语,例如一些转折性词语(after all、however、nevertheless以及but等);总结性短语(finally, at last,in brief, in a word,in short等);表递进词语(furthermore,besides, then, moreover);还包括一些对比性词语(on the other hand, in the same way以及just as等)。最后也要学会采用一些固定搭配或者谚语等对同一句话的意思进行表达。
三、结语
总之,现阶段,我国高中英语教学在写作教学的方法及理念等方面还存在一些问题,对《英语课程标准》的实施及英语写作改革的效果产生一定影响。所以对高中学生的英语写作能力予以加强是目前我国高中英语教学改革的目标之一。很多同行近些年将过程写作坚持运用于英语写作教学中,效果非常显著。由此可见,只要对过程写作进行灵活科学运用,就能达到提高学生英语写作水平的效果。
参考文献:
[1]汪汝萍.高中英语“注重过程写作教学模式”的课堂运用[J].考试周刊,2012(17):164-165
[2]刘艳荣.“过程写作”在高中英语写作教学中的应用分析[J].语数外学习(英语教育),2013(8):114-115
[3]高霞.高中英语“过程写作教学法”有效实施策略[J].考试周刊,2010(9):69-70
作者简介:
洛基英语,中国在线英语教育领导品牌
考研英语的应用文写作,要求考生根据所给情景写出约100词的应用性短文,包
括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。因此同学们在复习过程中应加强对应用文
写作特点的了解和针对格式要求的记忆,有意识的掌握各类应用文的写作方法。
在应用文的写作过程中要注意四性:信息覆盖的全面性、结构组织的条理性与逻
辑性、语言使用的准确性、文体格式的正确性。要想写作得高分,这四性缺一不
可。应用文写作不单单只是针对格式的复习,格式只是最起码的要求,信息是否
完全关系到文章是否完整,结构的合理安排才能让文章层次鲜明,而语言使用的准确性也关系到考生的写作水平和得分情况。希望同学们用较高的标准来要求自
己,实现应用文写作中质的突破。
下面,简单地介绍一下这几种应用文的写作技巧:
首先是私人和公务信函。私人和公务信函是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具,与同学们的生活、学习比较密切,也是以后工
作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。信函是很重要的一种应用文。
所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信,谈事情的同时又交流感情;所
谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信,主要是为了办事,比方说给老板或是
客户写信都属于公务信函。
信函一般都是由写信时间,信内地址,称呼,信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分
组成。收信人地址要写在左上角,寄信人地址要写在右上角,寄信人地址也可以
不写。姓名写在地址上面。地址排列顺序依次为门牌号、街区名、城市和国名。
在信的开头人名前一定要加Mr.,Mrs.,Dear等比较尊敬的称呼。信的结尾注意
使用常用的客套话如:sincerely yours,faithfully yours或者yours sincerely,yours
faithfully。英文书信写作要遵循五个原则,即正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。
正确是指信中所谈的事情要准确、具体,不用含糊抽象的词如:本月、明天等。
清晰要求的是主题要明确,层次要清楚,让读者看后了然于心。简洁是现代英语
发展的一大趋势。书信写作要做到行文简洁流畅,避免迂回冗长的长句,使书信
尽可能写得明白清晰。书信交往,同样需要以礼待人。因而在写信过程中,要避
免伤害对方感情,措辞上多多使用would,could,may,please等词,要自然得
体,彬彬有礼。体谅对方也是写书信时要注意的一个原则。不能以自己为中心,要尊重对方的习俗爱好,即便是拒绝,也要委婉而不失去友谊。书信的写作也要
注意格式,避免语法、拼写、标点错误,信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无
误。
备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文,主要用来提醒、督促对方,或就某个问题提出自
己的意见或看法。包括书端、收文人的姓名、头衔、地址,称呼,事因,正文,结束语和署名。备忘录上一定要说明什么时间,谁写的?写给谁?什么事?并且
正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。
报告分为两种,第一种是读书报告。比如读一本书或者看一本小说写一个读书报
告。读书报告中首先要交代背景知识,比如作者生平,时代简介等,接下来对书的内容做一个简单的概括,最后一段可以发表评论,要注意时态。另一种报告就
是书面报告,书面报告考试的可行性和可能性更大一些。书面报告与备忘录的写
法很类似,所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级,它也需要交代清楚四件
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事:什么时间?谁写的?写给谁?什么事?
考生们首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式,注意事项,写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文,要整段整段的背,不仅是背会,而且要脱口而出,并且转换成自己的语言,写作时可以随心所欲支配。再次,是要多动手写作,要写出属于自己的文章。多动手写作才能快速写出好文章来。写好的文章要注意检查,看有无语法错误,有无用词不当,能否用其他的句式表达相同的意思。
希望同学们认真复习,取得良好的复习效果!
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1. 应用文的重要性:日常生活中常用,考试能够合理测量学生的语言水平,阅卷相对来说较方便。阅卷教师只需掌握评分的标准和套路即可,因此考前必须予以充分重视和训练。
2. 应用文的主要种类。
应用文的种类主要包括感谢信, 祝贺信, 致歉信, 慰问信, 介绍信, 邀请信, 家信, 建议信, 询问信, 投诉索赔信等十几种书信。除书信外,还有很多实用文体。如日程安排、报告、解说词、演讲稿、观后感、个人情感或经历描述。这些写作方法和技巧有很强的时代性,标准性和可操作性,透彻的了解和掌握应用文各种文体的写作不但对您在校的学习和生活有很大的实用性,而且对您以后的工作和生活也有很高的参考价值.书信
书信写作的五点要求
1、开门见山说意图
2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3
3、不同内容可分段
4、感谢客气不可少
5、期待回信成老套
书信题的写作方法:
(一)信封格式:
名字、信箱、地域范围由小到大,写在右下角(与我们相反)。
(二)信纸格式:
日期:背月份的缩写
(January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December)
称呼(后面的标点是逗号):Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern, 正文:空4个字节或者顶格写,段与段之间空行)
签名:sincerely yours
(三)开头段:
1、告知对方你的身份(假如对方不认识你)
2、问候收信人(假如他/她是你的朋友)
3、解释写信的原因
1、告知对方你的身份
(假如对方不认识你)
Dear Sir/ Mr.Prometheus, I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department. / I am a… at your…
/ I am a … at your college, enrolled in the… course. / My name is…, I am…
2、问候收信人
(假如他/她是你的朋友)
Dear Prometheus,Hello / Hi.How are you? / I hope everything is fine./ How are things going
with you?
/ How are you getting on in / getting along with…..?
3、解释写信的原因
(1)致谢:
/ I am greatly indebted to you for(the double)you have done on my behalf. / Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada. / I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…
/ I would like to thank you most sincerely for…
(2)抱怨:
I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room. / I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at…
/ I wish to make a complaint about…
/ I am writing to draw your attention to…. / I am afraid I have got a complaint about….(3)致歉:
/ I am writing to you because I am unable to…. / I am terribly sorry that…. / I would like to express my apologies for not being able to….(4)询问:
I would like to obtain /request/seek/inquire about some information about…
I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential
information regarding the following aspects. / I would like
(5)邀请
表示 “若你没有其他安排,请光临…”
If you have no other plans for Wednesday,April 8…,will you come to a little
informal dinner here at my home?
I hope that you have no previous engagement and can join us for the English
Evening at 7 on February 1st.
We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your company.
I’ll expect you at that time unless l hear from you to the contrary.
(6)祝贺
表示 “欣闻佳音,谨表祝贺。”
Permit me to present my congratulations to you upon your recent official
promotion.
Allow me to present my hearty congratulations on your elevation to the post of...
(四)结尾段:
1、发出请求
2、提供帮助
3、再次表示歉意或感激
4、期盼回信:R.S.V.P.1、发出请求
(1)Please give this matter your immediate attention.(2)I would very much appreciate it if……as soon as possible.(3)Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision.2、提供帮助
(1)I hope these……will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more
information.(2)……will be taking responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance,she/he will be pleased to3、再次表示歉意或感激
(1)Thank you for your kind assistance.(2)Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.(3)I am sorry that I cannot……, and trust that you will understand.(4)In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.(5)I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.(6)Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.
4、期盼回信:R.S.V.P.(1)I look forward to your prompt response.(2)Looking forward to a prompt reply,(3)I expect to hear from you very soon.范文
询问信
You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books.Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1)detailed information about the books you want,2)methods of payment,3)time and way of delivery.To whom it may concern,I’m writing this letter to inquire about the English reference books I need for preparing for the entrance exams for graduate schools.Since I want to lay a solid foundation for English, I’m especially interested in grammar and vocabulary books.As far as the means of payment are concerned, I wonder if I can mail you the money through the post office.As you know, this is the most convenient way for me.Could you tell me how many days it will take the books to reach me? What’s more, if you can mail me the books, I’ll be much grateful.Thank you for your consideration and I’m looking forward to your reply.(118 words)
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
求职信
June 17th, 2006
Dear Sir/Madam,I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on June 10th, 2006, which invites applications for interpreters.Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background.I believe that I am the best candidate for this position.In the first place, I have been studying for four years in Beijing Foreign Studies University, one of the most prestigious language schools in China, which has provided me with a desirable command of English skills.In the second place, I have taken part in a number of social activities in the past years, which have helped cultivate my team-spirit and creativity.Besides, I have attended training courses for interpretation and have obtained related certificates.Last but not least, I have worked as a part-time interpreter, so I am well prepared for this job.I would treasure the chance and exert every effort to do a good job if I had the luck to be provided with the position.Besides, I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview, and I appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.Thank you for considering this application.
邀请信
Directions: Suppose you are the dean of the History Department, Peking University.You want to invite Professor Herb Jason, a well-known scholar of Chinese history, to come to attend an international conference on Chinese history.You’ll cover the following points:
1.The purpose of the invitation
2.The time and place of the conference
3.Ask him a favor of presenting a lecture to your students during his stay
Write your letter in no less than 150 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.Dear Professor Herb Jason,I am Li Ming, dean of the History Department, Peking University.I am writing to invite you to participate in an international convention that is to be held in Beijing from 22th to 25th, July, 2007.Since your visit in Beijing last year, all the teachers that attended your lecture have been deeply impressed with your thorough knowledge and profound understanding of the subject.We would be pleased if you could come, as our guest of honor, to the International Conference on Chinese History, If possible, would you please deliver a speech on whatever subject that interests you.Enclosed in this letter is a time schedule for the event.You would, of course, receive our standard honorarium to cover traveling and other expenses.When you arrive in Beijing, I will certainly meet you at the airport.Please let me know your date of arrival if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip.If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me.Look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming
感谢信
Directions: Write a letter of thanks according to the following situation.Once you were ill and were hospitalized for a few weeks in the Chaoyang Medical Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province.During your stay the entire staff were kind to you.When you came back home, you wrote them a letter of thanks.Dear Sir/Madam,I’m writing to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the nurses and doctors in your hospital.Last month, while I was on a business trip in Taiyuan, Shanxi province, I suffered from a bad cold and a fever, so I was sent to Ward Rom 201, Chaoyang Medical Center.During my stay at hospital, nurses on duty patiently took my temperature, regularly examined my body, and often fed meals to me.In addition, doctors prescribed me the most effective drugs and gave the best medical advice.Thanks to the constant care from the hospital staff, I recovered quickly.Now that I have returned home, the excellent service of your hospital still impresses me.I believe that as patient, I have received the most professional treatment and the most considerate care.Please allow me to convey my sincere greetings toward the doctors and nurses that contribute all their efforts, patience and energy to their patients.Nothing can express my gratitude except my best wishes to them.If you have anything that needs my help, please don’t hesitate to contact me.Yours sincerely,Li Ming
书信
1.朋友之间联络建议类
2.部门机构投诉与意见类
朋友类
1.表示很高兴收到对方来信
2.直接针对对方的询问提出自己的建议
3.分析你给出建议的原因
4.在采纳和执行你的建议时需注意些什么?
5.表示盼望对方随时与你联系并盼望尽快收到对方的来信。
Templet
1.Dear ___,Pleased to receive your letter of(对方来信时间),and thank you for your season’s greetings.2.As for ___ you asked me in your last letter, I’d like to suggest ___.3.① By___, you can not only___, But also ____.② Not to mention that ____。
4.① Therefore, in order to___, you’d better ___.② As for ____, you should ___.③ Meanwhile,____.④ Last but not the least, ___.5.①Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have other questions.② Looking forward to hearing from you soon.③ Sincerely yours
A letter to a Schoolmate
Dear Xiao Wang,Pleased to receive your letter of June 26, and thank you for your season’s greetings(用作圣诞问候语).As for your one week holiday arrangement you asked me in your last letter, I’d like to suggest you visit some famous places of interests in Beijing, such as the Palace Museum and the Great Wall.By visiting these places, you can not only enjoy yourself, but also get to know more histories about Beijing.Not to mention that you will find Beijing develops so fast.Therefore, in order to have a good time, you’d better remember a few points.As for a better holiday you should take a pair of comfortable shoes.Meanwhile, remember to take your student card with you.Last but not least, take care of yourself on the trip.Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have other questions.Looking forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours,Zhang Ying
投诉意见类-公文
1.表明身份,提出要求
2.指出对方问题所在 3.针对上述问题提出建议和意见,并说明原因
4.提出希望,1.Dear ___,This letters comes to youfrom ___.In it, Some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.2.As you know, ___.(谈论的对象)But unfortunately, ___(不好的方面)
____(例一)
Besides, ___(例二)
What’s more,____(例三)
3.According to those mentioned above, I strongly recommend that ___.The reason for this is obvious.Only when ____ can we ____.4.To be brief, though a bit dissatisfied with ___, I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solve the problems there.Thank you for your attention/time.Faithfully yours, ___.A letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus
Dear Mr.President,This letter comes to you from one of your students.In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.As you know, students are the main customers of the university canteen.But
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