定语从句易考点透视

定语从句易考点透视（精选6篇）

定语从句易考点透视 篇1

定语从句一直是高考测试的重点和热点。本文结合高考试题对定语从句的易考点进行归纳总结,希望对同学们备考有所帮助。

一、 考查关系词的基本用法

关系词是用在定语从句中来代替先行词的,选择关系词的关键是看先行词在定语从句中作何成分。作主语、宾语或表语时,用关系代词,指人用who (宾格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作状语,则选用关系副词,分别用when, where, why代替时间、地点、原因状语;如果先行词在定语从句中作定语,则不管指人还是指物,都可用whose。

[原题再现]

I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

答案: C

[解析]关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语。

二、考查as和which引导非限制性定语从句,用来代替整个主句或主句中的一部分内容的用法

二者的区别是:

1. as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间,而which引导的从句则不能放在主句之前。

2. 当从句谓语动词是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被动形式或usually happen, be often the case等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时,常用as。

3. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语带的是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which而不用as。

[原题再现]

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course, made the others envy him.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

答案: D

[解析]关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。

三、 考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句的用法

当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前,构成“介词 + 关系代词(whom / which)”结构。但一些短语动词(如look after等)中的介词不能与动词分开,故不能放在关系代词之前。

[原题再现]

American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequenthy.

答案:D

A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

[解析]关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,talk with sb.意为“与某人谈话”。

四、 考查分隔式定语从句的用法

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,但有些时候也会被同位语、状语、谓语、其它定语等成分分隔。此时能够理清句子结构,慧眼识别先行词就显得特别重要。

[原题再现]

The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

答案:C

[解析]先行词为the hours,关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。

五、考查定语从句与其它句子的区别

定语从句易与状语从句、同位语从句、并列句以及强调结构等混淆,在做题时要细心识别。

[原题再现]

① The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.

A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever

答案: C

[解析] 本题中的where是从属连词,引导的是地点状语从句。若引导定语从句,其前应加上先行词at the place。

②A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when B. where C. what D. that

答案:D

[解析]本题中that引导的是同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时,在句子中不作任何成分,而在定语从句中则要作主语、宾语或表语。

③ The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they B. it C. one D. which

答案: B

[解析] it... before是常用句型。

④ It was for this reason ________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.

A. which B. why C. that D. how

答案:C

定语从句易考点透视 篇2

关键词：定语从句,英语考试,常见考点

定语从句 (Attributive Clauses) 是由关系词引导, 在句中作定语的从句。它的作用相当于形容词, 修饰或限定名词及代词, 又称为形容词性从句。被定语句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词, 定语从句由关系词引出, 通常紧跟在先行词之后, 其基本格式为:n./pron.+引导词+从句。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。各类考试中, 主要考查定语从句引导词的选择及与其他一些语言现象的综合运用, 因此, 学生在掌握定语从句基本用法的基础上, 应主要掌握以下考点。

一、引导词that与which之间的用法区别

1. 先行词为不定代词all, much, anything等或被all, much, every等修饰时, 引导词用that。

All that is worth doing should be done well.

2. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或表示强调的词the only, the very, the right, 以及the next, the last等修饰时, 引导词用that。

The only thing that they could do was to wait.

3. 先行词同时包含人和物时, 引导词用that。

Tom asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.

4. 无论先行词指人或指物, 引导词在从句中作表语时, 都用that引导定语从句, that也可省略。

He is no longer the man (that) he was.

5. 主句以which, who开头时, 从句引导词用that。

Which of his songs that he sang did you like most?

6. 当关系词在there be结构中作实义主语时, 常用that指人或指物。

There’s still a room that is free.

7. 句子中有两个定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了which, 另一个宜用that;反之亦然。有时为了明确所指对象避免歧义, 须用who指人, which指物, 用that则不恰当。例:

There’s only one student in the school who (m) I wanted to see.

这个定语从句的先行词显然是student, 为了明确起见, 用who/whom为好。

8. 非限定性定语从句中, 用which作引导词, 指代物或指代整个句子, 此时不能用that。

Yesterday she sold her car, which she bought a year ago.

9. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中, 先行词指物, 引导词只能用which;先行词指人, 引导词只能用whom。

Have you ever met the girl to whom I was talking?

1 0. 当关系代词后面有插入语时, 通常用which而不用that。

Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

1 1. 先行词为that或被that修饰时, 引导词用which。

That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

二、引导词whose的用法

1. 无论先行词指人还是物, 只要在从句中作定语, 引导词都用whose.

2. 先行词指物时, 可以用of which代替whose.

He studies in a school whose buildings (=the buildings of which) are built on top of a hill.

三、as引导的限定性定语从句的用法

1.As引导限定性定语从句, 常构成“such/so/as/the same...as...”结构, as的先行词可以是人或物, 引导词在定语从句中充当一定的语法成分, as引导的定语从句带有比较意义, 从句常常只写出比较部分, as本身不可省略。

He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.

2. such...as与such...that的区别。

As在从句中充当成分, 引导的是定语从句, 意思为“这样的……如/像”, that在从句中不充当成分, 引导的是状语从句, 意思为“如此……以至于”。

Teachers talked in such simple English that children could understand it. (状语从句)

Teachers talked in such simple English as children could understand. (定语从句)

3. The same...as与the same...that的区别。

在这种结构中, as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物;that引导的从句指的是与先行词同一个事物。

This is the same watch as I lost yesterday. (这块手表和我昨天丢的手表的样式是相同的。)

This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. (这就是我昨天丢失的那个包。)

四、引导词as与which之间的用法区别

1.As和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句, 指代整个句子, 相当于and this或and that。

The bridge is really wonderful, as is shown in the picture.

He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.

2. As引导非限制性定语从句时, 其意思为“正如 (情形或事实) ……那样、正像……一样”;which不具有此意, 常译为“这”、“这点”。

I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

该句的非限定性定语从句只能用as, 不能用which。

3.Which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句之后, 用主动语态;as引导的非限定性定语从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间, 其后常接expect, know, report等动词的主动、被动语态。在句法上, as常与一些实义动词构成固定搭配, 如:as I remember, as has been said before, as often happens等。

He wasn’t unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes.

He failed in the exam again, as we expected./which was unexpected.

五、than和but引导定语从句的用法

1. Than用作关系代词, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 其结构为:比较级+先行词+than。Mike bought more English referencebooks than were needed.

2 But作为关系代词引导定语从句时, 一般同具有否定意义的主句连用, 其先行词可以是人, 也可以是物, 其结构为:否定词+先行词+but, but本身具有否定含义, 在意义上等于that...not, who...not, which...not。

There is no parent but loves her child.

六、先行词为way的定语从句

当先行词为way时, 定语从句通常由in which/that引导, 也可以省略。

The way in which/that he answered the question was surprising.

七、关系副词的用法

当先行词表示时间、地点或原因的名词, 又在句中作状语时, 其引导词分别用when、where、why;也可用“介词+which”来引导:When=in which/on which等, where=in which/on which等, why=for which, 但这类表示时间、地点、和原因的先行词在从句中作其他成分时, 引导词要用that或which。

The day when/on which I met him first was March 8th.

八、定语从句与同位语从句的用法区别

同位语从句表示先行词的内容, that不可换成which;定语从句表示先行词的特征, that可换成which。

You’ll tell me the news that you’ve been admitted to key universities. (同位语从句)

You’ll tell me the news that can make me excited. (定语从句)

九、非限定性定语从句与并列句之间的区别

从句子结构形式来看, 并列句中的分句虽然可以用逗号隔开, 但通常还要有一个表示并列关系的等立连接词, 如and, or, but等连接, 而非限定性定语从句与主句之间只有逗号没有等立连词;从语法关系来讲, 并列句中前后分句之间存在着连续并列、对比转折、因果条件和选择等关系, 而非限定性定语从句通常用来修饰先行词;当题干中既有逗号又出现some/many/few/a few/little/much of which/whom结构时, 常为定语从句。

My friend showed me round the town, which was very kind of him. (非限定性定语从句)

十、定语从句与主谓一致

1. 定语从句中, 关系代词that, who, which等做主语时, 谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致。

2. One of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词;the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数动词。

He is one of the students who get there on time.

Tom is the only one of the students here who has been to China.

3. 非限制性定语从句将整个主句作为先行词对其进行修饰时, 从句谓语动词用第三人称单数。

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

上述所列考点, 属于定语从句的重难点, 也是必须掌握好的定语从句的基本知识点。在理解的基础上掌握了这些知识点, 对有关定语从句的考题就能应对自如, 并能提高阅读理解能力和写作能力。

参考文献

[1]张鸿清编.英语语法精要.南开大学出版社, 2000.3, (第1版) .

定语从句易考点透视 篇3

一、 考查关系代词与关系副词的区别

解析 1～3题答案分别为D、B、C。第1题“position”为先行词，关系词在从句中做地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。句意：在销售总监的职位上，交际能力与销售能力同等重要。第2题when引导定语从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an age（时代），此处的when=in which。第3题story shows the most imagination修饰先行词writer。而先行词writer和story有所属关系，所以用whose表示“作者的故事”。句意为“这个奖项将颁给写的故事充满想象力的作家。”

【命题透视】 选择关系代词与关系副词的关键取决于关系词在从句中所担当的句子成分。如果关系词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语，只能用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中做状语（地点、时间、原因）则用关系副词。

二、 考查非限制性定语从句

解析 4～6题答案分别为A、A、C。第4题中，依据后面的closing time“停止营业时间”可以得知此句是在谈时间，但是此句中缺少主语，前面又有一个逗号，所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句，用which。第5题如果选择B或D就出现了两个并列句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句，as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，都指主句所表达的整个意思，as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。在本题中，has been为系动词，而且非限制性定语从句在句中，所以应该选as，代替A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。第6题所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，用which引导。其余选项与题干不符。

【命题透视】 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，与限制性定语从句区别的明显标志是与主句之间用逗号分开，不能用that引导；非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数；由as， which 引导的非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句；as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前、之后或插在句中，有“正如”、“就像”之意；而which引导的从句不能放在句首。

三、 考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

解析 7～9题答案分别为D、C、C。第7题in which引导非限制性定语从句，which替代前面的process。第8小题前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them，而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句，在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。第9题考查“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句。句中的先行词是two novels，而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用both of which引导。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选them，则逗号后面需要有并列连词and或者是独立主格结构，即both of them made into...。

【命题透视】 在“（名词、数词、代词+）介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用whom（指人）和which（指物）。在这种结构中，“介词”的选择可依据下列几点：（1）某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以与关系副词when 和where，why互换。如第7题。（2）表示“所有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用of，如第8、9题。

四、 考查分隔式定语从句

解析 10～11题答案分别为B、B。第10题中who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。which引导先行词是物的定语从句；whom先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语的定语从句；where修饰先行词是地点名词的定语从句，且在从句中做地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除；因从句太长显得句子不平衡，故置于句末。第11题中，指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。但由于非限制性定语从句太长，为了避免主句头重脚轻，故放在句末，被主句谓语were suffering in that area隔开。

【命题透视】 定语从句被其他成分隔开，没有直接位于被修饰的中心词即先行词之后，这种现象被称为分隔现象，这种从句叫做分隔式定语从句。出现这种现象有的是由于后置成分较长，为了使句子结构保持平衡，将定语从句移至其他成分之后，有的是出于修辞上的需要，以避免那种千篇一律的语言模式。因此，我们在使用关系词时，要找准中心词，在翻译这类复杂的句子时要正确地理解和分析句子的各种成分。

五、 考查定语从句与相关句型的区别

解析 12～15题答案分别为B、D、B、B。第12题句意为：会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟来的。空格后的句子是解释说明名词the notice，作同位语从句，引导词在从句中不做任何成分，所以用that引导。第13题考查定语从句与主语从句的区别，此句是occur to sb.（想到； 想起）的典型句式，是学习单词occur的一个重点方面。that这里是做主语从句的连接词。第14题考查地点状语从句与定语从句的区别，定语从句有被修饰的名词，而本句中没有从句所修饰的名词，where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在原地。故选B。第15题句子虽然比较长，但是其主干为强调句型，是对“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行了强调，由此可知，空白处应该填写“that”。

定语从句高考考点聚焦 篇4

which指代物,一词可“两用”

非限定性定语从句中,which引导的从句位于主句之后,指代前面整个主句或主句中的部分内容。从句中,which既起连接的作用,又充当一定的句子成分(如主语、宾语或表语)。

【真题再现】

1. My friend showed me round the town, _________ was very kind of him. (2009全国卷II)

A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it

解析:本题考查非限定性定语从句中关系代词的选择,that不能引导非限定性定语从句,首先排除B项。分析题干,从句缺少主语,且填入空格处的词需要指代前面整句的内容。D项it虽然可指代前面的主句,但不能起连接作用,故排除;剩下的两个词都可以起连接作用,但只有which可指代前面整个句子的内容并充当从句主语,而where只能作状语。故正确答案为A。

2. The Science Museum, _________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London's tourist attractions. (2008江苏卷)

A. whichB. whatC. that D. where

解析:分析题干的句子结构,从句缺少宾语。引导非限定性定语从句时,which可以在从句中作宾语,指代主句的主语“The Science Museum”,而where只能作状语。故正确答案为A。

【考点小结】

非限定性定语从句中,如果从句的先行词是物,且从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,通常要用which。事实上,非限定性定语从句可理解成某一并列句的转换。如例1可转换为:“My friend showed me round the town, and it was very kind of him.”

where表地点,可具体可抽象

关系副词where在定语从句中既起连接作用,又在从句中充当地点状语。选用关系副词的关键是正确分析从句的主干结构,且选词必须符合句意。

【真题再现】

1. It's helpful to put children in a situation _________ they can see themselves differently. (2009福建卷)

A. that B. when C. whichD. where

解析:分析句子结构,从句的主谓宾完整,空格处只能选用状语,由先行词“a situation”可知应选用作地点状语的where 引导定语从句。故正确答案为D。

2. They will fly to Washington, _________ they plan to stay for two or three days. (2008重庆卷)

A. where B. there C. which D. when

解析:首先排除地点副词there,因为there不能引导从句。如果要使用there,则后半句应改为“and they plan to stay there for two or three days”。由先行词“Washington”可知从句的关系词表地点,且从句缺少状语,所以应该用“where”或“in which”连接主从句。故正确答案为A。

【考点小结】

如果非限定性定语从句的先行词是表地点的词,且从句缺少状语,则关系词用where。从以上高考题可以看出,where引导定语从句时,先行词既可以是表具体明确地点的词,也可以是表抽象模糊地点的词。

whose表所属,紧伴名词左右

Whose在定语从句中充当名词的定语,构成“whose + 名词”的形式,表示事物的所属关系,既可以表示“某人的”,又可以表示“某物的”。

【真题再现】

1. A person _________ e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails. (2009天津卷)

A. who B. whom C. whoseD. whoever

解析:who和whom只可作定语从句的主语或宾语,而从句中并不缺少这两种成分,故排除;whoever引导名词性从句,故排除;分析题干可知,“A person”作定语从句的先行词,从句的主语“e-mail account”缺少限定词,whose可作定语修饰限定名词。故正确答案为C。

【考点小结】

定语从句中的名词缺少限定词(定冠词、不定冠词、代词)时,不能单独充当从句的主语或宾语,必须借助可充当定语的whose,即“whose + 名词”一起在从句中作主语或宾语。

介词 + which / whom,可作定语或状语

介词后接关系代词,在从句中可以作定语或状语;如果先行词是人,关系代词用whom;如果先行词是物,关系代词用which。对于介词的选用要综合考虑和谓语动词的搭配及整体句意。

【真题再现】

1. Gun control is a subject ____________ Americans have argued for a long time. (2009陕西卷)

A. ofwhichB. with which

C. about whichD. into which

解析:分析四个选项,区别之处在于和which搭配的介词不同。逐一进行分析:argue与about搭配,意思是“争论某事”;而“argue with sth.”用于否定句,意思是“不同意,不承认”;“argue sb. into doing sth.”意思是“说服某人做某事”。而argue作动词时不能和of搭配。故正确答案为C。

2. By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _____________ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008福建卷)

A. ofwhichB. on which

C. from whichD. above which

解析:此定语从句的先行词是“the top of”,从句的正常语序应该是:“a rare rainbow soon appeared _________ the top of Mount Qomolangma.”介词above、on和at 都可与“the top of”搭配,表示“在……顶上”。但 above 侧重“不接触”, on侧重“面的接触”, at侧重“点”。根据句意,显然应该填“在山顶上空”。故正确答案为D。

3. We shouldn't spend our money testing so many people, most of _________ are healthy. (2007北京卷)

A. that B. which C. whatD. whom

解析:先行词为“so many people”,由逗号可知该句为非限定性定语从句。C项的what不可引导定语从句,故排除。关系代词which只能用于指代物,不能指代人,故排除;而关系代词that虽然可指代人,但不可直接置于介词后面作宾语。Whom引导非限定性定语从句可表人,又可充当介词宾语。故正确答案为D。

【考点小结】

解“介词 + which / whom + 定语从句”这一考点的关键是把先行词代入相应的定语从句中,根据从句谓语动词的习惯搭配或与先行词的关系,或由题干整体句意来确定。

剔除插入语,准确判定先行词

一般来说,定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后。但有时定语从句和先行词常常被介词或其他成分隔开,正常的句子结构被打乱,使考生难以准确判定定语从句的先行词,增加了解题难度。

【真题再现】

1. She'll never forget her stay there _________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (2009四川卷)

A. that B. whichC. whereD. when

解析:解答此题的关键在于判定there分隔了先行词“her stay”和关系词引导的定语从句。如果考生误把there当作先行词,则很容易误选表示地点的关系词where。而事实上,这个句子真正的先行词是“her stay”,结合从句的句意,可知此处需由表时间的关系副词来引导。故正确答案为D。

2. Occasions are quite rare _________ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. (2008山东卷)

A. who B. whichC. whyD. when

解析:从句的正常语序应该是:“Occasions I have the time...are quite rare.” 为了避免主句头重脚轻,保持句子平衡,于是将定语从句置于主句的系表结构“are quite rare”之后。此句的先行词Occasions表时间,且从句缺少时间状语,所以应该用when或on which连接。故正确答案为D。

【考点小结】

从以上真题可以看出,能否成功剔除句子的插入语以及准确判定定语从句的先行词是解题关键。

as作关系代词

As作关系代词主要用于非限定性定语从句中,指代整个主句,意思是“这一点”,在从句中通常作主语或宾语;其引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后或主句之间。

【真题再现】

The Beatles, _________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2007天津卷)

A. whatB. thatC. how D. as

解析:本句的主语“The Beatles”和谓语“came”之间插入了一个非限定性定语从句。What和how都不能引导定语从句,而that只可用于限定性定语从句;as引导非限定性定语从句可指代整个主句,作从句中不定式“to remember”的宾语。故正确答案为D。

【考点小结】

As 引导非限定性定语从句最显著的特点是:从句前或后必有逗号与主句分开,形式上和插入语类似,且从句的主干结构不完整,缺少主语或宾语,需要as充当。

关系代词的省略

关系代词that、who(m)、which在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,在口语中常常可以省略。

【真题再现】

1. The house I grew up _________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (2009江西卷)

A. in itB. inC. in that D. in which

解析:此题考生容易误选“in which”。若要使用“in which”,必须将题干改为“The house ____ I grew up has been...”,或者把关系代词放在引导位置,变为:“The house which (或that) I grew up in has been...”。而关系代词that或which作及物动词或介词宾语时,在口语中常常省略。故正确答案为B。

【考点小结】

当某个名词或代词后出现从句且题干中没有连词时,则应该考虑到作动词或介词的宾语that或which被省略的情况。所以考生在解题的时候,可以将省略的引导词补充出来,从而帮助其快速、清晰地理解句子结构。

定语从句与并列句、名词性从句、强调句型的区别

定语从句和并列句、名词性从句以及强调句型有些许相似之处,如果考生不能准确判别,便会影响正确答题。下面笔者就结合具体真题进行讲解。

【真题再现】

1.—What do you think of teaching, Bob?

— I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _________ you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009北京卷)

A. where B. whichC. when D. that

解析:此题很容易让考生误认为是强调结构“It is...that”而误选that。我们知道,强调结构中的it、that只是结构形式的需要,均无实际意义,去掉后句子结构和句意依然完整。而这句话中,如果去掉“It is”,剩下的部分“a job you are doing something ...”结构混乱,与强调结构的特点相矛盾,故判定其不是强调结构。分析句子结构,“It”指代“teaching”,“a job”是先行词,从句中主谓宾结构完整,缺少的只是地点状语,故正确答案为A。

2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _________ didn't help. (2005全国卷III)

A. itB. sheC. whichD. he

解析:由连词but可知,其后应是并列的简单句, 代词“it”指代前面整个句子的内容,正确答案为A。这道题如果去掉连词but,就成了一个非限定性定语从句,应该选which引导定语从句。

3. _________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京卷)

A. It B. As C. ThatD. What

五大定语从句易错类型 篇5

1. 关系代词做介词宾语

在限制性定语从句中如果介词置于句末,关系代词仍可以用who, whom, which或that。

This is the house (which/that) Lu Xun lived in.

This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.

如果定语从句中谓语动词为介词动词(固定搭配), 那么介词必须后置, 不能与动词拆开置于关系代词之前。

This is the pen (which/that) I am looking for.

再如：

He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him.

He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.

I’ve got two sisters. Both of them are in Shanghai.

第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从名中介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代two sons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的第一个字母都大写。

【总结】

介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是介词的选择，选择的根据有二：从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配；从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出，此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom，不可用that 或who 代替。

2. 常用that作关系代词的几种情况

先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

This is the best film that has ever been made.

The first place (that) we visited was the Great Wall.

先行词有the only，the very修饰时，只用that。

The only thing (that) he had in the room was a bed.

在不定代词如all，anything，nothing，the one，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

This is all (that) I want to say.

Is there anything (that) I can do for you?

先行词为人和物的名词词组时，关系代词用that。

They talked of persons and things that they remembered in the school.

3. 不用that的情况

在引导非限定性定语从句时，介词后不能用that。

The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. (错)

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

4. 定语从句与强调句

It is the place where they lived before.

It is in the place that they lived before.

第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place，在定语从句中作状语；第二个句子为强调句，强调in the place，that没有意义，把in the place 放回后面句子，句子意思完整。

Where is it that he found the lost watch? (强调句型，强调疑问副词where)

Where is the watch that he found yesterday? (定语从句，that指代the watch)

【例题】

It was with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.

A. because B. which C. since D. that

解析 D。考查强调句型。强调原因状语，但不能误选because，强调句型不管强调什么成分，都可以用that。

5. 定语从句与同位语从句

同位语从句与定语从句从形式上看好像没什么区别，实际在含义和功能方面还是比较容易区分的。同位语从句的先行词一般为fact, idea, news, thought, reply, report, problem等抽象名词，而且关联词大都为that，在idea, problem等词后根据句意可能用到who, when, why, how等其他关联词。关联词that在同位语从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作任何成分，但又不可省略。定语从句的关联词（关系代词和关系副词）在从句中则要充当句子成分且有实际含义。试比较：

The news that we heard is not true.(定语从句)

The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位语从句)

定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。

在“have no idea+从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：

I have no idea when she will be back.

【例题】

A warm thought suddenly came to me

I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

A. if B. when

C. that D. Which

解析 C。考查关联词that引导的同位语从句。先行词为thought，that引导的同位语从句表达thought的内容。由于从句太长，故将其移至句末以保持句子平衡。注意不能误选which。

1. I don’t like the way . (speak)

我不喜欢你和我讲话的方式。

2. The man I spoke on the phone last night is very good at swimming.（who）

昨天晚上和我讲电话的那个男人很擅长游泳。

3. The rider and his bike

were held up by the police. (run)

车手和他那辆撞倒老奶奶的自行车被警察拦下了。

4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, . (healthy)

我们不应该花钱给那么多人做检查，他们中大多数是健康的。

5. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm . (work)

—你在哪儿认识她的？

—在我们工作的农场上。

6. We haven’t settled the question of

it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A. if B. where

C. whether D. That

1. (that/in which) you speak to me

2. to whom

3. that had run over an old woman

4. most of whom are healthy

5. where we worked

6. C。考查whether引导的同位语从句。这个句子中的of可以省略。从形式上看，of后面的从句为介词的宾语从句，但实际上of连接的question与whether引导的从句是同位关系。注意不能误选if，在表示“是否”含义时，介词后或在同位语从句中不可用if。

定语从句易考点透视 篇6

一、 疑问句中考查定语从句

1. Is this the farm _____you visited last week?

A. whereB. the one

C. on whichD. /

【解析】 答案是D。 命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。

二、 倒装句中考查定语从句

2. We came to a place,_____ stood a big tower.

A. whichB. thatC. /D. where

【解析】 正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。

三、 拆分词组和固定搭配

3. The second is connected with the use______the body makes of food.

A. of which B. where C. to do D. that

4. Why cant you realize the part_____ they have played in our life?

A. which B. on which C. when D. where

【解析】 答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of, play a part (in)。

四、 添加插入语或状语

5. The scientist has made another discovery,_____ I believe is of great importance.

A. thatB. /C. which_____D. why

【解析】 应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有： I think (suppose, expect, believe, imagine), in my opinion, to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

五、 插入非谓语动词

6. Is this the man_____ you want to have_____ the radio for me?

A. who; repairedB. that; repaired

C. whom; repairingD. that; repair

【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

小试牛刀：

1. Was it in the shop_____ sold childrens clothing that you lost your wallet?

A. /B. whereC. thatD. when

2. Thank you for the difficulty_____ you have had painting the house.

A. whenB. /C. whyD. where

3. Is there anyone around the factory_____knows how to operate the computer?

A. whoB. whichC. whereD. in which

4. The managers discussed the plan_____they would like to see_____ the next year.

A. that; carried outB. who; carried out

C. which; carry outD. that; carrying out

5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth_____ she had made_____with lots of spots.

A. which; coverB. that; covered

C. /; coveringD. where; covering

6. Lincoln,_____ life was once hard, were elected President of American.

A. for whomB. whoC. to whomD. /

Keys: 1. C2. B3. A4. A5. B6. A

Ⅱ. 定语从句分类正误例析

一、 成分重复类

【误】 The factory where we worked there last year was built in 1968.

【正】 The factory where we worked last year was built in 1968.

【析】 别忘记定语从句的关系词在从句中必定充当某一成分。误句中的关系副词where在从句中作状语用，意味：“在那工厂”，再用there就重复状语了，必须删去。又例如：Who is the man ( that ) you talked to him just now?应改为Who is the man that you talked to just now? (that在从句中作宾语用，意味“那个人”。him是多余的。)

一、 关系词错用类

【误】 This is the right bookstore where we are looking for.

【正】 This is the right bookstore which we are looking for.

【析】 要弄清各个关系词在从句中所充当的成分。误句中的关系词应指bookstore, 在从句中作look for的宾语，而where在从句中只能作状语，因而是错误的。故关系副词where应改为关系代词which。又:例如：This is the boy whom was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday.应改为This is the boy who was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday. (关系代词在从句中作主语用，应把whom改为who 。)

二、 主谓矛盾类

【误】 Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Xiao Hong?

【正】 Can you show me the book which has been translated into English by Xiao Hong?

【析】 在定语从句中，当关系词为主语时，从句的谓语动词必须与先行词相一致，而不是与主句的主语相一致。应将have been translated改为has been translated。

三、 缺关系代词类

【误】 The man is giving a report in our school is a scientist.

【正】 The man who is giving a report in our school is a scientist.

【析】 犯这类错误有两个原因：一是受汉语的影响，把英语和汉语结构等同起来；二是没有弄清关系词在定语从句中作主语用时不能省略。应把作主语的关系代词who补起来。

四、 漏掉介词类

【误】 The woman whom I went to the concert is a singer.

【正】 The woman whom I went to the concert with is a singer.

【析】 该句的汉语意思是：“和我一起去参加音乐会的那个妇女是位歌唱家。”根据句义，定语从句中的关系代词whom应作介词with的宾语用。如果漏掉介词with，则关系代词whom就无处可放，也无法解释了。这是中学生常犯的错误，必须引起高度重视。又例如：The man whom I talked to you lives upstairs.应改为The man whom I talked to you about lives upstairs. (whom作about的宾语用， 故about不能漏掉。)

五、 词语错位类

【误】 The room in that she lives is a large one.

【正】 The room that she lives in is a large one.

【析】 在定语从句中，介词不能置于关系代词that 之前。当介词放在从句后面时，that可以用，也可以省略。例如：This is the questionthat we have had so much discussion about. 注意，含有介词的短语动词一般不可拆开。不能说The book for which he is looking was given by my brother.而应说: The book which he is looking for was given by my brother.当然，在一般情况下，定语从句的关系代词which和whom作介词的宾语时，介词是可以置于which和whom之前的。例如：Do you know the comrade to whom she was talking? The tool with which he is working is called a saw.

【即时练习】

一、 选择正确的答案

1. Well never forget the days_____ we spent together last year.

A. whenB. thatC. how D. on which

2. The high yellow building over there,_____was set up last year, is our office building.

A. itB. thatC. whereD. which

3. It is the best TV play_____Ive seen.

A. thatB. whichC. sinceD. and

4. I often hear from my sister,_____works as an engineer.

A. thatB. whoC. heD. whom

5. Last month I visited the house_____Iused to live in my twenties.

A. whichB. whoC. in thatD. where

6. The day_____ I was to start arrived at last.

A. thatB. which

C. on whichD. in that

7. The old woman has two sons,_____are teachers.

A. two of whomB. both of whom

C. all of themD. neither of them

8. Is that the reason_____you dont agree with them?

A. whatB. whichC. whyD. that

9. Air,_____we breathe every day, is necessary to life.

A. /B. whichC. whatD. that

10. I,_____your friend,will try my best to help you out.

A. who isB. that is

C. who amD. who are

11. Li Ying is one of the girls_____to college in the village.

A. who goesB. who go

C. which wentD. that goes

12. He is the only one of the boys of his class who_____the piano well.

A. playsB. play

C. playingD. are playing

13. Those_____not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learnB. who

C. that learnsD. who learn

14. Is this the factory_____you visited the other day?

A. in whichB. which

C. whereD. the one

15. He must be from Africa,_____can be seen from his skin.

A. thatB. asC. itD. what

参考答案：

1. B。that指代the days,在从句中作动词spent的宾语。

2. D。which指代the high yellow building,在从句中作主语，引导非限定性定语从句。

3. A。that指代the TV play,在从句中作宾语，且先行词中含有最高级，不能用which。

4. B。who指代my sister,在从句中作主语，且本题是非限定性定语从句(因为书写有逗号，that不引导非限定性定语从句。

5. D。where指代the house,在从句中作状语(live是不及物动词)。

6. C。on which相当于when,表时间，作状语。

7. B。本题是非限定性定语从句(书写有逗号)，故C、D错误，A应改为the two of whom，故B正确。

8. C。why相当于for the reason，在从句中作状语。

9. B。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代air，在从句中作动词“breathe”的宾语。

10. C。that不引导非限定性定语从句，who指代I,谓语动词应用am。

11. B。who指代the girls,在从句中作主语，如果one of ... 结构变为the (only) one of ... 应改A。

12. A。先行词是the only one是单数，故选A。若去掉the only则选B。

13. D。who指代those,在从句中作主语，谓语动词是learn。

14. B。解题技巧：先将句子转换为陈述句语序。This is the factory_____you visit the other day. which指代the factory,在从句中作动词visit的宾语。